Karl Möbius

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Karl August Möbius
Born	February 7, 1825(1825-02-07) Eilenburg, Germany
Died	April 26, 1908 (aged 83) Berlin, Germany
Residence	Germany
Citizenship	German
Fields	Zoology, ecology
Institutions	University of Kiel Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin
Alma mater	Humboldt University University of Halle
Known for	Biocoenosis, ecology of oysters

Karl August Möbius (7 February 1825 in Eilenburg – 26 April 1908 in Berlin) was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology.

[edit] Early life

Möbius was born in the town of Eilenburg in Saxony. At the age of four he attended primary school at the Bergschule Eilenburg, and at the age of 12 he was sent by his father to train as a teacher. In 1844 he passed the exams with distinction and began working as teacher in Seesen, on the northwest edge of the Harz mountain range. In 1849 he began studying natural science and philosophy at Humboldt University in Berlin. After he graduated, he taught zoology, botany, Mineralogy, geography, physics, and chemistry at the Johanneum High School in Hamburg.

[edit] Oysters and ecology

In 1863 he opened the first German sea water aquarium, in Hamburg. In 1868, shortly after passing his doctoral examination at the University of Halle, he was appointed Professor of Zoology at the University of Kiel and the director of the Zoological Museum. Marine animals were among his main research interests and his first comprehensive work on the fauna of the Kieler Bucht already emphasized ecological aspects (Die Fauna der Kieler Bucht, co-authored by Heinrich Adolph Meyer, and published in two volumes in 1865 and 1872, respectively).

Between 1868 and 1870 he studied the ecology of oyster banks, primarily to determine the potential for oyster farming in coastal areas of Germany. This work resulted in two landmark publications: Über Austern- und Miesmuschelzucht und Hebung derselben an der norddeutschen Küste (1870, in English: On oyster and blue mussel farming in coastal areas of Northern Germany), and Die Auster und die Austernwirtschaft (In English: Oyster and oyster farming), in which he concluded that oyster farming was not a realistic option for Northern Germany. More importantly, he was first to describe in detail the interactions between the different organisms in the ecosystem of the oyster bank, coining the term "biocenose". This remains a key term in synecology (community ecology).

In 1888 Möbius became the director of the Zoological Collections of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, and Professor of Systematic and Geographical Zoology at the Kaiser Wilhelm University, Berlin, where he taught until he retired in 1905, at the age of 80.

[edit] External links

• Karl August Möbius (1825-1908)

Persondata
NAME	Möbius, Karl August
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German zoologist, ecologist
DATE OF BIRTH	February 7, 1825(1825-02-07)
PLACE OF BIRTH	Eilenburg, Germany
DATE OF DEATH	1908-4-26
PLACE OF DEATH	Berlin, Germany