User:Jonathan Oldenbuck/drafts
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[edit] Aberdeenshire
- see also The Nine Castles of Knuckle, the area preceding modern Buchan.
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Ownership | location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aberdeen Castle | No remains | N/A | Aberdeen NJ945064 | Destroyed June 1308 | ||
| Balmoral Castle | Baronial house | 1856 | Still in use as a residence | The Crown | NO254950 | On the site of a 15th century castle |
| Birse Castle | Tower house | Rebuilt 1911 | ||||
| Bognie Castle | 17th century | Ruined | Huntly | Also known as Conzie Castle | ||
| Braemar Castle | Tower house | 17th century | Still in use as a residence | Braemar NO155923 | ||
| Cairnbulg Castle | Z-plan tower house | 14th century | Cairnbulg | Also known as Philorth Castle, one of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | ||
| Castle of Park | ||||||
| Corgarff Castle | Tower house | c.1550 | Preserved | Historic Scotland | Strathdon NJ254086 | |
| Craigievar Castle | Tower house | 1626 | Preserved | NTS | NJ556093 | |
| Craigston Castle | Tower house | 1607 | NJ762550 | |||
| Crathes Castle | Tower house | 1596 | Preserved | NTS | Banchory | |
| Castle Fraser | Z-plan tower house | 1636 | NTS | Inverurie | ||
| Delgatie Castle | 16th century | Occupied | Private | Turriff | ||
| Drum Castle | Tower house with additions | 13th century, 16th century | Preserved | NTS | Drumoak | |
| Drumtochty Castle | Castellated house | 1812 | ||||
| Dundarg Castle | Ruined | One of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | ||||
| Dunnideer Castle | Tower house | c.1260 | Ruined | |||
| Dunnottar Castle | 5th-16th century | Ruined | Historic Scotland | NO880838 | ||
| Eden Castle | ||||||
| Fasque Castle | Baronial house | 1809 | Occupied | Private | ||
| Fetteresso Castle | Castellated house | 1761 | Occupied as flats | Private | ||
| Findlater Castle | 14th century | Ruined | NJ540671 | |||
| Forbes Castle | ||||||
| Fyvie Castle | Tower house | 13th century with additions | Preserved | NTS | ||
| Esselmont Castle | ||||||
| Glenbuchat Castle | Z-plan tower house | 1590 | Ruined | Historic Scotland | ||
| Hatton Castle | Z-plan tower house | 1575 | Occupied | Private | NJ397148 | |
| Huntly Castle | L-plan tower house | 15th to 17th century | Ruined | Historic Scotland | NJ532408 | |
| Inverallochy Castle | Ruined | One of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | ||||
| Invercauld Castle | ||||||
| Inverugie Castle | ||||||
| Kildrummy Castle | Castle of enceinte | 12th century | Ruined | Historic Scotland | NJ451165 | |
| Kincardine Castle | ||||||
| Kinnaird Castle | 1570 | In use as a lighthouse | Northern Lighthouse Board | NJ998675 | Now the Museum of Scottish Lighthouses, one of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | |
| Kinnairdy Castle | ||||||
| Kindrochit Castle | 1059 | |||||
| Knock Castle | Ruined | Historic Scotland | ||||
| Leslie Castle | Tower house | 14th century | Still in use as a residence | Private | ||
| Lonmay Castle | No remains | NK061608 | One of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | |||
| Muchalls Castle | L-plan tower house | 13th and 17th century | ||||
| Newe Castle | No remains | |||||
| Pitsligo Castle | Also known as Pitsligo Palace, one of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | |||||
| Pitullie Castle | One of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | |||||
| Castle of Rattray | Motte | From 12th century | No remains | NK088578 | One of the Nine Castles of Knuckle | |
| Ravenscraig Castle | ||||||
| Slains Castle | Tower house, rebuilt as castellated house | 1597, rebuilt 1837 | Ruined | Private | ||
| Terpersie Castle | ||||||
| Tolquhon Castle | Courtyard castle | 1589 | Ruined | Historic Scotland | NJ872286 |
[edit] TOC
[edit] William Bruce
Little is known of Bruce's youth, and his date of birth is unrecorded. He was probably born at Blairhall in western Fife, in around 1630, the second son of Robert Bruce of Blairhall and Katherine Preston. He may have attended St Andrews University in 1637-1638, which would suggest his birth date was as early as 1625.[1] The Bruces were a well-connected Episcopalian family, strongly loyal to the king, and descended from Thomas Bruce, a cousin of King Robert The Bruce, who had been granted lands in Clackmannan and Fife.[2] Bruce's first cousin Edward Bruce was created Earl of Kincardine in 1643.
