Katharine Wright
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| Katharine Wright | |
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| Born | August 19, 1874 Dayton, Ohio |
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| Died | March 3, 1929 (age 54) Kansas City |
| Occupation | Teacher |
| Spouse | Henry Haskell (1926-her death) |
Katharine Wright (August 19, 1874 – March 3, 1929) was the only sister of aviation pioneers Wilbur and Orville Wright, and was very supportive of the brothers in their quest to perfect manned flight.
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[edit] Early years
Born August 19, 1874, exactly three years after Orville, Katharine was the only surviving girl born to Milton and Susan Koerner Wright. She was especially close to Wilbur and Orville, and when her mother died it became her responsibility to take over the household, seemingly ending any prospects of marriage.
Despite her new responsibilities, she finished her studies in Oberlin College in Ohio, and took a position in Steele High School in Dayton. To help with the chores, she hired a maid, Carrie Kayler, although she was always under Katharine's shadow.
[edit] Supporting her brothers
When the brothers were away testing their inventions, Katharine constantly wrote to them, keeping them abreast of all news at home and reassuring them during their darkest days. She often scolded Orville and Wilbur when they didn't regularly send correspondence, and warned them of 'distractions' when in Europe.
In 1908, after many years of trying, the brothers convinced the U.S. Signal Corps to allow them to test their Flyer for possible sale to the government. Orville was the pilot that day, however after a few successful trials, disaster struck as the plane crashed, killing Wright's passenger and seriously injuring himself. With Wilbur in France, Katharine immediately went to Washington D.C., taking emergency leave from the school. She was never to return.
[edit] Celebrity
Concerned for his brother, Wilbur asked Kate to come over to France with Orville, and in 1909 they joined him in Pau. Forever the organiser, she quickly dominated the social scene, herself being far more outgoing and charming than the notoriously shy brothers. The French newspapers were fascinated by what they saw as the human side of the Wrights, and it was then that rumors began to circulate as to her importance in the invention of the Wright Flyer. Indeed, to this day many of these myths - such as her funding of the experiments, her sewing of the wing coverings or help with the math needed to design the aeroplane - still live on, despite strenuous denials by both herself and the brothers at the time. The French though were not to be dissuaded, and she was awarded, along with Wilbur and Orville, the Legion d'honneur, making her one of the only women from the U.S. to receive it.
When they returned to Dayton, Ohio, the family were huge celebrities, and as such Katharine took more of the business affairs on, becoming an officer of the Wright Company in 1912 after Wilbur died. The company was sold in 1915 by Orville.
[edit] Upheaval and her new life
In 1917, their father Milton died, three years after he, Katharine, Orville, and Charles and Carrie Kayler Grumbach moved to Hawthorn Hill, a newly-constructed mansion in the Dayton suburb of Oakwood. With no one else to take care of him, Orville became more and more dependent of Kate, as his old injuries had him in severe pain. She looked after his correspondence and business engagements along with his secretary, Mabel Beck, and ran the household as before.
[edit] Marriage, heartbreak and death
In the 1920s, Kate began to renew correspondence with an old flame from her college days, a newspaperman named Henry Haskell, who lived in Kansas City. They quickly began a romance through their letters, but Kate was fearful of Orville's reaction to it as she was afraid he would become jealous, knowing herself that he couldn't survive without her. After several attempts, Henry broke the news to Orville. He was devastated, refusing to speak to the couple. When they finally wed in 1926, Orville refused to attend the ceremony, and wouldn't speak to them up until they moved to Kansas City. She was ridden with guilt for choosing Henry over her brother, and tried many times for a reconciliation, but Orville stubbornly refused.
Two years after her marriage, Katharine contracted pneumonia. Even when Orville found out, he refused to contact her. It was their brother Lorin who eventually persuaded him to visit her on her deathbed, and was with her when she died. She was 54 years old.
[edit] Further reading
- Combs, Harry, with Martin Caidin, Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secret of the Wright Brothers, 1979
- Crouch, Tom D., The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1989
- Howard, Fred, Wilbur And Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers, 1987, 1998
- Jakab, Peter L., Visions of a Flying Machine: The Wright Brothers and the Process of Invention, 1990
- Kelly, Fred C., The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright, 1943
- Maurer, Richard, The Wright Sister: Katharine Wright and Her Famous Brothers, 2003
- McFarland, Marvin W., ed., The Papers of Wilbur and Orville Wright, 1953
- Tobin, James, To Conquer The Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight, 2003
- Wright, Orville, How We Invented the Airplane, Dover Publications, 1988
- Walsh, John E., One Day at Kitty Hawk: The Untold Story of the Wright Brothers, Ty Crowell Co, 1975. ISBN 0-69000103-7
- Mackersey, Ian, The Wright Brothers: The Remarkable Story of the Aviation Pioneers who Changed the World, Little, Brown (Time Warner Books) UK, London: November 2003 ISBN 0 316 861448
