User:Keithgreer/Northern Ireland flags issue
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The Northern Ireland flags issue is one that divides the population along sectarian lines. Depending on political allegiance, people identify with differing flags and symbols, some of which have, or have had, official status in the province.
There are various proposals as to what flag could represent Northern Ireland's various communities as a whole; see below for some suggestions.
[edit] Official governmental flag and emblem
Main Article: Flag of Northern Ireland
[edit] Union Flag
| Image | Description | |
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Union Flag | The flag of the United Kingdom, the Union Flag or Union Jack, is the only official flag used in Northern Ireland.[1] It is made from an amalgamation of the crosses of St. Andrew (representing Scotland), St. George (representing England) and St. Patrick (representing Ireland).
The Union Flag is often flown by unionists and loyalists but is disliked by many nationalists and republicans. |
[edit] Northern Ireland Assembly emblem
| Image | Description | |
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| Assembly Logo | The emblem of the Northern Ireland Assembly was designed to be inclusive across the community[2]. It depicts flax, a traditional Ulster crop; there are six flowers, representing the six counties of Northern Ireland. A version of this emblem has, in the past also been used to represent Northern Ireland on British one pound coins. Whilst the emblem has not so far been divisive, it is not well known by the public. |
[edit] Flags and emblems no longer in official use
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Ulster Banner | The Ulster Banner, the former Executive Committee of the Privy Council of Northern Ireland flag, was used from 1953-1972 by the devolved Stormont government to represent Northern Ireland. It is currently still considered by many (especially unionists) to be the de facto civil flag to uniquely represent Northern Ireland, even though its official government use ended when the Government of Northern Ireland was abolished. It is still, however, used to represent Northern Irish sporting teams, for example on the Northern Ireland football team's entry on the FIFA website[3], and by the Northern Ireland Commonwealth Games team[4]. Some local councils, such as the predominantly-unionist Castlereagh, continue to fly it outside their offices.[5]
The flag dates from 1953 (although the design appears in the Northern Ireland coat of arms which dates from 1924) and is based on the flag of the Irish province of Ulster which covered what is now Northern Ireland and three counties of the Republic of Ireland. There are three differences with the Flag of Ulster, namely the white background, the six-pointed star (representing the six Northern Ireland counties) and the crown. This flag is often flown by loyalists and in many republican minds has become associated with loyalist paramilitaries. For this reason, and its inclusion of the British Crown, it is disliked by many nationalists and republicans. Some also believe that the star on the flag represents the Star of David and association with Israel. Although many unionists would wish to see this flag used in the future as a Northern Ireland civil flag with governmental status, such a move would be unlikely to receive cross-community support. |
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Coat of arms of Northern Ireland | The coat of Arms for the Government of Northern Ireland was granted in 1925. It is no longer in official use, but since the grant is not rescinded, it is semi-official. A white stag bears the colours of the province of Ulster, and a lion bears the harp banner for Ireland. The Latin motto Quis Separabit, ("Who will separate us") is the old motto of the Order of St Patrick. |
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St Patrick's Flag | The Cross of St Patrick is a red saltire (X-shaped cross) on a white field (background). It may have been based on the arms of the Fitzgerald family[6] and is believed by some to be unrelated to Saint Patrick, Ireland's patron saint. It was used in an official capacity before the Partition of Ireland and forms part of the Union Flag. Devised in 1783, one theory for it basis is that similar badges were worn on St Patricks Day.[7] It is still used on St Patrick's Day in Northern Ireland where it has been waved by individuals and flown at some council offices (notably Belfast City Hall).[8] In the case of the City Hall, this happened first in 1994, after the council's Policy and Resource committee had passed a resolution approving its use in January of that year.
It is seen by some as a neutral flag representing the island of Ireland on St Patrick's Day and is used on the emblem of the Police Service of Northern Ireland. It has also been used as the basis for the flags of some Southern U.S. states (the South has a substantial heritage in Ulster; in particular their Ulster Scots population is rather large) such as Alabama and Florida.[9] A number of people wish to see this flag used officially for Northern Ireland, though some nationalists dislike its previous use in British contexts. Others dislike its specific use for Northern Ireland because it is seen as one of the few flags that can be used to represent the entire island of Ireland in a neutral fashion. |
[edit] Other flags
| Image | Description | |
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Flag of Ulster | The flag of the nine-county Ulster is often flown in Gaelic Athletic Association contexts, though it also appears on the coat of arms of the Ulster Unionist Party. It is also often flown by fans at Ulster rugby matches. It was the basis for the Government of Northern Ireland flag. |
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Four provinces flag | The "four provinces flag"' incorporates the flags of the four Irish provinces of Ulster, Munster, Leinster and Connacht; and represents the entire island of Ireland. It is used by nationalists and by some all-Ireland institutions such as the Irish Rugby Football Union. It is seen as a more neutral flag than the Irish Tricolour. |
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Irish Tricolour | The flag of the Republic of Ireland, the Irish Tricolour is regularly flown by Republicans and Nationalists to show their support for a United Ireland. The colours represent Irish Catholics (green), Protestants (orange) and the desire for peace (white) and was originally designed by Irish Nationalists in the 19th century to represent a united independent island. In its original 19th century form, the orange band was at the mast-side of the flag. In the early 20th century when the flag was re-adopted by Irish nationalists it was altered to have the green band closest to the mast.
