José Correia da Serra

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Abbé Correa, by Domenico Pellegrini (1759-1840).
Abbé Correa, by Domenico Pellegrini (1759-1840).

José Francisco Correia da Serra (1750-1823) was a Portuguese polymath - philosopher, diplomat, statesman, politician and scientist.[1] In some circumstances, he was also known as Abbé Correa[2]

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[edit] An eventful life

Correia da Serra was born at Serpa, in Alentejo, in 1750, and was educated at Rome, where he took holy orders. In 1777 he returned to Lisbon, where he was one of the founders of the Academia das Ciências de Lisboa in 1779 (then called Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa; English: Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon).

His published writings brought him into conflict with reactionary members of the religious and political hierarchy in Portugal.

In 1786, he fled to France, and remained there till the death of Portuguese King-consort Pedro III, when he again returned to his homeland, but political difficulties forced him to leave the country again. He went to England, where he found a protector in Sir Joseph Banks, who was President of the Royal Society.[3] With Banks' support, he was easily elected a fellow of the society.

In 1797, he was appointed secretary to the Portuguese embassy in London, but a quarrel with the ambassador drove him once more to Paris (1802). He would stay in Paris for the next eleven years.

In 1813, he left Europe for the New World, arriving first in New York. His travels took him several times to Montecello, the home of former President Thomas Jefferson where his political views found a fulsome reception.[4]

In 1816, he was made Portuguese minister-plenipotentiary at Washington D.C..[4]

In 1820 he was recalled home to Portugal, where he was appointed a member of the financial council, and elected to a seat in the "General Extraordinary and Constituent Cortes of the Portuguese Nation", but he died only three years later.[5]

[edit] Works

  • Colecção de livros inéditos da história Portuguesa, 4 vols., 1790-1816.

Articles:[6]

  • "On the fructification of the submersed Algae," Philosophical Transactions, 1799, pp. 494-505.
  • "On a submarine forest on the coast of England," Philosophical Transactions, 1799, pp. 145-155.
  • "On two genera of plants belonging to the natural family of the Aurantia," Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. 5, pp. 218-226.
  • "On the Doryantha, a new genius of plants from New Holland next akin to the Agave," Transactions of the Linnean Society, 6, pp. 211-213.
  • "Observations sur la famille des oranges et sur les limites qui la circonscrivent," Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 6, pp. 376-386.
  • "Mémoire sur la germination du nelumbo," Annales du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, 13, 174.
  • "Vues Carpologiques/Observations Carpologiques," Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, 8, 9, 10.
  • "Mémoire sur la valeur du périsperme, considerée comme caractère d’affinité des plantes", Bulletin de la Société Philomatique, 11, 350.
  • "De l’état des Sciences, et des lettres en Portugal, à la fin du dixhuitième siècle," Archives litteraires de l’Europe, Vol. I, 1804.
  • "Sur l’agriculture des arabes en Espagne", Archives Littéraires de l’Europe, 2, pp. 239-404.
  • "Observations and conjectures on the formation and nature of the soil of Kentucky," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1811.
  • "Considerations générales sur l’etat passé et futur de l’Europe," The American Review, 1812.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Diogo, Maria Paula Diogo, Ana Carneiro1 and Ana Simões. "The Portuguese naturalist Correia da Serra (1751–1823) and his impact on early nineteenth-century botany," Journal of the History of Biology." (June, 2001) 34:2, 353-393.
  2. ^ Kenneth Maxwell (2000), Was Brazil Different? The Contexts of Independence, Harvard University, John Parry Memorial Lecture.
  3. ^ Archives of the Royal Society.
  4. ^ a b Monicello.org., Jose Correia da Serra
  5. ^ 1911 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica.
  6. ^ Science in Portugal web site

[edit] See also

  • Royal Society -- Correia da Serra was elected to membership in the Society in 1796; and his nomination letter has been posted with other membership records at the Royal Society web site.
"Mr Joseph Correa de Serra, LLD, Secretary to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon, of Pentonville, being desirous of becoming a Fellow of the Royal Society, we the underwritten, believing him to be highly worthy of the honour he solicits, do, on our personal knowledge, recommend him as likely to prove a valuable member."
Those signing his Certificate of Election and Candidature were: Jas Edwd Smith; A M Lambert; E W Gray; Maxwell Garthshore; Saml Solly; J Rennell; Wm Marsden

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