John Goodricke
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| John Goodricke | |
 John Goodricke
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| Born | September 17, 1764 Groningen |
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| Died | April 20, 1786 |
| Nationality | Netherlands |
| Fields | astronomy |
| Notable awards | Copley Medal |
John Goodricke (September 17, 1764 – April 20, 1786) was an eminent and profoundly deaf amateur astronomer. He was born in Groningen in the Netherlands, but lived most of his life in England. He was named after his grandfather Sir John Goodricke.
He is best known for his observations of the variable star Algol (Beta Persei) in 1782. ('Variable' means that the star changes in brightness.)
Although several stars were already known to vary in apparent magnitude, Goodricke was the first to propose a mechanism to account for this. He suggested that Algol is what is now known as an eclipsing binary. He presented his findings to the Royal Society in May 1783, and for this work, the Society awarded him the Copley Medal for that year. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on April 16, 1786. He never learned of this honour however, as he died four days later, probably from pneumonia.
Goodricke was profoundly deaf through most of his life, due to scarlet fever in early childhood. His parents sent him to Thomas Braidwood's Academy, a school for the deaf in Edinburgh, and in 1778 to the Warrington Academy.
After leaving the Academy, he returned to live with his parents in York. There, he became friends with Edward Pigott, whose father Nathaniel Pigott had built a sophisticated private observatory. Edward was already interested in variable stars, and he gave Goodricke a list of those that he thought were worthy of observation.
Between October 2005 and March 2006 Sean Ellingham and James Valner from the University of York undertook a project to find the position of Goodricke's observatory using the data he recorded. A 1949 study by Sidney Melmore had shown that he worked from the Treasurer's House (now owned by the National Trust) very near York Minster. By re-creating his observations, the two students were able to conclude that he had observed from the eastern-most window of the second floor, looking south towards the Minster.
Goodricke College at the University of York is named after Goodricke. There is also a modern sculpture named Algol in the grounds.
[edit] External links
- Goodricke's life and astronomical work. Features animations of different types of variable stars.
- Goodricke College
| Awards | ||
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| Preceded by Richard Kirwan |
Copley Medal 1783 jointly with Thomas Hutchins |
Succeeded by Edward Waring |
