Talk:Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

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[edit] To Do

  • add info about colleges
  • add info about traditions
  • add notable faculty
  • add more history (founding of urology, neurosurgery, etc.)
I'll add "thin out the massive list of Hopkins firsts" to your list of things this article could use. We should aim to narrow this down to only a handful of the most important and globally interesting accomplishments (a tough proposition, I know), and ultimately make it a prose article instead of a bulleted list form. Antelan talk 20:41, 4 May 2007 (UTC)
agreed - will try to do this when i get time, unless someone else gets to it first

162.129.251.29 05:54, 7 May 2007 (UTC)Jamez

[edit] Milestones

Since several more of these would be good additions to the page, I'm storing them here for now until I can get the list down to the 5 or 10 most relevant and interesting pieces. Antelan talk 02:00, 10 June 2007 (UTC)

  • Discovered that some prostaglandins, produced by the enzyme COX-2, can protect brain cells from damage after strokes.
  • Identified C-reactive protein (CRP), already a known marker of inflammation associated with increased risk of heart disease, as an indicator of colon cancer risk.
  • Identified creatinine, a breakdown product of muscle, as a new predictor of coronary heart disease.
  • Developed a blood test that can predict the onset of liver cancer in hepatitis B patients.
  • Discovered that nitric oxide, a chemical messenger involved in functions ranging from erection to nerve communication, also shuts down a protein involved in Parkinson’s disease, providing a new target for developing treatments to slow or stop the disease.
  • Identified a gene that when altered makes cells and animals age prematurely and die, providing a new target for therapies that force cancer cells to an early death.
  • Directed stem cells to overcome a basic hurdle in restoring function to severely damaged central nervous systems by enabling new motor neurons to migrate through the spinal cord in rats.
  • Combined real-time positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) to create a sensitive tool for identifying patients whose non-small cell lung cancer has not yet spread to lymph nodes.
  • Found that men over 50 with high blood levels of testosterone have an increased risk of prostate cancer, casting doubt on the safety of testosterone replacement therapy.
  • Found that glamorized images of violence on television and rap videos can be countered by open discussions with at-risk children and teenagers, showing them pictures of what violence-induced wounds actually look like.
  • Found that supplemental oxygen delivered through the nose may improve poor vision caused by diabetic macular edema, a fluid buildup in the part of the eye responsible for central vision often afflicting diabetic patients.
  • Engineered experiments in fruit flies showing that lost sperm-making stem cells are replaced not by the work of remaining stem cells but by reversal of more specialized cells, one of the first examples of an artificially triggered reversal of cell destiny.
  • Developed the basis of an inexpensive, simple urine test that identifies impending kidney failure or rejection following transplants.
  • Collaborated on research that found the effectiveness of tamoxifen, a commonly used breast cancer drug, is decreased by a gene mutation in some women and by some frequently prescribed antidepressants.
  • Found that a drug called atrasentan reduces the risk by 20 percent that cancer will progress in men with advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer, potentially postponing more aggressive therapy.
  • Co-developed a new treatment for thyroid cancer using a genetically engineered thyroid stimulating hormone that avoids most of the debilitating side effects of current postsurgical treatment.
  • Helped obtain the first evidence that the myostatin protein normally limits muscle growth in people, just as it does in mice, a finding which means that myostatinblocking drugs, now in Phase 1 clinical trials, are likely to help people with muscle wasting conditions.
  • Found that children who outgrow a peanut allergy have a slight chance of recurrence, but the risk is much lower in children who frequently eat peanuts or peanut products.
  • Reported that a new, minimally invasive surgical technique, performed by inserting a flexible, mini-telescope and related surgical tools through the mouth, could dramatically change the way surgery is practiced by avoiding major abdominal incisions.
  • Developed what is believed to be the first successful gene therapy in animals that mimics the action of calcium channel blockers, agents widely used in the treatment of heart diseases.
  • Showed that it may be possible to “educate” the immune system to recognize rather than destroy human embryonic stem cells, thereby reducing the risk of rejection if the primitive cells someday are transplanted into people with conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or diabetes.
  • Tested a new molecular method for detecting cancer in a blood sample with as few as 50 cells, a procedure that may be especially helpful in finding scarce cancer cells in breast fluid.
  • Participated in a three-year international study showing that docetaxel, a drug made from yew tree needles, extends the life of advanced-stage prostate cancer patients resistant to hormone therapy, decreasing their chance of dying by 24 percent.
  • Demonstrated that modern implanted heart assist devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators can be safe for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines.
  • Designed a blood test to detect ovarian cancer using three proteins found in the blood of women with the disease.
