Kenmore, Washington

Kenmore, occasionally known as "Kenmore by the Lake," is a city in the United States located on the northernmost shores of Lake Washington in King County, Washington. A mix of bedroom community, one-time country retreat, and freshwater industrial port, prominent features include the nation's largest seaplane-only commercial air facility, Bastyr University, several waterside parks and marinas, and easy access to the Burke-Gilman Trail and the King County bike-trail system. Sites of local historical interest include the former St. Edward Seminary, now Saint Edward State Park, and Log Boom Park. Kenmore's official city flower is the dahlia, the official city bird is the great blue heron, and the official city evergreen is the rhododendron. The population was 18,678 at the 2000 census.

1 History
2 Geography
- 2.1 Climate
- 2.2 Neighborhoods
3 Demographics
4 Economy
5 Education
6 Government and Politics
- 6.1 Cardroom Ordinance
7 Culture
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links

[edit] History

Founded in 1901, Kenmore's name comes third-hand from the Scottish village of Kenmore, via town founder John McMasters' home town of Kenmore, Ontario. John and his wife Annie arrived in Puget Sound circa 1889 from Canada, intending to establish themselves in the shingle-making trade, eventually opening their own shingle mill on the northern shore of Lake Washington on land leased from Watson Squire. By 1903, Kenmore had established a school system and post office,^[4] but did not formally incorporate as a city until August 31, 1998.^[5]

[edit] Country living: lumber, gardeners, nudists, and booze

Despite cargo railway service passing through the area as early as 1887 via the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railroad, most access to the city in its early days was by boat, with regular ferry service to Seattle, Bothell, and Woodinville starting in 1906. The city later gained a passenger railroad stop. The first improved road connection to Seattle and Bothell—the Red Brick Road—opened between 1913 and 1914, with bus service following the laying of the bricks. As a result, Kenmore became a country retreat for weekend gardeners with local landowners selling off clear-cut "garden plots" to Seattlites with automobiles and green thumbs—and attracted at least two short-lived nudist camps during the 1920s.

Far more striking, however, was the impact of Prohibition. Kenmore quickly became famous in Seattle for its fine country dining and, more importantly, its fine country drinking, as a substantial illegal alcohol industry developed to meet the demands of Jazz Age Seattle nightlife. Although relatively close to Seattle proper—thanks to Bothell Way's status as one of the few improved roads then heading north from downtown—it was nonetheless far enough out that Department of Revenue officers could, for the most part, ignore it.

The Blind Pig, a roadhouse on Shuter's Landing onto Lake Washington, was probably the most famous of the Kenmore speakeasys. Being lakeside, its illegal hooch could be dumped into the lake quickly and easily should it become necessary. It should not be assumed, however, that this act fooled anyone; the name itself was, in fact, a well-known slang term meaning "speakeasy." But despite its notoriety, the Pig was not even the city's most infamous saloon. Routine violence and fist-fights at Inglewood Tavern earned that establishment an alternative name: The Bucket of Blood.

This archipelago of dining and entertainment - over 30 different restaurants, dance halls, bars, and clubs in a three-block area - remained a major part of Kenmore's identity through the 1940s.

[edit] Voucherville, the Cold War, and redevelopment

Once the Great Depression hit, Kenmore became home for a small settlement of workers under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Back to the Land program. Paid by the Works Progress Administration, a small number of workers settled in an area of northwestern Kenmore which became known as "Voucherville," after the vouchers the WPA paid in lieu of a cash salary.

After the end of World War II, Kenmore became home to US Army Nike Hercules missile batteries as part of cold-war era defense plans. These nuclear-tipped anti-aircraft missiles were intended to protect Seattle and environments from Soviet bombers, should war break out. They were eventually removed in 1974.^[6]

The post-war era largely transformed downtown. Kenmore Air Harbor, which today is one of the world's largest seaplane-only airports, opened not far from the old location of the Blind Pig; Kenmore Air itself today a fleet of seaplanes serving waterside destinations throughout Cascadia. At the same time, Kenmore's immediate proximity to Seattle—just two miles north of modern Seattle city limits—made it an early target of post-war housing development, with the first plaits in the new Uplake neighborhood being sold in 1954. Housing development continued throughout the Kenmore area for the next several decades, mostly following the postwar suburban model; industrial and commercial growth followed quickly behind, and within a few decades, most of the old Kenmore archipelago of dining and drinking had vanished, replaced by shopping centers, industrial development, and housing. However, one part of this new development brought its own history along with it: the Jewel Box building in downtown Kenmore is a Seattle World's Fair artifact, moved from Seattle Center to Kenmore after the end of the fair in October, 1962.

