Kate Carmack
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| Shaaw Tláa | |
 Shaaw Tláa (Kate Carmack)
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| Born | Shaaw Tláa c. 1862 close to Lake Bennett (Canada) |
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| Died | 29 March 1920 Carcross, Yukon |
| Cause of death | Influenza |
| Residence | Carcross, Yukon |
| Other names | Kate Carmack |
| Occupation | seamstress |
| Known for | With her husband and brother, credited with making the gold discovery that led to the Klondike Gold Rush |
| Spouse | Kult’ús George Carmack |
| Children | Daughter1 Daughter2, Graphie Grace Carmack |
| Parents | Father, Kaachgaawáa Mother, Gus’dutéen |
| Relatives | Brother, Keish (Skookum Jim Mason) Nephew, Dawson Charlie (Káa Goox) |
Shaaw Tláa, also known as Kate Carmack (c. 1862 – 29 March 1920) was a Tagish First Nation woman born near Lake Bennett. She lived with her parents, and seven sisters and brothers, near Carcross, Yukon. Her father, Kaachgaawáa, was the head of the Tlingit crow clan, while her mother, Gus’dutéen, was a member of the Tagish wolf clan.[1] Her name in Tlingit means "gumboot mother".
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[edit] Early years
As a young woman, she married her first cousin, Kult’ús. In the early 1880s, her husband and their infant daughter died of influenza in Alaska, at which time Shaaw Tláa returned to her village. It was here, in 1887, that Shaaw Tláa's brother, Keish (Skookum Jim Mason), and nephew, Dawson Charlie (Káa Goox) started a packing, hunting, and prospecting partnership with George Washington Carmack, an American. She became Carmack's common-law wife within the year. She took the name Kate Carmack.[2]
Beginning in 1889, and for the next six years, the couple lived in the Forty Mile region. Carmack prospected, trapped, and traded, while Shaaw Tláa made winter clothing that she sold to miners. They had one daughter, Graphie Grace Carmack (born 1893, Fort Selkirk - 29 March 1920, Carcross).[3]
[edit] Gold discovery
Kate and her husband were fishing for salmon at the mouth of the Klondike River in August 1896, when a party led by her brother, and including two nephews, came looking for her. The party then discovered gold in Rabbit Creek (later renamed Bonanza Creek), setting in motion the Klondike Gold Rush.[4] Some accounts claim that Kate made the actual discovery.
After becoming wealthy, the Carmacks moved near Hollister, California to live with Carmack's sister, Rose Watson (later Rose Curtis). Subsequently, Carmack left California, Kate, Graphie, and his former partners. Kate and Graphie stayed with Rose.[5]
Carmack married Marguerite Laimee in 1900, in Olympia, Washington.[6] Kate, unable to prove she was Carmack's lawful wife, entitled to alimony, returned to Carcross in July 1901.
[edit] Later years
Keish built her a cabin near his, and daughter, Graphie attended mission and residential schools in Carcross and Whitehorse that were run by Bishop William Carpenter Bompas, before Graphie moved to Seattle, Washington.[7]
She died of influenza in 1920 in Carcross.
[edit] References
- SHAAW TLÁA (Kate Carmack). canadianmysteries.ca. Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
- Guide to the George W. Carmack Papers. lib.washington.edu. Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
[edit] External links
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carmack, Kate |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Shaaw Tláa |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | With her husband and brother, credited with making the gold discovery that led to the Klondike Gold Rush |
| DATE OF BIRTH | c. 1862 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | close to Lake Bennett (Canada) |
| DATE OF DEATH | 29 March 1920 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Carcross, Yukon |