Despite this, any use of the flag in Northern Ireland is opposed by most unionists and loyalists. The Flags and Emblems Act, 1954 which had been enacted by the Unionist Government at Stormont effectively outlawed its display. This act was subsequently repealed by the UK Government at Westminster. The flying of the Irish Tricolour by nationalists in Northern Ireland on St Patrick's Day is particularly controversial as Saint Patrick represents all the people and all of the island, not just the Republic of Ireland or its citizens. Although the flag was originally designed to represent the entire people of Ireland, it is unlikely that this flag would ever be used in the event of a United Ireland (which would contain one million Unionists[10]) and a more inclusive flag would need to be adopted for that purpose. Despite these concerns, some local councils have debated the usage of the flag. Belfast City Council for example, had this flag in the Lord Mayor's official office, when put in place by former Sinn Féin Lord Mayor Alex Maskey, MLA, along with the Union Flag. When the Social Democratic and Labour Party's (SDLP) Alban McGuinness was previously Lord Mayor, however, he side-stepped the issue by having neither flag in his office. Usage of the flag in Northern Ireland has been debated in recent years, with Belfast City Council discussing (in September 2003), amongst other things, using the flag to fly alongside the Union Flag on designated occasions. The debate, however, all but collapsed after the long term suspension of the Northern Ireland government. |
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Ulster separatists flag | This flag is used by Ulster separatists who wish to see Northern Ireland leave the United Kingdom and become an independent state, not joining together with the Republic of Ireland.
The flag is made up of St Andrew's cross (below), St Patrick's Cross (above) and the red hand and star from the Northern Ireland flag (above). |
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St Andrew's Cross | St Andrew's Cross is the traditional flag of Scotland, and is one of the flags which makes up the Union Flag. It is used by some Loyalists in Northern Ireland to highlight their Scottish ancestry. St Andrew was one of the disciples of Jesus Christ and the flag is said to have been inspired by a white cross of cloud appearing on a blue sky to Scottish King preparing for battle. |
[edit] Possible replacements
As there is currently no unique official flag for Northern Ireland, there have been various suggestions about what should be done. Apart from reusing an existing flag (such as the Cross of St Patrick), various new designs have been created.
This flag was being considered by the UK Government in the late 1990s and was leaked to BBC News[11]. It was never officially proposed. It is essentially the old NI Government Flag with the crown removed and some yellow taken from the Province of Ulster Flag.
When this flag was shown by journalists to various people around Belfast, the reaction was mainly unfavourable. Although some liked its inclusive nature, typical responses were along the lines of "We already have a flag, it's the Union Jack" or "We already have a flag, it's the Tricolour".
Another attempt to create a flag which the community could support is shown here. It was featured on local TV station UTV, and was inspired, in part, by the Police Service of Northern Ireland standard, which had been agreed upon by the four main parties. This, in theory, could give the flag a greater degree of validity than other proposed flags.
It uses various symbols to bring together the diverse identities of the Northern Ireland people. In the centre of the flag is St. Patrick's Cross. The star shape, which no longer bears any resemblance to the Star of David, has six points, representing the six counties. The flag also has six symbols (clockwise from top):
- The Scales of Justice (representing equality and justice)
- The harp (a traditional Irish Symbol)
- A torch (representing enlightenment and a new beginning)
- An olive branch (a peace symbol from Ancient Greece)
- A shamrock (a traditional Irish symbol, used by St Patrick to explain the Christian Trinity)
- A crown (representing the monarchy albeit not using a recognisable crown symbol)
This flag is a hybrid between the St. Patrick's Cross and the Ulster Banner. It adds the Red Hand of Ulster and the six-pointed star to the St. Patrick's Flag, but does not add the crown and dispenses with the St. Georges' Cross found on the Ulster Banner. Although nowhere near as common as the Ulster Banner, it can be regularly seen being displayed by supporters at Ulster rugby matches as a neutral unique flag to represent Northern Ireland.[citation needed]
In 2003, the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (the only Assembly Party that claims to represent both Nationalists and Unionists) came up with a few suggestions. The picture to the left shows a BBC artist's impression of these ideas, taken from a BBC Newsline report [2]. The flags shown represent, from left to right, a flax flower, the map of Northern Ireland (which is also re-created to the right) and a few steps from the Giant's Causeway. (Compare with the Korean Unification Flag and the Flag of Cyprus.)
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/adhocs/flags/flags.pdf
- ^ http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/logo.htm
- ^ FIFA website
- ^ http://www.commonwealthgames.com/ Commonwealth Games website. Choose "Northern Ireland" from the "Countries" menu.
- ^ http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-u-cre.html
- ^ http://www.qualityflags.co.uk/history_of_the_union_jack.htm
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Paddy's Day Belfast Bash" from Everything Ulster, 17 March 2006
- ^ http://www.ulsternation.org.uk/cross_of_st_patrick.htm
- ^ http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/assembly1982/docs/uup260484.htm
- ^ BBC Inside Ulster Report circa 1995
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Symbols in Northern Ireland - Flags Used in the Region by Dara Mulhern and Martin Melaugh; illustrated article from CAIN Project (Conflict Archive on the INternet)
