John Ward (pirate)
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| John Ward | |
|---|---|
| c. 1553-1622 | |
| Nickname: | Yusuf Reis |
| Type: | Barbary Corsair |
| Place of birth: | Faversham, Kent, England |
| Place of death: | Tunis |
| Years of service: | 1600s-1610s |
| Rank: | Admiral |
| Base of Operations: | Tunis |
John Ward or Warde (c. 1553-1622), also known as Jack Ward and under his Muslim name Yusuf Reis, was a notorious English pirate around the turn of the 17th century who later became a Barbary Corsair operating out of Tunis during the early 1600s.
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[edit] Biography
[edit] Early life
Born about 1553 probably in Faversham, [1] Kent, in southeast England. He spent his teenage years working the fisheries. Late in the reign of Queen Elizabeth he joined the Navy, where he may have done some privateering during Elizabeth's reign but by the time James I came to the throne he was living in poverty in Plymouth.
[edit] Piracy
Around 1603 Ward was pressed in to the Royal Navy in where he was placed into the Channel Squadron and served aboard a ship named the Lion's Whelp. After two weeks he and a group of about 30 of his colleagues deserted, stole a small 25-tonne bark, from Portsmouth Harbour, and sailed to the Isle of Wight and captured another ship, the Violet, a ship rumoured to be carrying the treasure of Catholic refugees. However, the ship turned out to be empty of treasure, but the enterprising Ward used her to cunningly capture a much larger French ship.
Ward and his men sailed to the Mediterranean where he was able to acquire a warship of thirty-two guns which was renamed The Grift and began attacking merchantmen for the next two years. While at Salé, Morocco in 1605 several English and Dutch sailors, including Richard Bishop and Anthony Johnson, joined Ward's crew and the following year (August, 1606) Ward arranged with Tunisian ruler Uthman Dey to use Tunis as a base of operations in exchange for one fifth of Ward's loot. From this base, Jack Ward was easily able to capture several valuable merchant ships, including the Reniera e Soderina of 60 tons and worth $100,000.
Following his return to Tunis in June of 1607, Ward was informed during the winter that the now rotted Reniera e Soderina had begun to sink. With several of his officers, Ward deserted the ship to one of the French prizes he had captured. The Reniera e Soderina later sank off Greece as 400 crew members, of which 250 Muslim and 150 English, were lost. Ironically, Ward lost his own ship, as well as two others captured by Venice, several weeks later.
While many in Tunisia were angered by Ward's desertion of the Muslim sailors aboard the Reniera e Soderina, Uthman Dey offered Ward a safe haven. Ward however offered James I of England £40,000 for a royal pardon which was refused and he reluctantly returned to Tunis. Uthman Dey kept his word and Ward was granted protection by Tunis.
During the next year ballads and pamphleteers condemned John Ward for turning corsair. He changed his name to Yusuf Reis and married an Italian woman while he continued to send money to his English wife.
Ward continued raiding Mediterranean shipping, eventually commanding a whole fleet of corsairs, and whose flagship was a Venetian sixty-gunner. He profited by his piracy, retiring to Tunis to live a life of opulent comfort until 1622, when at the age of 70 he reportedly died from the plague.
[edit] Legacy
An English sailor who saw him in Tunis in 1608 described Ward as "very short with little hair, and that quite white, bald in front; swarthy face and beard. Speaks little and almost always swearing. Drunk from morn till night...The habits of a thorough salt. A fool and an idiot out of his trade." [2]
To his contemporaries Ward was an enigmatic figure, in some ways like a Robin Hood, but in the 16th and 17th centuries many English pirates operated our of the mouth of the Sebo River and preyed on Mediterranean shipping. Ward was supposed to have spared English ships while attacking "papist" vessels. John Ward and Simon Danseker are credited with introducing Barbary corsairs to the use of square-rigged ships of northern Europe.
[edit] References
- ^ Firth, C.H. Naval songs and ballads, selected and edited by C.H. Firth. London: Printed for the Navy Records Society, 1908.
- ^ Earle, Peter. The Pirate Wars. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005. (pg. 29) ISBN 0-312-33579-2
[edit] Further reading
- Bak, Greg. Barbary Pirate: The Life and Crimes of John Ward, the Most Infamous Privateer of His Times. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing Ltd. 2006. ISBN 0750943505
