Juan N. Méndez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Juan Nepomuceno Méndez (Tetela de Ocampo, Puebla, July 2, 1820 – November 29, 1894 in Mexico City) was a Mexican general, a Liberal politician and confidante of Porfirio Díaz, and interim president of the Republic for a few months during the Porfiriato. He served from December 6, 1876 until February 17, 1877.
Contents |
[edit] Before the presidency
Born in Tetela de Ocampo in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Méndez worked in commerce and livestock until 1847. In that year he enlisted in the army to fight the United States in the Mexican–American War. He continued in the army after the war, and on December 15, 1854 he was named commander of a battalion in the Puebla National Guard. His unit adhered to the Plan de Ayutla in 1854, and took an active part in the War of the Reform, the War of the French Intervention and the war opposing Emperor Maximilian.
He defended Puebla against the rebels of Zacapoaxtla in January 1856 and fought the Conservatives in the mountains of Puebla and Tlaxcala in 1857. The same year he was promoted to colonel of infantry. In 1858 he was made treasurer of the State of Puebla and prefect of the Department of Zacatlán.
He fought in the Battle of Puebla against the French on May 5, 1862, and took part in the defense of the city during the subsequent siege. On July 27, 1863 he was promoted to brigadier general. That year he was also named governor and military commander of Puebla.
He was later taken prisoner by the French, who sent him into exile on January 17, 1866. He managed to return to the country on July 31, 1866. On August 26, 1866 he became political chief of the Sierra Norte, and afterwards commander in chief of the forces of the State of Puebla.
Together with General Sóstenes Rocha, he took part in the siege of Querétaro in 1867. He was again named governor and military commander of Puebla on April 16, 1867, positions he held until January 15 of the following year.
He took part in the revolutions of La Noria (Díaz's unsuccessful 1871 revolt against Benito Juárez) and Tuxtepec (Díaz's successful 1876 revolt against Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada).
[edit] As interim president
With the success of the Plan de Tuxtepec, Díaz temporarily turned over the government to Méndez on December 6, 1876, in order to take the field to fight the partisans of José María Iglesias. Iglesias claimed to be the legal president of Mexico. As interim president, Méndez called elections, which Díaz won. Méndez's term ended on February 17, 1877, with the return of Díaz to the presidency.
[edit] After the presidency
Méndez entered the Senate in 1877, where he worked to end the military draft. He was a senator until 1880. He was governor of Puebla for a third time, from October 1, 1880 to January 31, 1885. On February 3, 1885 he became president of the Supreme Military Court, where he served until his death in Mexico City in 1894. He left no property or money.
His wife was Trinidad González y Castruera.
[edit] References
- (Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
- (Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
[edit] External links
- (Spanish) Brief biography
| Preceded by Porfirio Díaz |
(Interim) President of Mexico 1876 - 1877 |
Succeeded by Porfirio Díaz |