Letters in the Earl of Kincardine's papers show that William Bruce was in exile in Rotterdam during the 1650s with his cousin, Alexander Bruce, brother of the Earl of Kincardine. As Episcopalians, William and Alexander would have sought refuge from the Puritan Commonwealth established by Oliver Cromwell In Rotterdam, they were in contact with Sir Robert Moray, a soldier and natural philosopher close to Charles II, who then resided at Maastricht. William Bruce was a merchant, based in the Scottish community in Rotterdam, but travelling widely. He owned a ship with Alexander Bruce and John Hamilton of Grange, and was involved in the trade of wine, coal and timber between France, England, Scotland and the Low Countries. He is recorded as having a house and a mistress in La Rochelle. In 1658, William and Alexander travelled together from Bremen overland to Maastricht to meet Moray. Alexander Bruce and Moray were founder members of the Royal Society in 1660, and it is likely that architecture featured in their discussions, particularly the new town hall in Maastricht that Moray had advised on.[3]
In 1659 Bruce acted as a messenger between General Monck, Cromwell's commander-in-chief in Scotland and the exiled King Charles II. A passport survives, issued to Bruce by Monck in September 1659, and giving him permission to remainin Scotland until his "returne to Holland,"[4] and it appears that the messages he brought from Charles persuaded Monck to march his army to London, a decisive event in the Restoration.[5] The nature of their communications is not known, although it would appear that Moray selected him for the task.[3] Sir Robert Douglas stated that Bruce "painted the distress and distractions" of Scotland before the General, and suggested to him "the glory that would be acquired in restoring the royal family."[6]
- Dunbar, John (1970) Sir William Bruce 1630-1710. Scottish Arts Council
- Ottenheym, Konrad (2007) "Dutch Influence in William Bruce's Architecture", Architectural Heritage Vol. XVII, pp.135-144
- Wemyss, Charles (2005) "Merchant and Citizen of Rotterdam: The Early Career of Sir WIlliam Bruce". Architectural Heritage Vol. XVI
[edit] William Adam
Adam's architectural style has been described as "exuberant",[citation needed] "eclectic",[citation needed] and "individual".[citation needed] He used a wide variety of sources for his designs, and created an inventive personal style of decoration.[7]
His chief influences were from English Palladianism, and several of his houses have been likened to designs reproduced in Colen Campbell's Vitruvius Britannicus, but Adam mixed these with English Baroque motifs from Gibbs and Vanbrugh.[8][9] He relied greatly on a range of French, Italian and English pattern books, including Gibbs' Book of Architecture, from which he borrowed freely with little regard for consistency of sytle.[7] In addition, he took inspiration from earlier Scottish renaissance architecture, and from his predecessors Bruce and Smith.[10]
During his nearly 30-year career as an architect, Adam designed, extended or remodelled over 40 country houses, and undertook numerous public contracts.[11] He also laid out landscape garden schemes, for instance at Newliston and Taymouth Castle.[11]
Architecture was a straightforward matter; William Adam did not produce architectural theories, but concentrated on constructing and decorating sound buildings.
examples:
His early, unexecuted design for Dun House, a collaboration with the Earl of Mar, is interesting, as it appears to show a traditional tall Scottish tower house, complete with spiral stairs within the walls, but externally clad in neo-classical detailing; Adam clearly took some inspiration from the Scottish vernacular.[12]
At Balloch Castle (now Taymouth Castle), Adam's approach mirrored the work of Bruce at Balcaskie, extending a Scottish tower house to form a near-symmetrical architectural composition.[13]
[edit] Panmure
Panmure House was a country house in Monikie, Angus, Scotland. It was the seat of the Earl of Panmure.
Panmure House was designed by the king's master mason John Mylne, although he died before it was completed. The client was George Maule, 3rd Earl of Panmure. On Mylne's death, the work was continued by Alexander Nisbet, an Edinburgh mason, and the interior was fitted out by James Bain, the king's wright. Sir William Bruce was sometimes credited with the design in the past, and he did apparently advise the earl after Mylne's death, but he only designed the gates and gate piers.
The 3rd Earl died in 1671, and his son James, now 4th Earl, added the wings.
In the 19th century, the house was extended by David Bryce in the Scottish Baronial style. The house was demolished in the 1950s.
[edit] References
- Gow, Ian (2006). Scotland's Lost Houses. Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1845130510
[edit] Others
[edit] References
- ^ Dunbar, pp.1-2
- ^ Fenwick, p.xvi
- ^ a b Wemyss, Charles (2005) "Merchant and Citizen of Rotterdam: The Early Career of Sir WIlliam Bruce". Architectural Heritage Vol. XVI
- ^ Quoted in Colvin, p.173
- ^ Fenwick, p.4
- ^ Douglas, Robert The Baronage of Scotland, (Edinburgh 1798) p.245. Cited in Gifford (1989), p.52
- ^ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFriedman_37 - ^ Glendinning and McKechnie (2004), p.103
- ^ Gifford (1989), passim
- ^ McKean, p.258
- ^ a b Colvin, pp.56–59
- ^ Fleming, p.35
- ^ McKean, p.258
