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Contents 1 Muscles of Upper limb 1.1 Vertebral column and thoracic walls 1.2 Shoulder with rotator cuff 1.3 Arm 1.4 Forearm 1.4.1 Anterior compartment of the forearm 1.4.2 Posterior compartment of the forearm 1.4.2.1 Posterior compartment of the forearm—Superficial 1.4.2.2 Posterior compartment of the forearm—Deep 1.5 Muscles of the hand 1.5.1 Lateral volar and thenar eminence 1.5.2 Medial volar and hypothenar eminence 1.5.3 Intermediate volar and interossei

[edit] Muscles of Upper limb

v • d • e List of muscles of upper limbs VERTEBRAL COLUMN trapezius - latissimus dorsi - rhomboid (major, minor) - levator scapulae THORACIC WALLS pectoralis major - pectoralis minor - subclavius - serratus anterior SHOULDER deltoid - rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) - teres major ARM anterior compartment: coracobrachialis - biceps brachii - brachialis posterior compartment: triceps brachii - anconeus FOREARM anterior compartment: superf. - pronator teres - palmaris longus - flexor carpi radialis - flexor carpi ulnaris - flexor digitorum superficialis anterior compartment: deep - pronator quadratus - flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus posterior compartment: superf. - mobile wad (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) - extensor digitorum, - extensor digiti minimi - extensor carpi ulnaris posterior compartment: deep - supinator - anatomical snuff box (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus) - extensor indicis HAND lateral volar - thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis) - adductor pollicis medial volar - hypothenar (opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor minimi digiti) - palmaris brevis intermediate - lumbrical - interossei (dorsal, palmar)

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[edit] Vertebral column and thoracic walls

Vertebral column

Thoracic wall

Latissimus dorsi muscle Origin spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs Insertion    floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus Artery: subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery Nerve: thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8) Action: pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally Antagonist: deltoid, trapezius Trapezius Origin arises, down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion    at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion process, and into the spine of the scapula Artery: transverse cervical artery Nerve: major nerve supply is the cranial nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 and C4 receive information about pain in this muscle Action: retraction of scapula Antagonist: Serratus anterior muscle, Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboid major muscle Origin spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae Insertion    medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle Artery: dorsal scapular artery Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Action: Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Antagonist: Serratus anterior muscle Rhomboid minor muscle Origin nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae Insertion    medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle Artery: dorsal scapular artery Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Action: Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Antagonist: Serratus anterior muscle Levator scapulae muscle Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion    Superior part of medial border of scapula Artery: dorsal scapular artery Nerve: cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5) Action: Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Pectoralis major muscle Origin Kank: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the Insertion    intertubercular groove of the humerus Artery: pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Nerve: lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve Clavicular head: C5 and C6 Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 Action: Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extends the humerus As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Pectoralis minor muscle Origin medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula Insertion    3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages Artery: Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk Nerve: Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) Action: It stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. Subclavius muscle Origin first rib Insertion    subclavian groove of clavicle Artery: thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch Nerve: nerve to subclavius Action: depression of clavicle Serratus anterior (boxer muscle) Origin fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs Insertion    costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula Artery: lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) Nerve: long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, 6, 7) Action: protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation. Antagonist: Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Trapezius

[edit] Shoulder with rotator cuff

Shoulder

Rotator cuff

Deltoid muscle Origin clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula Insertion    deltoid tuberosity of humerus Artery: primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery Nerve: Axillary nerve Action: shoulder abduction, flexion and extension Antagonist: Latissimus dorsi Teres major muscle Origin posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion    medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus Artery: Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries Nerve: Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) Action: Internal rotation of the humerus

Supraspinatus muscle Origin supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion    superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Artery: suprascapular artery Nerve: suprascapular nerve Action: abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus Infraspinatus muscle Origin infraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion    middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery: suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries Nerve: suprascapular nerve Action: Lateral rotation of arm & Abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus Teres minor muscle Origin lateral border of the scapula Insertion    inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery: lateral circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery Nerve: axillary nerve Action: laterally rotates and adducts the arm Subscapularis muscle Origin subscapular fossa Insertion    lesser tubercle of humerus Artery: transverse cervical artery, subscapular artery Nerve: upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) Action: rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder

[edit] Arm

Anterior compartment of the arm

Posterior compartment of the arm

Coracobrachialis muscle Origin coracoid process of scapula Insertion    medial humerus Artery: brachial artery Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve Action: adducts humerus Biceps brachii muscle Origin short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle Insertion    radial tuberosity Artery: brachial artery Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5–C7) Action: flexes elbow and supinates forearm Antagonist: Triceps brachii muscle Brachialis muscle Origin anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone Insertion    coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna Artery: radial recurrent artery Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve Action: flexion at elbow joint

Triceps brachii muscle Origin long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus medial head: posterior humerus Insertion    olecranon process of ulna Artery: deep brachial artery Nerve: radial nerve Action: extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder Antagonist: Biceps brachii muscle Anconeus muscle Origin lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally Insertion    lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally Artery: deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery Nerve: radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1) Action: It is partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. It also stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation.

