User:JonSDSUGrad/Sandbox/TEST11 TNF-alpha

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2), also known as TNF, is a human gene.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
PDB rendering based on 1a8m.
Available structures: 1a8m, 1tnf, 2az5, 2tun, 4tsv, 5tsw
Identifiers
Symbol(s) TNF; DIF; TNF-alpha; TNFA; TNFSF2
External IDs OMIM: 191160 MGI: 104798 HomoloGene: 496
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 7124 21926
Ensembl ENSG00000204490 ENSMUSG00000024401
Uniprot P01375 Q0X0E6
Refseq NM_000594 (mRNA)
NP_000585 (protein)		 NM_013693 (mRNA)
NP_038721 (protein)
Location Chr 6: 31.65 - 31.65 Mb Chr 17: 34.81 - 34.81 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Entrez Gene: TNF tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2).

[edit] Further reading

  • Spriggs DR, Deutsch S, Kufe DW (1992). "Genomic structure, induction, and production of TNF-alpha.". Immunol. Ser. 56: 3-34. PMID 1550865. 
  • Taylor PC (2002). "Anti-TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.". Mol. Biotechnol. 19 (2): 153-68. PMID 11725485. 
  • Kollias G, Kontoyiannis D, Douni E, Kassiotis G (2002). "The role of TNF/TNFR in organ-specific and systemic autoimmunity: implications for the design of optimized 'anti-TNF' therapies.". Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. 5: 30-50. PMID 11826759. 
  • Ghezzi P, Mennini T (2002). "Tumor necrosis factor and motoneuronal degeneration: an open problem.". Neuroimmunomodulation 9 (4): 178-82. PMID 11847479. 
  • Smirnova MG, Kiselev SL, Gnuchev NV, et al. (2003). "Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the pathogenesis of the otitis media with effusion.". Eur. Cytokine Netw. 13 (2): 161-72. PMID 12101072. 
  • Gupta S (2003). "A decision between life and death during TNF-alpha-induced signaling.". J. Clin. Immunol. 22 (4): 185-94. PMID 12148593. 
  • Yucesoy B, Vallyathan V, Landsittel DP, et al. (2003). "Cytokine polymorphisms in silicosis and other pneumoconioses.". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 234-235 (1-2): 219-24. PMID 12162437. 
  • Kollias G, Kontoyiannis D (2003). "Role of TNF/TNFR in autoimmunity: specific TNF receptor blockade may be advantageous to anti-TNF treatments.". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (4-5): 315-21. PMID 12220546. 
  • Satoh J, Yagihashi S, Toyota T (2004). "The possible role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in diabetic polyneuropathy.". Exp. Diabesity Res. 4 (2): 65-71. PMID 14630568. 
  • Ceconi C, Boraso A, Mele D, et al. (2004). "TNFalpha in patients with congestive heart failure.". Basic Res. Cardiol. 99 (1): 12-7. doi:10.1007/s00395-003-0443-6. PMID 14685701. 
  • Meyer O (2004). "[Role of TNF-alpha and cytokines in the physiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Therapeutic perspectives]". Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 187 (5): 935-54; discussion 954-5. PMID 14979058. 
  • Muthumani K, Desai BM, Hwang DS, et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Vpr and anti-inflammatory activity.". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 239-47. doi:10.1089/104454904773819824. PMID 15142381. 
  • Aringer M, Smolen JS (2005). "Tumour necrosis factor and other proinflammatory cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: a rationale for therapeutic intervention.". Lupus 13 (5): 344-7. PMID 15230290. 
  • Rogliani P, Amicosante M, Berretta F, et al. (2006). "Role of the HLA-DP Glu 69 and the TNF-alpha TNF-alpha 2 gene markers in susceptibility to beryllium hypersensitivity.". International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology 17 (2 Suppl): 3-10. PMID 15345185. 
  • Stenvinkel P, Ketteler M, Johnson RJ, et al. (2005). "IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-alpha: central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia--the good, the bad, and the ugly.". Kidney Int. 67 (4): 1216-33. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00200.x. PMID 15780075. 
  • Zhao RY, Elder RT (2005). "Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation.". Cell Res. 15 (3): 143-9. doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7290279. PMID 15780175. 
  • Zhao RY, Bukrinsky M, Elder RT (2005). "HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) & host cellular responses.". Indian J. Med. Res. 121 (4): 270-86. PMID 15817944. 
  • Anderson JL, Hope TJ (2005). "HIV accessory proteins and surviving the host cell.". Current HIV/AIDS reports 1 (1): 47-53. PMID 16091223. 
  • Lin WJ, Yeh WC (2005). "Implication of Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling in septic shock.". Shock 24 (3): 206-9. PMID 16135957. 
  • Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines.". Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry 5 (12): 1093-101. PMID 16375755. 
  • Stove V, Verhasselt B (2006). "Modelling thymic HIV-1 Nef effects.". Curr. HIV Res. 4 (1): 57-64. PMID 16454711. 
  • Langin D, Arner P (2007). "Importance of TNFalpha and neutral lipases in human adipose tissue lipolysis.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17 (8): 314-20. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2006.08.003. PMID 16938460. 
  • Mukhopadhyay S, Hoidal JR, Mukherjee TK (2006). "Role of TNFalpha in pulmonary pathophysiology.". Respir. Res. 7: 125. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-7-125. PMID 17034639. 
  • Sykes MC, Mowbray AL, Jo H (2007). "Reversible glutathiolation of caspase-3 by glutaredoxin as a novel redox signaling mechanism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death.". Circ. Res. 100 (2): 152-4. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000258171.08020.72. PMID 17272816. 
  • Pereira TV, Rudnicki M, Franco RF, et al. (2007). "Effect of the G-308A polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene on the risk of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis.". Am. Heart J. 153 (5): 821-30. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.02.031. PMID 17452160. 
  • Clark IA (2007). "How TNF was recognized as a key mechanism of disease.". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18 (3-4): 335-43. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.04.002. PMID 17493863.