Johannes Mentelin

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Aeneas Sylvius, epistolae. Printed by Johannes Mentelin in Strasbourg, 1472
Aeneas Sylvius, epistolae. Printed by Johannes Mentelin in Strasbourg, 1472

Johannes Mentelin, sometimes also spelled Mentlin, (born around 1410 in Schlettstadt, today Sélestat; died December 12, 1478 in Strasbourg) was a pioneering German book printer and bookseller of the incunabulum time. In 1466, he published the first printed Bible in the German language, the Mentelin Bible.

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[edit] Life

In 1447, Johannes Mentelin gained the rights of a Strasbourg citizen. He was first a "Goldschreiber" (calligrapher and book scribe) by profession and worked in addition as an episcopal notary. Exactly when and where he learned the technique of book printing is not known. Since at the end of the 1450s, when Mentelin founded his Strasbourg printery, there was still no other place where printing was done besides Mainz, it is likely that he either got his knowledge directly there or through a middleman. Such a go-between might have been Heinrich Eggestein. It is suspected that he had been introduced to the trade of book printing during his stay in Mainz from Johannes Gutenberg. He did not set up his own Offizin (an old German term for a book printery) until the middle of the 1460s. Due to a lack of sources, the final clarification of this question must unfortunately remain unanswered for now. From the available data, it can however be concluded that Johannes Mentelin was the first book printer active in Strasbourg (and thus one of the first anywhere in Europe), even before Heinrich Eggestein.

The first printing which carries Mentelin's name is Augustine's Tractatus de arte praedicandi from the year 1465. However, it is assumed that Johannes Mentelin had already begun to print significantly earlier, probably even already in 1458. His oldest known printed work is a Latin Bible printed with 49 lines per page ("B49"), whose first volume is dated 1460. As Johannes Gutenberg's Bible was printed with 42 lines per page, Mentelin's had fewer pages and proved handier.

Johannes Mentelin quickly achieved business success, which made him a prosperous man. In 1466, he was even awarded a coat of arms by Emperor Frederick III. After about 20 years as a book printer, Mentelin died on December 12, 1478 in Strasbourg. He was buried in the cemetery of the (no longer existing) St.-Michael's-Chapel. His grave was later removed and is now inside Strasbourg Cathedral. His two daughters married the book printers, Martin Schott and Adolf Rusch. The latter, also called the printer with the bizarre R, took over the Offizin.

[edit] Work

About 40 printed works are ascribed to Johannes Mentelin's Strasbourg Offizin. His printing and publishing list contained predominantly theological and philosophical works in Latin, whose purity of text was taken care of by scholarly proofreaders. Among others, works of Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Aristotle, John Chrysostom, Isidore of Seville and Albertus Magnus were issued. However, classical texts of antiquity (such as Virgil's Opera and the Comoediae of Terence) were also published. As the only German book printer, Mentelin printed Medieval court literature, such as Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival and the Jüngerer Titurel of Albrecht von Scharfenberg.

However, his first printing of a Bible in vernacular language stands out, the so-called Mentelin Bible, one of the first printed books in the German language. The Mentelin Bible was reprinted in the southern German region a further thirteen times by various printers up until the Luther Bible.

[edit] Literature

In German

  • Geldner, F.: Die deutschen Inkunabeldrucker. Ein Handbuch der deutschen Buchdrucker des XV. Jahrhunderts nach Druckorten. Teil 1. Das deutsche Sprachgebiet. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1968. ISBN 3-7772-6825-9
  • H. Harthausen: Johannes Mentelin. In: Lexikon des gesamten Buchwesens (LGB). Publ. by Severin Corsten. 2nd new, completely revised and expanded edition. Vol. V. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1989. p. 145. ISBN 3-7772-9904-9
  • Karl Schorbach: Der Straßburger Frühdrucker Johann Mentelin (1458-1478): Studien zu seinem Leben und Werke. Mainz, 1932.
  • E. Voulliéme: Die deutschen Drucker des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts. 2nd edition. Verlag der Reichdruckerei, Berlin 1922.


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