[edit] Forearm

[edit] Anterior compartment of the forearm

Superficial

Deep

Pronator teres muscle Origin humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna Insertion    radius Artery: ulnar artery and radial artery Nerve: median nerve Action: pronation of forearm, flexes elbow Antagonist: Supinator muscle Palmaris longus muscle Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion    palmar aponeurosis Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: median nerve Action: wrist flexor Antagonist: Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis muscle Origin medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion    Bases of second and third metacarpal bones Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: Median nerve Action: Flexion and abduction at wrist Antagonist: Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Origin medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon) Insertion    pisiform Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: muscular branches of ulnar nerve Action: flexion of wrist Antagonist: Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Origin median epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) as well as parts of the radius and ulna. Insertion    phalanges Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: median nerve Action: flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints) Antagonist: Extensor digitorum muscle

Pronator quadratus muscle Origin medial, anterior surface of the ulna Insertion    lateral, anterior surface of the radius Artery: anterior interosseous artery Nerve: median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) Action: pronates the forearm Antagonist: Supinator muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Origin ulna Insertion    distal phalanges Artery: anterior interosseous artery Nerve: median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar Action: flex hand, interphalangeal joints Antagonist: Extensor digitorum muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Origin The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.) Insertion    The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Artery: Anterior interosseus artery Nerve: Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1) Action: Flexion of the thumb. Antagonist: Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle

[edit] Posterior compartment of the forearm

[edit] Posterior compartment of the forearm—Superficial

Superficial

Superficial—mobile wad

Extensor digitorum muscle Origin lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Insertion    2nd and 3rd phalanges Artery: Nerve: posterior interosseous nerve Action: extension of hand and fingers Antagonist: Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle Origin the anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon) Insertion    at the extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side Artery: the posterior interosseous artery which originates from the common interosseous artery and more proximally, the ulnar artery Nerve: posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) Action: extends the little finger at all joints Antagonist: Flexor digiti minimi brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Origin Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna Insertion    5th metacarpal Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: the posterior interosseus nerve, a branch of the radial nerve Action: extends and adducts the wrist Antagonist: Flexor carpi ulnaris

Brachioradialis muscle Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus Insertion    Distal radius (Radial styloid process) Artery: radial recurrent artery Nerve: radial nerve Action: Flexion of forearm Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Origin lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion    2nd metacarpal Artery: radial artery Nerve: radial nerve Action: extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist Antagonist: Flexor carpi radialis muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Origin humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Insertion    base of the 3rd metacarpal Artery: radial artery Nerve: deep branch of the radial nerve Action: extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint Antagonist: Flexor carpi radialis muscle

[edit] Posterior compartment of the forearm—Deep

Deep

Deep—Anatomical snuff box

Supinator muscle Origin Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament Insertion    Lateral proximal radial shaft Artery: radial recurrent artery Nerve: Posterior interosseus branch of radial nerve Action: supinates forearm Antagonist: Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus Extensor indicis proprius Origin ulna Insertion    index finger (extensor hood) Artery: Nerve: posterior interosseous nerve Action: extends index finger, wrist

Abductor pollicis longus muscle Origin ulna, radial styloid process Insertion    first metacarpal Artery: Nerve: Posterior interosseous nerve Action: abduction, extension of thumb Antagonist: Adductor pollicis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Origin radius Insertion    thumb, proximal phalanx Artery: posterior interosseous artery Nerve: posterior interosseous Action: extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint Antagonist: Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Origin ulna Insertion    thumb, distal phalanx Artery: Nerve: posterior interosseus nerve (branching from the radial nerve) Action: extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal) Antagonist: Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flexor pollicis brevis muscle

[edit] Muscles of the hand

[edit] Lateral volar and thenar eminence

Lateral volar

Lateral volar—Thenar eminence

Adductor pollicis muscle Origin Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal Oblique head: bases of the second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones Insertion    medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid Artery: Nerve: deep branch of the ulnar nerve (T1) Action: adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint Antagonist: Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

Opponens pollicis muscle Origin trapezium and transverse carpal ligament Insertion    metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side Artery: Nerve: median nerve Action: Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Origin trapezoid, flexor retinaculum Insertion    thumb, proximal phalanx Artery: Nerve: median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) Action: Flexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangeal joint Antagonist: Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Origin Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium Insertion    Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors Artery: Nerve: Median nerve Action: Abduction of the thumb by acting across the carpometacarpal joint and the metacarpophalangeal joint. It also assists in opposition and extension of the thumb. Antagonist: Adductor pollicis muscle Opponens pollicis muscle The muscles of the left hand. Palmar surface. Origin trapezium and transverse carpal ligament Insertion    metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side Artery: Nerve: median nerve Action: Flexion of the thumb's metacarpal at the first carpometacarpal joint, which aids in opposition of the thumb

[edit] Medial volar and hypothenar eminence

Meidal volar

Meidal volar—Hypothenar eminence

Palmaris brevis muscle Origin flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis Insertion    palm Artery: Nerve: superficial branch of ulnar nerve Action: wrinkle skin of palm Dorlands /Elsevier m_22/12550063

Opponens digiti minimi muscle Origin Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion    Medial border of 5th metacarpal Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Action: Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb Flexor digiti minimi brevis Origin hamate bone Insertion    little finger Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: flexes little finger Antagonist: Extensor digiti minimi muscle Abductor minimi digiti muscle (hand) Origin pisiform Insertion    base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side Artery: ulnar artery Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action:

[edit] Intermediate volar and interossei

Intermediate volar

Interossei

Lumbricals of the hand Origin flexor digitorum profundus Insertion    extensor expansion Artery: superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve Action: flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints

Dorsal interossei of the hand Origin metacarpals Insertion    proximal phalanges Artery: Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: abduct finger Antagonist: Palmar interossei muscles Palmar interossei muscles Origin metacarpals Insertion    proximal phalange Artery: Nerve: deep branch of ulnar nerve Action: adduction Antagonist: Dorsal interossei of the hand