The city eventually gained its first college in 1996, with the relocation of Bastyr University from Seattle onto the grounds of the former St. Edward Seminary.

[edit] Incorporation and rebuilding downtown

Kenmore residents considered incorporation many times since the town's founding; one such incorporation vote failed in 1954.^[7] The idea gained popular support through the 1990s, however, partly in response to the passage of the Washington State Growth Management Act of 1990. Formation of an exploration committee in 1995 led to a successful public vote shortly thereafter, and the city formally incorporated on August 31, 1998, 97 years after its original founding.

Following incorporation, the new government set about devising a local set of zoning codes and a downtown development plan with the intent of reviving and rebuilding the traditional core areas of the city. A significant component of this plan involves extensive use of land now owned by the city, in the area known within the plan as the Northwest Quadrant. An open invitation was extended to all architects and developers to submit development plans for this newly-available area in December, 2005; the City Council chose to negotiate primarily with Kenmore Partners LLC in April of 2006. Design plans were submitted to the city the following summer, with a conceptual overview made available to the public at the same time.^[8]

Kenmore's oldest roads, now known most often by their county-assigned number systems, originally had more traditional names such as Cat's Whiskers Road (61st Avenue NE), Squire Boulevard (later Red Brick Road, now Bothell Way/SR 522), and Remington Drive (NE 181st Street). These traditional names were reinstated in 2007 as secondary names in the downtown area.^[9]

[edit] Geography

Kenmore is located at 47°45′10″N, 122°14′50″W (47.752870, -122.247360)^[10], with borders encompassing all of the north shore and a significant portion of the northeastern shore of Lake Washington. The local terrain is typical of the Puget Sound lowlands, consisting largely of rolling hills formed from glacial till, occasionally interrupted by flatlands typically found near substantial bodies of water. The largest river is the Sammamish, which connects Lake Sammamish to Lake Washington, and divides the city into northern and southern halves. Additionally, the northeastern corner of the city includes a narrow set of swamps and marshlands running north to south along Swamp Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.2 km²), of which, 6.2 square miles (16.0 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (1.60%) is water.

[edit] Climate

The climate of Kenmore is substantially similar to that of nearby Seattle, being defined principally by its latitude, proximity to the Pacific Ocean and Puget Sound, and inclusion in the Puget Sound Convergence Zone. As such, it is usually considered Marine west coast in nature, with damp, cool winters, and mild, dry summers, despite being further north than cities such as Toronto and Montreal.

[edit] Neighborhoods

Kenmore has several distinct neighborhoods. These include:

Arrowhead, Kenmore, from across Lake Washington in Log Boom Park

Arrowhead, in southern Kenmore, on the west (or lake) side, saw its first house built in 1888. This was a small summer cabin; the oldest house still standing dates from 1929.
Inglewood, in southern Kenmore, was first platted in 1953, with large-scale suburban development appearing by 1962.
Lower Moorlands, in eastern Kenmore, saw its first house in 1904. The significant development occurring in this area after World War I included the Charles and Elvera Thomsen House, a 1927 King County landmark.^[11]
Upper Moorlands, also in eastern Kenmore, saw initial building in 1938-1939 but stayed quite rural due to the lack of a good water system until suburban development arrived in the mid 1950s.
Central (or downtown) Kenmore hugs Bothell Way and formed the original core of the city. Today it is Kenmore's commercial and industrial core.

Northern Kenmore and the Cascade Mountains as seen from Uplake Terrace, looking west

Northlake Terrace, an early residential neighborhood just north of town, is now a mix of commercial and residential development. Much of the eastern portion of this area is to be redeveloped as part of the new Downtown Plan.
Linwood Heights, in northwest Kenmore, was first founded as part of the "Back to the Land" movement during the Great Depression. Then derisively referred to as Voucherville, it has long since been redeveloped and is now largely suburban housing. Portions were annexed by Lake Forest Park in 1995, predating Kenmore's formal incorporation.
Kenlake Vista, in northern Kenmore, is post-war residential suburban housing.
Uplake Terrace, in northwestern Kenmore, was one of the few areas of Kenmore with no residents at all before World War II. Its development started in 1954.
Kenmore Terrace

Since 2000, a significant number of developers have been converting former pastureland to high-end housing in the northern section of the city. As a result, the overall character of these sections of town has been rapidly changing, from run-down and semi-rural to affluent suburbia. This has also affected nearby Bothell, resulting in the creation of numerous commercial developments.

