Joshua Scottow
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Born in England circa 1618.
Died at Boston, Massachusetts, January 20, 1698.
Joshua Scottow was a colonial American merchant and the author of two histories of early New England: Old Men's Tears for Their Own Declensions (1691) and A Narrative of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony Anno 1628 (1694).
Scottow emigrated to Massachusetts between 1630 and 1634 with his widowed mother Thomasina and older brother Thomas. He settled in Boston and was admitted to membership in the Old (South) Church in 1639. He married Lydia (surname unknown) in 1640, and they had seven children. He acquired considerable wealth trading with Acadia (Quebec), dealing in waterfront property, and developing frontier settlements near Scarborough, Maine. He served as a captain in King Philip's War. He was survived by his wife and four children, three daughters and a son Thomas, who graduated from Harvard College in 1677.
Scottow was a devout supporter of the Massachusetts theocracy. His two histories are examples of a rhetorical form popular in Puritan New England known as the jeremiad, the importance of which was demonstrated by Perry Miller and again, with different emphasis, by Sacvan Bercovitch. Miller’s famous “declension thesis” derives its name from Scottow’s title. Both histories declare that the founding generation of New England was “animated as with one soul” for the achievement of a millennial religious mission and that the present (1690s) generation has lost its focus and loyalties. Scottow’s language is replete with biblical and classical references; and he applies the biblical signs and figures to demonstrate New England’s providential destiny, while at the same time lamenting the woeful present state of a society confounded by internal “declension” and threatened by Indians, Quakers, witches, imperial officials, and the French. Scottow’s Christian typology and typological exegesis are used to resolve the apparent contradictions between New England’s current fallen state and both its “original” mission and its guaranteed millennial destiny.
Works:
Old Men's Tears for Their Own Declensions (1691) (Online edition, PDF)
A Narrative of the Planting of the Massachusetts Colony Anno 1628 (1694) (Online edition, PDF)
He edited and published the collection of early documents MASSACHUSETTS: or The first Planters of New-England, The End and Manner of their coming thither, and Abode there: In several EPISTLES (1696) (Online edition, PDF) containing materials by John Winthrop, Thomas Dudley, John Allin, Thomas Shepard, and John Cotton.
Scottow is also credited with translating portions of an anti-Anabaptist or anti-Quaker work by Guy de Brès, La racine, source et fondement des anabaptistes ou rebaptisez de nostre temps (Rouen, 1565). This was published as Johannes Becoldus Redivivus (London, 1659) and as The Rise, Spring and Foundation of the Anabaptists, or Re-baptized of Our Time (Cambridge, Mass., 1668).
Anne Myles has recently shown that Scottow was the compiler of Divine Consolations for Mourners in Sion (1664), a work derived from Foxe's Book of Martyrs.
References:
“Memoir of Joshua Scottow,” Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 2nd series, 4 (1816), 100–104
George M. Bodge, Soldiers in King Philip’s War (1906), chap. 23. [1]
“Sketch of Captain Joshua Scottow,” Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 10 (1906), 370–378
Perry Miller, The New England Mind (1953)
Bernard Bailyn, The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century (1955)
Sacvan Bercovitch, The Puritan Origins of the American Self (1975)
American Writers Before 1800: A Biographical and Critical Dictionary (1984), v.3, 1283–1285. [2]
Dennis Powers, “Purpose and Design in Joshua Scottow’s Narrative,” Early American Literature 18, 3 (1983), 275–290
Julie Helen Ott, “Lydia and Her Daughters: A Boston Matrilineal Case Study,” NEHGS Nexus, 9, 1 (1992) [3]
Anne Myles, “Restoration Declensions, Divine Consolations: The Work of John Foxe in 1664 Massachusetts,” New England Quarterly, March 2007, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 35-68.
