Jim Sasser
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| James Ralph Sasser | |
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| In office January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1995 |
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| Preceded by | Bill Brock |
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| Succeeded by | Bill Frist |
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| In office February 14, 1996 – July 1, 1999 |
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| President | Bill Clinton |
| Preceded by | J. Stapleton Roy |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Prueher |
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| Born | September 30, 1936 Memphis, Tennessee |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Mary Sasser |
| Religion | Baptist |
James Ralph Sasser (born September 30, 1936) is an American politician and attorney. A Democrat, Sasser served three terms as a United States Senator from Tennessee (1977–1995) and was Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. From 1995 to 1999, during the Clinton Administration, he was the United States Ambassador to the People's Republic of China.
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[edit] Early life and career
James Ralph Sasser was born in Memphis, Tennessee on September 30, 1936. He attended public schools in Nashville. Sasser attended the University of Tennessee from 1954 to 1955. He earned his undergraduate degree from Vanderbilt University in 1958; followed by his law degree from Vanderbilt Law Shool in 1961. He was admitted to the Tennessee Bar in 1961 and began practicing law in Nashville.
From 1957 to 1963, Sasser served in the the United States Marine Corps Reserves.[1]
Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, Jim Sasser was a long time Democratic activist, manager of Albert Gore, Sr.'s unsuccessful 1970 reelection campaign. A lawyer by trade, Sasser sought election in his own right and won his party's 1976 nomination for the Senate. He defeated, among others, Nashville entrepreneur and attorney John Jay Hooker, then still considered to be a serious candidate due to his strong personality, his (intermittent) wealth, and his connections with the Nashville Tennessean's controlling Seigenthaler family. His son Gray Sasser, also a lawyer, is the current chair of the Tennessee Democratic Party.
[edit] Senate Campaigns
[edit] 1976 Election
Upon winning his party's Senate nomination, Sasser set out to attack the record of one-term incumbent Sen. Bill Brock, heir to a Chattanooga candy fortune. Sasser emphasized Brock's connections to former President Richard M. Nixon and his use of income tax code provisions that had, despite his great wealth and considerable income, resulted in his paying less than $2,000 in income tax the previous year. Sasser was able to capitalize on the tax issue by pointing out that Brock had paid less than many Tennesseans of considerably more modest means.
Sasser's campaign was also greatly aided by the efforts of ex-Senator Gore. Brock had defeated the elder Gore for the Senate in 1970 largely upon the basis of Gore's support for civil rights, his friendship with the Kennedy political family, and his opposition to the Vietnam War. Sasser won rather handily over Brock, and went on to serve three Senate terms.
[edit] Re-election, 1982 and 1988
He turned back a serious effort against him by five-term United States Representative Robin Beard very handily in 1982. That showing was so impressive that his 1988 Republican opponent was a virtual political unknown named Bill Andersen, whose underfunded, essentially token campaign never stood a chance.
[edit] Senate accomplishments
With the retirement of Senator Lawton Chiles in 1989, Sasser became Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee. In that role, he served as a key ally of Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell of Maine. Sasser helped negotiate the 1990 budget summit agreement with President George H. W. Bush. And in 1993, he engineered passage of President Bill Clinton's first budget, which reduced the deficit by $500 billion dollars over 10 years[2][3] but passed without any Republican votes.
With this success under his belt, began to work his way upward in the party leadership. When Leader Mitchell announced his intention to retire, it seemed to be a foregone conclusion that upon his re-election in 1994 Sasser would be the new majority leader.
[edit] 1994 campaign
There were two unforeseen events that negated this scenario. One was the large scale of discontent that the American people seemed to have toward the first two years of the Clinton administration, especially the proposal for a national health-care system largely put together and advocated by Clinton's wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton. The other was the somewhat unexpected nomination of Nashville heart transplant surgeon William H. Frist for the seat by the Republicans.
Frist was a political unknown and a total novice (who never voted until he was 36) at campaigning, but was from one of Nashville's most prominent and wealthiest medical families, which gave him name recognition (in the Nashville area, at least), and resources adequate to match the campaign war chest built up by a typical three-term incumbent, a challenge most "insurgent" candidates find to be impossible. A further factor working to Frist's advantage was a simultaneous Republican campaign by actor and attorney Fred Thompson for the other Tennessee Senate seat, which came open when Al Gore had resigned to become Vice President of the United States. To an extent, Frist was able to bask in the reflected glory of this formidable stage presence, and additionally developed some campaigning skills, which were almost totally absent in the early stages of his campaign. Another factor in Frist's favor was that Sasser was never seen as possessing much charisma of his own. During the campaign Nashville radio stations were derisive towards Sasser to the point of stating that he could only win "a Kermit The Frog lookalike contest." In one of the largest upsets in a night of political upsets in the November 1994 U.S. general elections, Frist defeated the 16 years older incumbent Sasser by approximately 14 percentage points.
[edit] Ambassador to China
Sasser went on to serve as ambassador to China during the period of alleged nuclear spying and the campaign finance controversy that involved possible efforts by China to influence domestic U.S. politics during the Clinton Administration. Sasser again gained media attention when the U.S. Embassy in Beijing was besieged after U.S. warplanes mistakenly bombed the Chinese embassy in Belgrade during the U.S. intervention in the Kosovo War. Shortly after the siege of the embassy was lifted, Ambassador Sasser retired (he was slated to do so before the siege, so his retirement was not a direct result) and returned to the United States, where he presently divides his time between Tennessee and Washington, D.C., as a consultant.
[edit] Electoral history
- 1976 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate (TN)
- Jim Sasser, 44%
- John Jay Hooker, 31%
- Harry Sadler, 10%
- David Bolin, 8%
- 1976 General Election for U.S. Senate (TN)
- Jim Sasser (D), 52%
- Bill Brock (R) (inc.), 47%
- 1982 General Election for U.S. Senate (TN)
- Jim Sasser (D) (inc.), 62%
- Robin Beard (R), 38%
- 1988 General Election for U.S. Senate (TN)
- Jim Sasser (D) (inc.), 65%
- Bill Andersen (R), 35%
- 1994 General Election for U.S. Senate (TN)
- Bill Frist (R), 56%
- Jim Sasser (D) (inc.), 42%
[edit] Notes
- ^ Sasser, James Ralph — Biographical Information. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2007-06-15.
- ^ "Clinton and House Democrats Agree On Spending Cuts, but Ante Is Raised," by Michael Wines in the New York Times.
- ^ "Clinton to Cut Spending Further," by Eric Pianin and Ruth Marcus in the Washington Post.
[edit] References
- Beiler, David. "Surgical Precision: How Senate Power Jim Sasser Was Stomped by a Political Novice in Tennessee", Campaigns and Elections, 1995-04. Retrieved on 2006-02-22.
- Sasser, James Ralph (1936– ). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2007-04-22.
| United States Senate | ||
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| Preceded by Bill Brock |
United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee 1977 – 1995 Served alongside: Howard Baker, Al Gore, Harlan Mathews, Fred Thompson |
Succeeded by Bill Frist |
| Preceded by Lawton Chiles |
Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee 1989 – 1995 |
Succeeded by Pete Domenici |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by J. Stapleton Roy |
U.S. Ambassador to China 1995 – 1999 |
Succeeded by Joseph Prueher |
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