[edit] Demographics

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 18,678 people, 7,307 households, and 4,961 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,028.7 people per square mile (1,168.8/km²). There were 7,562 housing units at an average density of 1,226.2/sq mi (473.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.70% White, 1.39% African American, 0.37% Native American, 7.16% Asian, 0.18% Pacific Islander, 1.24% from other races, and 2.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.51% of the population.

There were 7,307 households out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 98.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $61,756, and the median income for a family was $72,139. Males had a median income of $50,160 versus $35,570 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,692, ranking 33rd of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. About 4.8% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] Economy

Cranes in Kenmore harbor

Cement barge offloading at Kenmore Ready-Mix

While in large part now a bedroom community for workers commuting to nearby Seattle, Bothell, and Redmond, Kenmore retains a significant independent economic core centered around durable goods (construction materials, concrete, asphalt) and special trade contracting (construction, heavy construction, and highways).

Kenmore also hosts one of the last industrial ports on Lake Washington, at the mouth of the Sammamish River. Larger local businesses near the port include Rinker Materials's Kenmore plant, Kenmore Ready-Mix (cements and asphalts, a division of Glacier Northwest), Pacific Topsoils (topsoils and landscape construction materials), Michael Homchick Stoneworks (stone fabrication and installation), Plywood Supply (lumber, plywood, and millwork, wholesale, retail, and company headquarters), and several others. As home to the James G. Murphy Company, one of the ten largest commercial/industrial auction houses in the United States, the city is also an auction center.

Significant non-durable-goods businesses include Kenmore Air, a regional seaplane-based airline that operates both charter and scheduled flights from its Lake Washington airfield; Alaska General Seafoods's company headquarters and processing plant; Bastyr University, a school of naturopathic medicine; Kenmore Lanes, a large bowling alley and card room; Kenmore Camera, a local photography retailer of note; and Ostrom's Drugs and Gifts.

[edit] Education

Kenmore is part of the Northshore School District, and the local high school is Inglemoor High School. It is also home to Bastyr University, a leading private school of naturopathic medicine founded in 1978 and accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU). Kenmore is also located between the University of Washington's main campus in Seattle and its satellite campus and the co-located Cascadia Community College in nearby Bothell, with paved bike trails and express bus service connecting the city to all three schools. The city also has a bus connection directly to Shoreline Community College, but not an easy bicycle link.

[edit] Government and Politics

Kenmore has a Council/Manager government, being governed by a City Council consisting of seven Councilmembers, each of whom is elected to a four year term. Council elections are held every two years, with either three or four positions standing, depending upon year. All positions are nonpartisan and at-large, elected by the entire city voting population. The Council passes ordinances, sets policies, and elects from its own membership a Mayor and Deputy Mayor for two year terms. The Council as a whole meets on the second and fourth Mondays of each month, with public Study Sessions held on the first and third Mondays.^[12]

Day to day operations of the city are administered by a City Manager, hired by the City Council. City code also stipulates the hiring of a full-time City Clerk. Major committees included in Kenmore Municipal Code are the Landmarks and Heritage Commission, the Planning Commission, and the Library Advisory Board.^[13] City of Kenmore police duties are subcontracted through the King County Sheriff's Office; the original City of Kenmore Fire Department's duties were expanded via agreement with nearby Lake Forest Park, becoming the Northshore Fire Department.

[edit] Cardroom Ordinance

When the City of Kenmore incorporated in 1998, one of the early actions by the first city council was to put a moratorium on cardrooms, enacted in 1999.^[14] Cardrooms are mini casinos that have card games such as Blackjack and allow bets under $100. There is only one cardroom in Kenmore—the 11th Frame Restaurant and Lounge at Kenmore Lanes. The 11th Frame has been in operation since the 1970's and it, along with Kenmore Lanes, generates the most tax revenue of any business in Kenmore.

