Jus gladii

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In Latin jus (ius) gladii literally means "the right of the sword", referring to the legal authority of an individual or group to execute someone for a capital offense.

[edit] Example

According to the New Testament account of the death of Jesus, the Jewish leaders had the right to imprison someone within their territory, but only the Roman rulers were permitted to claim jus gladii. Therefore, Jesus had to be brought up for judgment before the Romans in order for an execution to be legal.