Johann Frederick, Duke of Württemberg

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Johann Frederick of Württemberg

Copperplate portrait of Johann Frederick taken from Matthäus Merian’s Theatrum Europaeum of 1662

Duke Johann Frederick of Württemberg was born on 5 May 1582 in Mömpelgard and was the 7th Duke of Württemberg from 4 February 1608 until his death on 18 July 1628 whilst en route to Heidenheim.

[edit] Life

Johann Frederick of Württemberg was the eldest son of Frederick I and Sibylla of Anhalt. He was born in Mömpelgard castle which he left at the age of four when his family moved its residence to Stuttgart.

Johann Frederick married Barbara Sophia of Brandenburg (1584–1636), daughter of prince-elector Joachim Frederick of Brandenburg. To mark his marriage on 5 November 1609, he had Castle Urach converted, turning the Golden Room into one of the finest surviving examples of renaissance banqueting halls in Germany.

Johann Frederick’s marriage resulted in the birth of the following children:

1. Henriette of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 12 December 1610 - 18 February 1623
2. Frederick of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 15 March 1612 - 12 June 1612
3. Antonia of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 24 March 1613 - 1 October 1679
4. Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg, 16 December 1614 - 2 July 1674
5. Frederick of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, 19 December 1615 – 24 March 1682
6. Ulrich of Württemberg-Neuenbürg, 15 May 1617 - 5 December 1671
7. Anna Johanna of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 13 March 1619 - 5 March 1679
8. Sibylle of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 4 December 1620 - 21 May 1707
9. Eberthal of Württemberg-Stuttgart, 4 September 1623 - 9 January 1624

Johann Frederick was a well-meaning, peace-loving ruler but he displayed a number of personal weaknesses and was often ill equipped to deal with the challenges of the era. Despite this he restored the constitution (which had been suspended by his father, Frederick I, subject to changes that were never implemented). He also restored the power of the councils of Duke Ludwig (which had been abolished by Frederick I). Most importantly, he had Frederick’s powerful chancellor Matthäus Enzlin condemned to a fortress for life for embezzlement and extortion, subjecting him later to an embarrassing trial on a count of high treason for which he was executed on the market place in Urach in 1613. He achieved little improvement in the state of affairs within the ducal household, however. In fact the duchy ran into further debt leading to unruly debate within the family and even the ranks of servants and eventually problems with the mint.

Johann Frederick continued the long-standing negotiations held by his father with other evangelical princes, resulting in talks in Auhausen near Nördlingen in May 1608 and the subsequent signing of the Union of Auhausen. In 1621 he moved with a Unionist army into the Palatinate region, although the alliance crumbled in the same year with little to show for its efforts.

Duke Johann Frederick continued to swear allegiance to the union. At the battle of Wimpfen (26 April 1622), Georg Frederick, the margrave (Markgraf) of Baden-Durlach , was defeated by Marshall Tilly and the duke’s youngest brother fell in battle. Despite a neutrality accord, the victors of this battle went on to sack the north western areas of the Duke's region and in the years that followed it suffered repeatedly under harmful raids and settlement.

On 28 May 1617, Johann Frederick entered into an agreement with a number of his many brothers; his eldest brother, Ludwig Frederick was given the countship of Mömpelgard - still not totally inseparable from the Duchy of Württemberg; the next brother down, Julius Frederick inherited the recently acquired sovereignty over Brenz and Weiltingen, leading to two new branch lines in the Duchy: Württemberg-Mömpelgard (which disappeared in 1723) and Württemberg-Weiltingen (which disappeared in 1792). His other brothers, Frederick Achilles and Magnus inherited the castles of Neuenstadt and Neuenbürg respectively. As both of the latter brothers were unmarried when they died their possessions were subsequently brought back into the main line of the Duchy.

See also: German family tree of the Duchy of Württemberg

[edit] External links

• German archives: page from ADB [1]

[edit] References

German books

• Paul Sauer: Herzog Friedrich I. von Württemberg 1557-1608. Ungestümer Reformer und weltgewandter Autokrat. Stuttgart 2003.
• Harald Schukraft: Kleine Geschichte des Hauses Württemberg. Silberburg publishing, Tübingen, 2006, ISBN 978-3-87407-725-5
• Das Haus Württemberg - ein biographisches Lexikon, Kohlhammer Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-17-013605-4