Kedyw
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Kedyw (acronym for Kierownictwo Dywersji, Polish Directorate of Sabotage and Diversion; probably also a play on the Turkish "khedive," which translates into Polish as kedyw): a Polish World War II Armia Krajowa organization that specialized in active and passive sabotage, propaganda and armed action against German forces and collaborators.
Kedyw was created on January 22, 1943, from two pre-existing Armia Krajowa organizations: Związek Odwetu, and Wachlarz. Initially the units were small and town-based. Eventually, as more were formed, some moved into forested areas to begin partisan warfare. Kedyw organized weapon and munition factories, military schools, intelligence, counter-intelligence, field hospitals, and a communication network.
Most members of Kedyw were Boy Scouts from Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego and its wartime organization, Szare Szeregi. Many of the officers were cichociemni, special agents trained in the United Kingdom and parachuted into occupied Poland. Selected Kedyw groups (patrole) carried out operations all over occupied Poland. Among notable types of operations were:
- the sabotaging of rail lines, bridges and roads
- the burning of trains and fuel depots
- the destruction or damaging of weapon factories working for the Wehrmacht
- the liberation of hundreds of prisoners and hostages
- a famous operation of this type, which took place on March 26, 1943, is known as "Akcja pod Arsenałem"
- executions of Nazi collaborators and traitors sentenced by an underground court
- one of these involved Igo Sym, a Polish actor who had been informing the Germans about Home Army operations
- executions of particularly brutal individuals among the German occupation troops, Gestapo, SS and police
- those executed included SS and police General Franz Kutschera, killed on February 2, 1944, and SS-Hauptscharfuehrer August Kretschmann, commandant of the Gęsiówka concentration camp
- Operation Belt
[edit] Warsaw Uprising
Prior to the Warsaw Uprising, most of the Kedyw units in the Warsaw area were moved into the city and grouped into infantry battalions. Notable among them were "Zośka", "Parasol" and "Miotła". After fighting broke out, most of the Kedyw forces joined the Radosław group. Kedyw units were among the most successful in the Uprising. The boy scouts not only had more experience than many regular soldiers, they had also managed to collect more supplies and arms.
Kedyw units first took part in seizing control of Warsaw's Wola district. After 10 days' heavy fighting in the Powązki Cemetery, in which all German attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties, the units withdrew overnight to the city center and Starówka (the old town), where they regrouped and defended their sectors until the capitulation of the Uprising in October 1944.
[edit] Commanders
- Brigadier-General Emil August Fieldorf (Nil) (until March 1944)
- Jan Mazurkiewicz (Radosław) (until August 1944)