  • Solidified evidence that withdrawal symptoms from caffeine are worthy of inclusion in DSM, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
  • Determined that having a sibling with early heart disease is a better predictor of a person’s likelihood of developing coronary heart disease than parental history or traditional risk-factor scoring.
  • Found that episiotomy, a routine widening of the vagina during a complicated birth, does not reduce the risk of injury to infants, which should prevent unnecessary trauma to mothers and babies.
  • Built a powerful “toolkit” that quickly uncovers how yeast’s genes interact with each other. Because 60 percent of yeast genes have at least one clear human counterpart, the toolkit should advance therapies for cancers or fungal infections.
  • Developed a fast and safe method for collecting heart stem cells from small amounts of biopsied heart tissue and growing them in the lab to facilitate rebuilding destroyed heart muscle.
  • Determined that the use of high-dose vitamin E supplements, in excess of 400 IU (international units) per day, increases the risk of death.
  • Discovered evidence that the brains of some people with autism show clear signs of inflammation, suggesting that the disease may be associated with activation of the brain’s immune system.
  • Showed that the number of catheter-related bloodstream infections, which lead to 28,000 deaths a year, can be nearly eliminated if ICUs implement cheap and simple interventions, such as streamlining the catheter insertion process and using a safety checklist.
  • Determined that two weekend doses of atropine eyedrops are just as effective as daily eyedrop treatments for treating children with lazy eye—the first time these two treatment techniques have been compared.
  • Identified a gene that functions as an oncogene (or cancer-causing gene) and may play a key role in the development of leukemia and other cancers in children and adults.
  • Researchers find that patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) whose care is managed by "intensivists" – physicians specially trained in critical care medicine – have a greater chance of survival and shorter hospitalizations. (2002)
  • Scientists discover that in vitro fertilization (IVF) appears to be associated with a rare combination of birth defects characterized by excessive growth of various tissues. (2002)
  • A study shows that two proteins, C-reactive protein and albumin, are accurate predictors of heart attack or stroke in kidney dialysis patients. (2002)
  • Scientists successfully detect ovarian cancer using a blood test for DNA shed by tumors. (2002)
  • An animal study shows a battery-operation compression belt buckled around the chest restores blood flow better than manual chest compressions and conventional CPR. (2002)
  • Scientists who first discovered that knocking out a particular muscle gene results in "mighty mice" report that the procedure also softens the effects of a genetic mutation that causes muscular dystrophy. (2002)
  • Researchers unravel the mystery of how bilirubin, the molecule associated with better health if there's just a little more of it than normal, also can be the root of the yellow color in jaundice and, at high levels, can cause brain damage in newborns. (2002)
  • Building on previous work, researchers learn that even older children with a rare congenital disorder associated with epilepsy can end or reduce severe seizures through hemispherectomy, a procedure in which half the brain is removed, researchers find. (2002)
  • Researchers find that men infected with a combination of hepatitis B virus and HIV are 17 times more likely to die from liver disease than men infected with hepatitis B alone.(2002)
  • Scientists discover how a common cancer-causing gene controls the switch for tumor blood vessel growth known as angiogenesis, pinpointing a new target to squeeze off a tumor’s blood supply.(2002)
  • For the first time, scientists show that primitive fat cells must copy themselves at least twice before than can mature into full-fledged fat-storing cells, providing new targets for understanding and treating obesity.(2002)
  • Co-developed a new rat model of ALS (also called Lou Gehrig's disease), a discovery that should speed understanding of this neurodegenerative disorder and possible treatments (2002).
  • Developed a safe and reliable stool test based on a genetic marker that detects the earliest, curable stages of colon cancer (2002).
  • Showed for the first time that a single kind of cell in the retina seems to detect light both to set the body's internal "clock" and to bring vision to the brain (2002).
  • Discovered how tiny cells in the inner ear change sound into an electrical signal the brain can understand, a finding that could greatly improve the design of hearing aids and cochlear implants to restore hearing (2002).
  • Demonstrated that putting a dab of antibiotic ointment inside the nose of patients prevents at least half of all surgical wound and hospital-based infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (2002).
  • Found what is believed to be the first solid evidence that genes in human pluripotent stem cells and their offspring work normally, a finding that adds hope that therapies using these cells will be safe and effective in humans (2002).
  • Demonstrated that interfering with the response to Hedgehog, a crucial signaling protein that tells other cells what to become during an embryo's development, may be useful in treating medulloblastoma, the most common brain cancer in children (2002).
  • Unraveled the complicated genetics of an inherited intestinal disorder called Hirschsprung's disease that is responsible for severe disability in 1 in 5,000 live births this opens the door to sorting out the genes responsible for a host of other multi-gene disorders (2002).
