User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/TEST6 TNF-alpha

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tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)

PDB rendering based on 1a8m.

Available structures: 1a8m, 1tnf, 2az5, 2tun, 4tsv, 5tsw

Identifiers

Symbol(s)

TNF; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2

External IDs

OMIM: 191160 MGI: 104798 HomoloGene: 496

Gene ontology
Molecular Function:	• protein import into nucleus, translocation • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding • protein binding • extracellular space • soluble fraction • plasma membrane • glucose metabolic process • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • apoptosis • anti-apoptosis • humoral immune response • leukocyte adhesion • signal transduction • multicellular organismal development • induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors • response to virus • organ morphogenesis • integral to membrane • regulation of cell proliferation • defense response to bacterium • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade • cellular extravasation • regulation of osteoclast differentiation • positive regulation of transcription • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of translational initiation by iron • negative regulation of glucose import • positive regulation of JNK cascade • regulation of immunoglobulin secretion • activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor

Orthologs

Human

Mouse

n/a

Refseq

NM_000594 (mRNA)
NP_000585 (protein)

NM_013693 (mRNA)
NP_038721 (protein)

Location

Chr 6: 31.65 - 31.65 Mb

Chr 17: 34.81 - 34.81 Mb

Pubmed search

[1]

[2]

[edit] Summary

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.^[1]