Jiquipilco
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| (San Juan) Jiquipilco Town and Municipality |
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country |  Mexico |
| State | State of Mexico |
| Municipality | Jiquipilco |
| Founded 1593 | |
| Government | |
| - Municipal President | |
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) |
| Postal code | |
Jiquipilco is a town and municipality located in State of Mexico in Mexico. It is north of the Valley of Toluca and to the west by the Valley of Ixtlahuaca occupying part of the highlands in between. It is about 40 km from Toluca, the state capital. The word Jiquipilco means “the place of saddle- bags” , it comes from “Xiquipilli”. Jiquipilco is situated on the transversal volcanic axis that crosses Mexico in an area surrounded by lakes and volcanoes. This portion is called "Anahuac”.[1]
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[edit] The town of San Juan Jiquipilco
The town had a population of 1,880 as of the 2005 INEGI census. It lies at an elevation of 2,657 meters above sea level.[2]
[edit] History
In the beginning Jiquipilco was ruled by Otomies since 1274 BC, but only after many years did it become one of the most important and powerful towns in the area.The Franciscans arrived in 1552 to evangelize the area and gave the already-existing village the name of Juan de las Huertas, because if its abundance of fruit trees, but its current name is San Juan Jiquipilco. As small chapel began construction in 1538 under the direction of Fray Francisco de Aguilar, but the Parish of La San Juan Bautista was founded in 1592. The village was officially declared by the Spanish on March 6, 1593. The bell tower was built in 1922. [1]
[edit] Notable sites
Other attractions are the sanctuary of Santa Cruz Tepexpán, which dates from teh 16th and 18th centuries, and the chapel of San Felipe Santiago, constructed around the end of teh 16th century. A number of colonial-era buildings have been preserved such as the Ex–haciendas of Mañí, Nixiní, Santa Isabel, Boximo, although these sites also contained completely ruined structures as well. [3]
[edit] The municipality of Jiquipilco
As municipal seat, the town of Jiquipilco has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Barrio Primero Buenos Aires, Bóximo, Buenavista, Buenos Aires, Colonia Benito Juárez, San Felipe Santiago, Colonia Flores Magón, Colonia la Purísima, Colonia Morelos, Dolores Amarillas, Ejido de Mañi, Ejido de Moxteje, Ejido de Santa María Nativitas, Ejido de Santa María Nativitas el Colector, Ejido Llano Grande (Planta Piloto), El Jaral (Tierra Montón), El Rincón Loma de Hidalgo, El Santuario del Señor del Cerrito, Hacienda Nixini Jiquipilco, La Nopalera, La Pastora, Las Golondrinas, Las Palomitas (Puerto Jiquipilli), Loma de Endotzi (Manzana Sexta), Loma de Hidalgo, Loma de San Felipe, Loma de San Pedro, Loma del Astillero, Loma del Madroño, Loma del Sitio, Loma Hermosa, Loma Hidalgo Colonia Benito Juárez, Loma Hidalgo Manzana Cuarta, Loma Vicente Guerrero, Los Ortiz, Manzana Cuarta, Manzana Cuarta de Santa Cruz Tepexpan, Manzana Primera la Capilla, Manzana Primera Parte Alta, Manzana Quinta (La Cañada), Manzana Quinta de San Bartolo Oxtotitlán, Manzana Segunda, Manzana Segunda de Santa Cruz Tepexpan, Manzana Sexta Parte Alta, Manzana Sexta Parte Baja, Manzana Sexta Parte Centro, Manzana Tercera (Bodo), Manzana Tercera de Santa Cruz Tepexpan, Manzana Tercera Juashi, Manzana Tercera Loma de Hidalgo, Manzana Tercera Panthé, Manzana Tercera Parte Baja, Moxteje, Palo Gacho, Pie del Cerro, Portezuelo, Primera Manzana de Santa Cruz Tepexpan, Ranchería de Mañi (Ex-hacienda de Mañi), Ranchería de Sila (Ejido de Sila), Rancho Alegre, Rancho Colorado, Rancho Loma de Malacota, Rancho los Quiroz, Rancho Santa Lucía, San Antonio Nixini, San Bartolo Oxtotitlán, San Felipe Santiago, San Francisco el Alto, San Isidro, San José del Sitio, San Martín Morelos, San Miguel Yuxtepec, Santa Isabel, Santa María Nativitas, Sección del Cerrito , and Tierra Blanca.
The municipality of Jiquipilco was founded in 1822 and has a total extension of 276.5 square km. It borders the following municipalities; San Bartolo Morelos, Villa del Carbon, Nicholas Romero, Temoaya, Ixtlahuaca, and Jocotitlan.[1] The total population of the municipality is 59,969 people.[2]
An significant number of people leave the town every year in order to reach better job opportunities, mainly young people between 15 and 30 years old. Many of them go to Mexico City or Toluca for perceived job opportunties.
Modern Jiquipilco was founded on March 6, 1593.[1]
The economy of Jiquipilco is based on agriculture and stockbreeding. The principal crops are wheat, barley and oats. Because of the existing topography in this entity, people continue to apply old techniques, and a few farmers use mechanized equipment. Livestock is mainly represented by cattle, sheep, pigs and goats.The municipality also has abundant minerals, mostly non-metallic, but used mostly for construction industry and paving roads, such as silica sand and gravel, and stone, obsidian and quartz. [1]
[edit] History
The Otomis first came to this area around 1274. According to legend, they settled here coming from a land called "Xicomostoc", where seven tribes of Otomis came from to settle in places like Jilotepec, Acxotlán, Tepexí as well as the highlands of Jiquipilco, here leading a hunting and gathering existence. The P'urhépecha also known as the Tarasca fought with the Otomis here as they tried to conquer Matlatzinca lands. In 1478, the Aztecs invaded Matlatzinca lands, and the Aztec prince Azayácatzin battled personally with the Otomi warrier príncipe Tlilcuetepalin (the Black Lizard) who won the fight, protecting Xiquipilco. [1]
After the Spaniards subjugated Toluca, Gonzalo de Sandoval, known as the right arm of Hernán Cortés promised to bring Jiquipilco under Spanish dominion in 15 days; however, he found an area populated by men who preferred to die on the battlefield. The Spanish did manage to bring Jiquipilco into the dominion of New Spain.[1]
