User:Johncoz/draftspace
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[edit] "Excluding majority Muslim ..."
Ref defs.[1]
Circumcision is near universal in the Middle East and Central Asia. WHO presents a map of estimated prevalence in which the level is generally low (< 20%) across the rest of Eurasia, and states that "there is generally little non-religious circumcision in Asia, with the exceptions of the Republic of Korea and the Philippines".[1] Prevalence in Latin America is universally low.[2]
- ^ a b Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. World Health Organisation/UNAIDS (February 2007).
- ^ Drain, PK; et al (November 2006). "Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries". BMC Infect Dis 30 (6): 172. doi:. PMID 17137513.
[edit] Plastibell
[edit] existing text
For infant circumcision, clamps, such as the Gomco clamp, Plastibell, and Mogen are often used.[1] Clamps cut the blood supply to the foreskin, limit any bleeding and protect the glans. Before using a clamp, the foreskin and the glans are separated with a blunt probe and/or curved hemostat.
- With the Plastibell, the foreskin and the clamp come away in three to seven days.
- With a Gomco clamp, a section of skin is first crushed with a hemostat then slit with scissors. The foreskin is drawn over the bell shaped portion of the clamp and inserted through a hole in the base of the clamp and the clamp is tightened, "crushing the foreskin between the bell and the base plate." The crushing limits bleeding (provides hemostasis). While the flared bottom of the bell fits tightly against the hole of the base plate, the foreskin is then cut away with a scalpel from above the base plate. The bell prevents the glans being reached by the scalpel.[2]
- With a Mogen clamp, the foreskin is grabbed dorsally with a straight hemostat, and lifted up. The Mogen clamp is then slid between the glans and hemostat, following the angle of the corona to "avoid removing excess skin ventrally and to obtain a superior cosmetic result," than with Gomco or Plastibell circumcisions. The clamp is locked shut, and a scalpel is used to cut the foreskin from the flat (upper) side of the clamp.[3][4]
[edit] Plastibell article text
The adhesions between glans and foreskin are divided with a probe. Then the foreskin is cut longitudinally to allow it to be retracted and the glans (the head of penis) to be exposed. The Plastibell comes in 6 sizes. The appropriate one is chosen and applied to the head (the circumcision pictured at right is in this stage). The ring is then covered over by the foreskin. A ligature is tied firmly around the foreskin, crushing the skin against the groove in the Plastibell. Then the excess skin protruding beyond the ring is trimmed off. Finally, the handle is broken off at the end of the procedure. The entire procedure takes five to ten minutes, depending on the experience and skill of the surgeon.
[edit] Proposed text v1.0
With the Plastibell, the adhesions between glans and foreskin are first divided with a probe. Then the foreskin is cut longitudinally and the Plastibell placed over the glans and covered over by the foreskin. A ligature is tied firmly around the foreskin, crushing the skin against the groove in the Plastibell, and the excess skin protruding beyond the ring is trimmed off. The remnant foreskin and clamp come away in three to seven days.[5]
Word Count: = 74 Gomco Word Count = 102
[edit] Draft edit for circumcision page v1.9
Estimates of the proportion of males that are circumcised worldwide vary from one-sixth[8] to a third.[9] WHO has estimated that 664,500,000 males aged 15 and over are circumcised (30% global prevalance), with almost 70% of these being Muslim.[6] Excluding majority Muslim countries and Israel, prevalence in Latin America[10] and Eurasia[6] is generally less than 20%[11] with the notable exceptions of the Philippines, which has a prevalence greater than 80%,[12] and South Korea, which is approaching that level.[13] Estimates for individual countries include Spain[12], Columbia[14] and Denmark[15] less than 2%, Finland[16] and Brazil[12] 7%, Taiwan[17] 9% and Thailand[12] 13%.
WHO estimates prevalence in the United States and Canada at 75% and 30%, respectively.[6] Prevalence in Africa varies from less than 20% in some southern African countries to near universal in North and West Africa.[10] The circumcision rate has declined sharply in Australia since the 1970s, leading to an age-graded fall in prevalence, with a 2000-01 survey finding 32% of those aged 16-19 years circumcised, 50% for 20-29 years and 64% for those aged 30-39 years.[18][19] Prevalence in the UK is also age-graded, with 12% of those aged 16-19 years circumcised, and 20% of those aged 40-44 years.[20]
[edit] Word counts
Existing text=197 Original proposed text=203 Current proposed text=195
[edit] Eurasia table
The following is a tabular form of the WHO map reconciled against main prevalence of circumcision article, the majority Muslim countries table, the Islam by country table, and an atlas, constructed for the purpose of assisting discussion of the Eurasia sentence.
[edit] Combined references for page
- ^ a b Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalence, safety and acceptability. World Health Organisation/UNAIDS (February 2007).
- ^ Drain, PK; et al (November 2006). "Male circumcision, religion, and infectious diseases: an ecologic analysis of 118 developing countries". BMC Infect Dis 30 (6): 172. doi:. PMID 17137513.