In March 2003, the city council put a ban on new cardrooms but grandfathered the 11th Frame. In October of that year, Len Griesel, a Kenmore business owner, challenged the ban in court. In November, the city council removed the ban against new cardrooms and reinstated the moratorium.^[14]

In September 2004, the issue was put before Kenmore voters as Proposition 1, "Proposed Ban of Card Rooms" ^[15] Proposition 1 asked "Shall the City of Kenmore ban such “social card games”?" The proposition failed, but the city council did not lift the moratorium.^[16]

In December 2004, as part of the lawsuit brought by Len Griesel, King County Superior Court Judge Terry Lukens overturned the moratorium and gave the council until the end of June 2005 to allow or ban all gambling. In June 2005, the city council did not have enough votes to enact a ban on cardrooms. ^[17] Despite the fact that cardrooms were now open to new business, Len Griesel did not apply for a cardroom license.

The 2005 Council elections focused in part on whether the city should adopt a ban on cardrooms. Several candidates stated their positions that a cardroom ban would be key to any successful attempt to rebuild Kenmore's downtown core.^[18]

Immediately after the election, in December 2005, the council voted to ban cardrooms. ^[19] At that time, the 11th Frame filed a lawsuit against the city in federal court. In August 2006, the lawsuit was dismissed on the grounds that gambling was not a vested right. An appeal was filed in the Ninth Circuit Court. The case is scheduled to go to trial in March 2008.^[20]

Ordinance enforcement is suspended pending the outcome of the lawsuit by the 11th Frame at Kenmore Lanes.^[21]

[edit] Culture

[edit] Civic Events and Festivals

Major annual civic events include:

The Kenmore Summer Concert Series, hosted at the former St. Edward Seminary, now Saint Edward State Park
The annual Kenmore Art Show, a juried art exhibition sponsored by the Arts of Kenmore
The Kenmore Summer Festival, formerly the Good Ol' Days festival, an annual summer carnival featuring a variety of activities. Traditionally held downtown, it has been temporarily relocated to the Inglemoor High School campus due to construction activities.
The Kenmore Spring Egg Hunt
Fourth of July Fireworks, a fireworks display at Log Boom Park, starting in 2006.

[edit] Media

Kenmore is served by Seattle-area media, but town and neighborhood events are covered primarily by the Kenmore Reporter, a weekly newspaper. Published by Reporter Newspapers of Kent, Washington, almost all of its articles appear only in the print edition. Once a month, a Kenmore city government update is printed within the newspaper as a two- to four-page supplement. The Kenmore Reporter is delivered free of charge throughout the city. For its part, the city also sends out a quarterly eight-page newsletter to all residents discussing government activities, development project status reports, budgetary summaries, and a community events calendar.

[edit] Parks

Not all parks within city limits are operated by city government; the Burke-Gilman Trail is a King County park, and St. Edward State Park is operated by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commision. Extant parks within city limits include:

Burke-Gilman Trail, a King County park which, combined with the Sammamish River Trail, connects Marymoor Park just outside downtown Redmond through the downtowns of Woodinville, Bothell, Kenmore, and Lake Forest Park to Gas Works Park in Seattle and points west. Several other trails and bike routes branch off of this trail backbone;
Inglewood Wetlands, two separate shoreline protected areas next to the mouth of the Sammamish River;
Linwood Park, a small three acre park in northwest Kenmore that is largely undeveloped;
Moorlands Park, a 5-acre park including baseball and basketball facilities in southeastern Kenmore;
Rhododendron Park, formerly Kenmore Park, a 13-acre park planted with hundreds of species of rhododendron, many rare;
Saint Edward State Park, the largest park in Kenmore at 365 acres; it includes over half a mile of undeveloped Lake Washington shoreline, the historic Saint Edward Seminary and gymnasium, and the Carole Ann Wald year-round indoor swimming pool, which is the home practice pool for both Inglemoor High School Viking swim teams and Seattle Synchro, the Seattle Synchronized Swim Team;
Swamp Creek Park, along the Sammamish River, consists of city-purchased farmland currently left in an undeveloped state;
Tracy Owen Station at Log Boom Park, Kenmore's smaller Lake Washington park, includes 16 acres of shoreline and a large walking dock extending out into the lake;
Wallace Swamp Creek Park, a 17 acre park surrounding Swamp Creek in northeast Kenmore, which features a variety of walking trails.

