Joseph Plachutta
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Joseph Plachutta, also Josef Plachutta or Josip Plahuta (* 13 May 1827 in Zadar, Austrian Empire, today's Croatia, † 22 July 1883) was a Slovene descent chess problemist and chess player, known for his famous problem with Plachutta theme.
Solution:
1.Qf3! (threat 2.d4 mate)
1...Nxc5 2.Rg7! (this is the actual Plachutta. threats 3.Qg3 and 3.Bc7)
2...Rgxg7 3.Bc7+ Rxc7 4.Qg3#
2...Rhxg7 3. Qg3+ Rxg3 4.Bc7#