User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/TEST9 Apolipoprotein E

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Apolipoprotein E, also known as APOE, is a human gene.

Apolipoprotein E
PDB rendering based on 1b68.
Available structures: 1b68, 1bz4, 1ea8, 1gs9, 1h7i, 1le2, 1le4, 1lpe, 1nfn, 1nfo, 1or2, 1or3
Identifiers
Symbol(s) APOE; AD2; MGC1571; apoprotein
External IDs OMIM: 107741 MGI: 88057 HomoloGene: 30951
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 348 11816
Ensembl ENSG00000130203 ENSMUSG00000002985
Uniprot P02649 n/a
Refseq NM_000041 (mRNA)
NP_000032 (protein)		 NM_009696 (mRNA)
NP_033826 (protein)
Location Chr 19: 50.1 - 50.1 Mb Chr 7: 18.85 - 18.86 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]


Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants.[1]


[edit] References

  1. ^ Entrez Gene: APOE apolipoprotein E. Retrieved on 2007-08-10.

[edit] Further reading

  • Mahley RW (1988). "Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology.". Science 240 (4852): 622-30. PMID 3283935. 
  • Strittmatter WJ, Roses AD (1995). "Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (11): 4725-7. PMID 7761390. 
  • de Knijff P, van den Maagdenberg AM, Frants RR, Havekes LM (1995). "Genetic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E and its influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.". Hum. Mutat. 4 (3): 178-94. doi:10.1002/humu.1380040303. PMID 7833947. 
  • Roses AD, Einstein G, Gilbert J, et al. (1996). "Morphological, biochemical, and genetic support for an apolipoprotein E effect on microtubular metabolism.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 777: 146-57. PMID 8624078. 
  • Beffert U, Danik M, Krzywkowski P, et al. (1998). "The neurobiology of apolipoproteins and their receptors in the CNS and Alzheimer's disease.". Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 27 (2): 119-42. PMID 9622609. 
  • Mahley RW, Ji ZS (1999). "Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein E.". J. Lipid Res. 40 (1): 1-16. PMID 9869645. 
  • Mahley RW, Rall SC (2002). "Apolipoprotein E: far more than a lipid transport protein.". Annual review of genomics and human genetics 1: 507-37. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.1.1.507. PMID 11701639. 
  • Parasuraman R, Greenwood PM, Sunderland T (2002). "The apolipoprotein E gene, attention, and brain function.". Neuropsychology 16 (2): 254-74. PMID 11949718. 
  • Bocksch L, Stephens T, Lucas A, Singh B (2003). "Apolipoprotein E: possible therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.". Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders 1 (2): 93-106. PMID 12769659. 
  • Masterman T, Hillert J (2004). "The telltale scan: APOE epsilon4 in multiple sclerosis.". Lancet neurology 3 (6): 331. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00763-X. PMID 15157846. 
  • Ashford JW (2004). "APOE genotype effects on Alzheimer's disease onset and epidemiology.". J. Mol. Neurosci. 23 (3): 157-65. PMID 15181244. 
  • Huang Y, Weisgraber KH, Mucke L, Mahley RW (2004). "Apolipoprotein E: diversity of cellular origins, structural and biophysical properties, and effects in Alzheimer's disease.". J. Mol. Neurosci. 23 (3): 189-204. PMID 15181247. 
  • Itzhaki RF, Dobson CB, Shipley SJ, Wozniak MA (2004). "The role of viruses and of APOE in dementia.". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1019: 15-8. doi:10.1196/annals.1297.003. PMID 15246985.