  • Developed the first biologic pacemaker for the heart, paving the way for a genetically engineered alternative to implanted electronic pacemakers (2002).
  • Co-discovered 170 genes involved in both Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis, a finding that led to the first genetic profile for these two inflammatory bowel diseases and to progress in developing new treatments for them (2001).
  • Discovered a novel method of genetically modifying allergy-causing agents such as ragweed, experiments that may lead to faster, safer and more effective vaccines for preventing and treating asthma and hay fever (2001).
  • Provided some of the first clear evidence that transplanted bone marrow stem cells can not only make new bone marrow, but also play a role in healing other tissues and organs (2001).
  • Helped discover the first gene directly involved in causing Crohn's disease, one of the two major bowel diseases affecting nearly 500,000 Americans (2001).
  • Successfully used a modified form of bone marrow transplants to treat sickle cell anemia in animals, adding support to human tests of the treatment under way (2001).
  • Led a team that discovered how precancerous moles progress to melanomas, the most deadly skin cancer, a finding that could serve as an early and simpler diagnostic test for the disease (2001).
  • Demonstrated that a special high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet cuts in half the number of seizures in 50 percent of children with severe seizure disorders, and allows many of these children to eliminate the use of anti-seizure drugs altogether (2001).
  • Demonstrated that a particular aquaporin (the protein that help regulate cells' balance of water) helps preserve the blood brain barrier but also contributes to brain swelling, opening new avenues of inquiry for treating potentially lethal brain swelling from injury and stroke (2001).
  • Identified a gene defect linked to interstitial lung disease, a common and dangerous disorder in premature infants (2001).
  • Identified a key enzyme in the brain that forms a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (2000).
  • Used stem cell grafts to restore movement to limbs of paralyzed animals, a major advance in efforts to overcome paralysis in humans (2000).
  • Discovered that a genetic mutation linked to cystic fibrosis may also predispose people to sinus infections (2000).
  • Discovered a new family of genes that contributes to aggressive forms of childhood cancer, as well as cancers of the prostate, ovaries, lung and breast (2000).
  • Identified a compound called C75 that rapidly and temporarily turns off appetite and causes weight loss in test animals (2000).
  • Implicated a sexually transmitted virus called HPV in the development of cancers of the head and neck (2000).
  • Developed a new way of using mechanical ventilators to treat patients with severe lung injuries, dramatically reducing deaths among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2000).
  • Developed a technology that makes it possible to detect accurately -- nearly 100 percent of the time -- genetic alterations linked to inherited diseases (2000).
  • Identified the molecular abnormality responsible for the sudden heart failure that strikes after open heart surgery, opening the door to prevention (2000).
  • Reduced vision loss in macular degeneration patients via photodynamic therapy and translocation surgery (1999).
  • Identified a new and unusual nerve transmitter, as well as its biological source, in the human brain -- work that promises to advance drug treatments for stroke (1999).
  • Identified a single gene variation that may explain key individual differences in pain sensitivity (1999).
  • Developed an inexpensive, safe and effective drug regimen for preventing HIV transmission from an infected mother to her newborn (1999).
  • Identified a drug that stops the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye, an advance that could have sight-saving implications for millions of people with blinding complications of diabetes (1999).
  • Discovered a genetic "switch" that can at least temporarily quiet firing nerve cells, a finding with implications for treating epilepsy, heart rhythm disturbances and severe pain (1999).
  • Isolated and cultivated human embryonic stem cells, the primordial cells which give rise to all body tissues (1998).
  • Discovered the genetic alteration linked to common forms of colon cancer in normal cells, potentially offering a means of predicting as many as 40 percent of new colon cancers before they actually begin (1998).
  • Identified genetic mutations heavily involved in more than half of all inherited cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), speeding development of a diagnostic test (1998).
  • Discovered the gene that regulates other genes critical for normal photoreceptor development in the retina, and showed that mutations in this gene cause several human retinal diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa (1998).
  • Developed a test that spots adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) carriers with 99 percent accuracy (1998).
  • Started testing gene therapy for early heart disease (1998).
  • Mapped the first major cancer gene to the X chromosome, thus explaining how prostate cancer can be passed through the mother (1998).
  • Provided first reliable evidence of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia (1998).
  • Discovered the unique molecular defect that now can simplify diagnosis of polycythemia vera, the blood disorder first described by Sir William Osler (1998).
