John Roberts, Jr. (billiards)
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John Roberts Jr. (15 August 1847 - 23 December 1919) was a dominant professional player of English billiards. He was also a notable manufacturer of billiards cues and tables, and promoter of the sport.
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[edit] Early years
Roberts Jr. lived in the shadow of his father for many years, but came into the public eye after his father's retirement, beating Willam Cook 1,200–722.[clarify] However, Cook would eventually gain superiority over Roberts Jr.
In 1875, Cook was defeated by Roberts Jr. again and it sparked his dominance of the sport. In 1880, he left for Calcutta, where he set up a billiard table factory. Roberts however was able to concede starts to all opposition, but would not play in Championship matches. This damaged the sport's perception, as everybody perceived him to be champion.[clarify]
As two variants of the sport, "spot-barred" and "all-in" developed, Roberts came back to the fore, competing in only the "spot-barred" version. In 1884, he broke the spot-barred record break from 309 by Cook, to 360. He developed the top-of-the-table technique, that required alternating cannons and pot reds that would become the "modern" way of playing the game.[clarify]
In 1885, Roberts sat at the meeting that formed the Billiards Association, and helped to code a new set of rules for the game of English billiards. Roberts challenged Cook for the title, which he won by default, but then he successfully defended the rematch from Cook to win the title.[1]
[edit] Rift and Roberts's refusal to play
William Peall beat Roberts in a match where he was restricted to 100 spots in a break. Peall was the leading "all-in" player in the era. Roberts maintained his spot barred supremacy, and did not challenge either Peall or Billy Mitchell for the Championship. He cited that the public would not enjoy the repetition of the game, an astonishing foreshadowing of the eventual decline of the game.
Peall and Roberts both claimed to be champions of the sport, and a match to test proved unnegotiable. After a 4 year hiatus, the Championship returned when the Billiards Association decided to create two Championships, one for all-in, and another for spot-barred. By this stage, Roberts was a successful billiards merchandise producer, and offered the association a venue, a table and trophy for the new Championship, but refused to play in it.
Roberts went on a tour of North America in 1894, playing the American Champion, Frank Ives in Chicago. Ives had mastered the technique of jamming the balls in the pockets, and ended up winning the match 6,000-3,821, after a break of 2,539. A return match held in New York saw Ives again as champion.
Later that year, Roberts set his highest ever break in an exhibition at the Egyptian Hall in Piccadilly. His 867 included many nursery cannons. He pioneered pneumatic rubber cushions in 1895 on his tables, in a bid to make them the best on the market.
After a controversy regarding rules with the Billiards Association, Roberts won over two weeks against Charles Dawson by 1,814 points. He again did not play in the Championship in 1899.[1]
[edit] Playing for royalty
Roberts had now involved himself in royal circles. He played Lily Langtry, a music personality of the day, and the Prince of Wales called Roberts shot against her[clarify] in a 50 up match. Roberts was still able to win the game.
He toured India and knowing that that the Maharajah of Jaipur was a fan, he travelled to meet him. He ended up with an annual salary of UK£500, and expenses paid for any future visits to India. Despite that lack of transport, the Maharajah organised a tournament. The players all went to India, and in the opening match, Roberts was potting the red repeatively when the Maharajah ended the game declaring the winner to be Roberts. His opponent, S.W. Stanley, had played only one safety shot.
Roberts determination to play the game also endeared him to many fans. He played Mitchell in Manchester, and despite having malarial fever and ague, he still made a 600 unfinished break to win the match.[1]
[edit] The end of the Roberts era
Having beaten Dawson, Roberts retired from the Championship, and billiards, for good. His stature within the game would never be repeated. He helped to create the rules of the game, as well as providing new apparatus with which to play it. Nobody would go on to be as dominant a force in non-championship play, and have such an influence over the running of the game.[1]
[edit] References
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) |
- ^ a b c d Everton, Clive (16 October 1986). History of Snooker and Billiards. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Partridge Pr.. ISBN 1-8522-5013-5.
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