John Dunn (1833-1895)
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John Dunn was a South African settler, hunter, and diplomat of Scottish descent. Born in Port Alfred, Cape Colony in 1833, his parents moved to Port Natal/Durban when he was three years old.
When Dunn was still young, his father was trampled to death by an elephant. His mother died a few years later. He started to earn a living by working for transport riders and hunters. His love of hunting and his skill with a rifle took him across the Tugela River into Zululand on a regular basis, where he became fluent in the language and was befriended by local chiefs. Their hospitality often included offering him a wife, and though he was previously married to Catherine Pierce - daughter of a renegade father and coloured mother - he accepted a total of 49 Zulu wives during his lifetime, much to Catherine's disapproval. Dunn built his home near the Ngoye Forest in Zululand.
The bloody battle of succession fought between king Mpande's sons Mbuyasi and Cetshwayo forced Dunn and other white settlers to flee back to Natal. After the battle, he re-crossed the Tugela to ask that the winner, Cetshwayo, return the cattle that had belonged to the settlers. Cetshwayo agreed, and also requested that Dunn become his advisor in matters related to the British. Again, Dunn's skill in arms no doubt stood him in good stead. His cattle were returned and he was allocated land near present-day Mtunzini.
On 18 October 1872, King Mpande died at the age of 74 and Cetshwayo became king. Though Mpande and Cetshwayo had successfully resisted attempts by the Boers and the British to encroach on their territory, the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 forced John Dunn to pick sides, and he sided with the British.
On 11 January 1879, British troops crossed the Tugela, near Fort Pearson, after the British had presented Cetshwayo with an ultimatum he could not accept. It is said that Dunn's skill at arms contributed greatly to British successes in the south. In the north the British, anticipating Cetshwayo's refusal of the ultimatum, had already crossed the river, only to be surprised and soundly defeated at the Battle of Isandlwana.
On 1 September 1879, Zululand was annexed and incorporated in Natal. Dunn was given the largest piece of land of all thirteen rulers in the subdivision of Zululand, and closest to Port Natal, where he served as a buffer zone between the British and the less-trusted rulers.
John Dunn died on 5 August 1895, having married 48 wives and fathered 117 children. In 1895 all Dunn's dependents were settled on a 40 km² reserve near the Tugela River.