  • Confirmed with extensive evidence that a specific high-fat, low carbohydrate diet helps many children with epilepsy, especially those who do not respond to medicines (1998).
  • Confirmed a gene related to manic-depressive psychosis is located on chromosome 18 (1997).
  • Genetically engineered mice to grow herculean muscles, a finding with implications for treating muscular dystrophy and other muscle-wasting diseases (1997).
  • Mapped the first specific prostate cancer gene to chromosome 1 (1996).
  • Discovered the first inherited blood cell risk factor in platelets for "silent" heart disease in young adults (1996).
  • Developed an effective new treatment for brain tumors using biodegradable polymer implants (1996).
  • Identified a form of low blood pressure as the probable cause of chronic fatigue syndrome (1995).
  • Helped develop the first effective treatment for sickle cell anemia (1995).
  • Identified the gene that causes most forms of polycystic kidney disease, the most common inherited kidney disease (1995).
  • Developed a computer model that helps to predict how complicated proteins "fold," a technology that will help in recognizing the function of newly discovered genes (1995).
  • Identified a chemical in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, sulforaphane, that appears to inhibit the development of cancer and provides insight into wider investigations of chemical prevention of cancer (1993).
  • Identified a gene responsible for a widespread form of colon cancer (1993).
  • Isolated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a protein in all cells that regulates oxygen homeostasis and adaptation to oxygen deprivation, and plays a role in development of nutrient-supplying blood vessels necessary for tumor growth (1992).
  • Isolated the gene known as "Hedgehog," which carries the blueprint for a crucial signalling protein that tells other cells what to become during an embryo's development (1991).
  • Identified aquaporin, a protein that controls passage of water into and out of red blood cells and kidney cells, spawning research that now seems likely to impact treatment of brain swelling and certain lung and kidney diseases (1991). This discovery garnered a Nobel Prize in 2003 for the principal scientist.
  • Discovered that pennies worth of vitamin A supplements administered to Indonesian children as part of a blindness prevention program were accompanied by a dramatic drop in infant death rates, leading to similar vitamin treatments for thousands of children in developing countries (1983 - 86).
  • Developed nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy surgery that allows men to maintain quality of life (1982).
  • Identified the sites where heroin and other opiates act in the brain, a discovery that has important implications for the treatment of drug addicts and for the screening and development of new and potentially nonaddictive pain-killing drugs (1972).
  • Invented the first implantable, rechargeable pacemaker for cardiac disorders (1972).
  • Discovered restriction enzymes, the "biochemical scissors," and showed that they cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences and could be used to analyze DNA, thus giving birth to the entire new field of genetic engineering (1969 - 70). The discoverers were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1978 for their achievement.
  • Described the structure and function of the complement system, a complex set of enzymes that play an important role in human immunological defenses against cancer, bacteria and viruses (1961).
  • Developed oral rehydration therapy, which replaces food and electrolytes lost from the body during diarrheal disease (1960s).
  • Developed CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the technique of closed-chest cardiac massage to keep inert or fibrillating hearts pumping blood (1958).
  • Immunized chimpanzees with inactivated vaccines. This was essential to the development of the first widely used polio vaccine and a major step toward the prevention of poliomyelitis in human beings (1947-52).
  • Demonstrated that a safe, simple and inexpensive treatment, one dose of nevirapine, a common HIV-fighting drug, both to HIV-positive mothers during labor and one dose to their newborns, reduces transmission of HIV from mothers to babies.
  • Confirmed the lasting benefits of hemispherectomy, the dramatic operation in which half the brain is removed to relieve frequent, severe seizures that medications cannot control.
  • Found that the popular low-carbohydrate, high-fat Atkins diet may also have a role in preventing seizures in children with epilepsy.

[edit] Fair use rationale for Image:JHUMedlogo.jpg

Image:JHUMedlogo.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot 05:22, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Fair use rationale for Image:JHUSeal.png

Image:JHUSeal.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Wikipedia:Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 05:23, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

[edit] Copyvio issues and "notable faculty", etc.

I had to remove substantial portions of the article, as they were copied verbatim from the Hopkins Medicine website, in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy. I've left placeholder sections there so that people may add information back in in a non-copyvio manner. In addition, I feel that the lists of notable faculty and Nobel laureates and the information in the "in popular culture" are all redundant with the List of Johns Hopkins University people article. I can understand the rationale for having such information in the article about the Hopkins School of Medicine itself and I'm not out to gut the entire article, but the lists are pretty long, perhaps too long for this article. --Hnsampat (talk) 15:18, 25 November 2007 (UTC)