User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/TEST5 TNF

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily
PDB rendering based on 1a8m.
Available structures: 1a8m, 1tnf, 2az5, 2tun, 4tsv, 5tsw
Identifiers
Symbol(s)	TNF; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2
External IDs	OMIM: 191160 MGI: 104798 HomoloGene: 496
Gene ontology Molecular Function: • protein import into nucleus, translocation • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation • cytokine activity • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding • protein binding • extracellular space • soluble fraction • plasma membrane • glucose metabolic process • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • apoptosis • anti-apoptosis • humoral immune response • leukocyte adhesion • signal transduction • multicellular organismal development • induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors • response to virus • organ morphogenesis • integral to membrane • regulation of cell proliferation • defense response to bacterium • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade • cellular extravasation • regulation of osteoclast differentiation • positive regulation of transcription • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of translational initiation by iron • negative regulation of glucose import • positive regulation of JNK cascade • regulation of immunoglobulin secretion • activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor
Orthologs
	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7124	21926
Ensembl	ENSG00000204490	ENSMUSG00000024401
Uniprot	P01375	n/a
Refseq	NM_000594 (mRNA) NP_000585 (protein)	NM_013693 (mRNA) NP_038721 (protein)
Location	Chr 6: 31.65 - 31.65 Mb	Chr 17: 34.81 - 34.81 Mb
Pubmed search	[1]	[2]

[edit] Summary

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.