John of Rokycan
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John of Rokycan, also known as Jan of Rokycany, in Czech language Jan Rokycana, Jan z Rokycana and Jan z Rokycan (c. 1396 in Rokycany - February 21, 1471 in Prague) was a Hussite theologian, archbishop of Prague and a key figure in Bohemian church history.
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[edit] Life
In his youth, John of Rokycan entered the Augustinian monastery in Rokycany. Later, he left the monastery to study in Prague, gaining his baccalaureate in 1415. He joined the movement against Jan Želivský, after which he had to flee from Prague. He also opposed the Taborites, most notably at Konopiště in 1423. Later in Prague he opposed Jan Žižka, when he was blamed for the defeat of the Prague militia at Malešov.
In 1427 he became the vicar of Týn church. He even opposed Sigismund Korybut. In 1429 he became the správcem duchovenstva podobojí, or the Vicar General of the Prague Archbishopric. In 1430 he earned his Master of Arts, and in 1435 became rector of Charles University.
On October 4, 1441 he convened an assembly at Kutná Hora, where the fundamentals of Hussite belief were laid down for all. In the year 1442 he made his peace with Jan z Příbrami. In 1444, the courts found in favour of the Taborites, who still refused to comply with the unanimous policy and the Tabor doctrine was decried.
In 1449, he started to correspond regularly with Pope Nicholas V, because he needed to carry out ordinations to the priesthood. In the end, he tried to come to see the Pope in person, but was unable to pass through Germany. For this reason, in 1451 he started talks with Constantinople about the potential cooperation of the Hussite and Greek Churches, but had to give up in 1452, when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks.
King Ladislaus Posthumus (1440 - 1457) was unsure of Rokycan's agenda, so he avoided his sermons. In 1457, Rokycan started corresponding again directly with the Pope (now Pope Callixtus III), though this was interrupted by Ladislaus's death.
The situation was somewhat improved by the rise of George of Podebrady, and although Podebrady tried to reduce the power of the church, Rokycan supported his election through his lectures. From the beginning, Rokycana endorsed Podebrady's politics and had all churches ring their bells to mark the reconciliation of the Vratislavskys. In return, Podebrady considered him to represent the church and alternated between attending Rokycan's masses and those in Saint Vitus Cathedral.
In 1461, George of Podebrady began aspiring to the crown of the Holy Roman Emperor, which would surely have meant renouncing the chalice of Hussitism. This led Rokycan to speak against Podebrady in his sermons. On February 7, 1465 he took part in a dispute over the king's ministry, after which the king requested greater cooperation from the church. A year later, in 1466, Rokycan suffered a stroke, after which he started to have trouble speaking. He was buried in Týn church.
For his seal, he used a horseshoe with a star, probably in memory of his father, who was a blacksmith.
[edit] Works
- Postilla - collected by his students on the basis of his lectures from 1453 to 1457, probably the most interesting Czech postilla, because it in no way discussed theological problems, but rather focused on the everyday problems of people living in those times.
- Latinská postilla
- Výklad zjevení svatého Jana - A Discussion of The Revelations of Saint John
- Kázání u Kutné Hory - Sermons at Kutná Hora
- Řeči pronesené na koncilu Basilejském - Speeches Given at the Council of Basel
- Synodální řeči - Speeches of the Synod
- O sedmi vášních a vadách - Seven Passions And Problems, his greatest transgression
- Acta synodální - Acts of the Synod
- Latinský slovník - A Latin Dictionary
- Tractatus de eucharista
- Tractatus de septem sacramentis
- Contra sex propositiones trivolas doctorum apostatarum
He was also been credited by some sources with the composing of several songs.
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- Vítaj milý Jezu Kriste - Welcome Dear Jesus Christ
- Zdrávas dievko
- Cierkev svatá v posledních dnech velmi neznamenitá - The Holy Church in Recent Days Very Unremarkable - here he is clearly wrote both not only the words but also the melody.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
This article was translated from the Czech language version (see Česky in the navigation bar on the left side of the screen), although some facts and dates do not exactly correspond to other articles in Wikipedia (see Links above).