[edit] References

^ Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Washington, Listed Alphabetically: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004 (xls). US Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
^ ^a ^b American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey (2007-10-25). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ "Kenmore Post Office opens on November 12, 1903." HistoryLink.org. Essay 583. Retrieved on March 24, 2007.
^ "Kenmore votes to incorporate on September 16, 1997." HistoryLink.org. Essay 4092. Retrieved on March 24, 2007.
^ "Seattle tests a super siren during the Cold War on February 27, 1952." HistoryLink.org. Essay 3688. Retrieved on April 2, 2007.
^ Kenmore Heritage Society Timeline, Kenmore Heritage Society. Retrieved on April 15, 2007.
^ "Revitalizing Downtown Kenmore." Kenmore Partners, LLC. Retrieved on March 24, 2007.
^ "Street Signs." Kenmore Heritage Society Spring 2007 Newsletter. Retrieved on April 2, 2007.
^ US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990. United States Census Bureau (2005-05-03). Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
^ "King County Landmarks: Charles and Elvera Thomsen House (1927), Kenmore." HistoryLink.org. Essay 2360. Retrieved on March 24, 2007.
^ "City Council: About Us," City of Kenmore. Retrieved on May 4, 2007.
^ Kenmore Municipal Code, Title 2: Administration and Personnel, City of Kenmore. Retrieved on May 4, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Bain, Lara, "City Council to decide future of Kenmore's only cardroom," Seattle Times 18 June 2005
^ "Proposition No. 1: Proposed Ban of Card Rooms," King County Local Voters Pamphlet 4 Sept 2004
^ "Proposition 1 Election Results," King County Election Results 14 Sept 2004
^ Bain, Lara, "Tenants pause before opening casinos," Seattle Times, 29 June 2005
^ Whitely, P., "Kenmore City Council contests deal with cardroom," Seattle Times, 7 September 2005
^ Whitely, P., "Federal judge says lone cardroom has to go," Seattle Times, 5 August 2006.
^ "Cardroom Lawsuit Status" City of Kenmore
^ Whitely, P., "Embattled Kenmore cardroom part of yet another legal battle", Seattle Times, 16 November 2006.

[edit] Further reading

Priscilla Droge, et al., Kenmore by the Lake: A Community History, Kenmore Heritage Society, Kenmore, Washington, 2003
Alan J. Stein, et al., John McMaster names the Village of Kenmore on January 10, 1901, HistoryLink.org, Seattle, Washington, 2001
PI Staff, Rich in history: Homemade beer, 'Voucherville,' stills and nudists, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Seattle, Washington, 2006

[edit] External links

Kenmore, Washington is at coordinates 47°45′10″N 122°14′51″W / 47.75287, -122.24736 (Kenmore, Washington)Coordinates: 47°45′10″N 122°14′51″W / 47.75287, -122.24736 (Kenmore, Washington)

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of King County, Washington

County seat: Seattle

Cities	Algona \| Bellevue \| Black Diamond \| Burien \| Carnation \| Clyde Hill \| Covington \| Des Moines \| Duvall \| Enumclaw \| Federal Way \| Issaquah \| Kenmore \| Kent \| Kirkland \| Lake Forest Park \| Maple Valley \| Medina \| Mercer Island \| Newcastle \| Normandy Park \| North Bend \| Redmond \| Renton \| Sammamish \| SeaTac \| Seattle \| Shoreline \| Snoqualmie \| Tukwila \| Woodinville

Towns	Beaux Arts Village \| Hunts Point \| Skykomish \| Yarrow Point

CDPs	Ames Lake \| Baring \| Bryn Mawr-Skyway \| Cascade-Fairwood \| Cottage Lake \| East Hill-Meridian \| East Renton Highlands \| Eastgate \| Fall City \| Hobart \| Inglewood-Finn Hill \| Kingsgate \| Lake Marcel-Stillwater \| Lake Morton-Berrydale \| Lakeland North \| Lakeland South \| Lea Hill \| Maple Heights-Lake Desire \| Mirrormont \| Ravensdale \| Riverbend \| Riverton-Boulevard Park \| Tanner \| Union Hill-Novelty Hill \| Vashon \| West Lake Sammamish \| White Center

Unincorporated communities	Burton \| Cumberland \| Dockton \| Ernie's Grove \| Grotto \| Hot Springs \| Kangley \| Klahanie \| Palmer \| Portage \| Preston \| Wellington