Jim Clark
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| Jim Clark | |
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| Clark in 1966 | |
Nationality  British |
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| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Active years | 1960 - 1968 |
| Teams | Lotus |
| Races | 73 (72 starts) |
| Championships | 2 (1963, 1965) |
| Wins | 25 |
| Podium finishes | 32 |
| Career points | 255 (274)[1] |
| Pole positions | 33 |
| Fastest laps | 28 |
| First race | 1960 Dutch Grand Prix |
| First win | 1962 Belgian Grand Prix |
| Last win | 1968 South African Grand Prix |
| Last race | 1968 South African Grand Prix |
- This article is about the racing driver Jim Clark. For namesakes, please see James Clark.
Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE (4 March 1936 – 7 April 1968) was a Scottish[2] Formula One racing driver.
He was the dominant driver of his era, winning two World Championships, in 1963 and 1965. At the time of his death, he had won more Grand Prix races (25) and more pole positions (33) than any driver up to that time. He also competed in the Indianapolis 500 five times, and won it once, in 1965.
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Early years
He was born James Clark Jr. into a farming family at Kilmany House Farm, Fife, the youngest child of five, and the only boy. In 1942 the family moved to Edington Mains Farm, near Duns, Berwickshire, in the Borders. He was educated at primary schools, first in Kilmany and then in Chirnside, and then following three years of preparatory schooling at Clifton Hall near Edinburgh he was sent to Loretto School in Musselburgh, near Edinburgh.
Although his parents were opposed to the idea, Clark started his racing in local road rally and hill climb events driving his own Sunbeam-Talbot, and proved a fearsome competitor right from the off. On 16 June 1956, in his very first event, he was behind the wheel of a DKW sonderklasse at Crimond, Scotland. By 1958, Clark was driving for the local Border Reivers team, racing Jaguar D-types and Porsches in national events, and winning 18 races.
Then on Boxing Day 1958, Clark met the man who would launch him to superstardom. Driving a Lotus Elite, he finished second to Colin Chapman. Chapman was sufficiently impressed to give Clark a ride in one of his Formula Junior cars.
Clark and Lotus
Early in his career, Jim Clark was involved in one of the worst accidents in the history of Formula 1 racing. In the 1961 Italian Grand Prix on September 10th at Monza, Wolfgang Graf Berghe von Trips in his Ferrari collided with Jim Clark's Lotus. Trips' car became airborne and crashed into a side barrier, fatally throwing von Trips out of the car, killing fifteen spectators.[3]
His first Drivers' World Championship came driving the Lotus 25 in 1963, winning seven out of the ten races and Lotus its first Constructors' World Championship. That year he also competed in the Indianapolis 500 for the first time, and only the oil on the track from winner Parnelli Jones's car prevented him from winning, as he finished in second position and won Rookie of the Year honours. In 1964 Clark came within just a few laps of retaining his World Championship crown, but just as in 1962, an oil leak from the engine robbed him of the title, this time conceding to John Surtees. Tyre failure damaging the Lotus' suspension put paid to that year's attempt at the Indianapolis 500[4]. He made amends and won the Championship again in 1965 and also the Indianapolis 500 in the Lotus 38. He had to miss the prestigious Monaco Grand Prix in order to compete at Indianapolis, but made history by driving the first mid-engined car to win at the fabled "Brickyard," as well as becoming the only driver to date to win both that race and the F1 title in the same year.
At the same time, Clark was competing in the Australasia based Tasman series, run for older F1 cars, and was series champion in 1965, 1967 and 1968 driving for Lotus. He won fourteen races in all, a record for the series.
The FIA decreed from 1966, new 3-litre engine regulations would come into force. Lotus were less competitive. Starting with a 2-litre Coventry-Climax engine in the Lotus 33, Clark did not score points until the British Grand Prix and a third place at the following Dutch Grand Prix. From the Italian Grand Prix onwards Lotus used the highly complex BRM H16 engine in the Lotus 43 car, with which Clark won the United States Grand Prix. He also picked up another second place at the Indianapolis 500, this time behind Graham Hill.
During 1967 Lotus and Clark used three completely different cars and engines. The Lotus 43 performed poorly at the opening South African Grand Prix, so Clark used an old Lotus 33 at the following Monaco Grand Prix, retiring with suspension failure. Lotus then began its fruitful association with Ford-Cosworth. Their first car, the Lotus 49 featuring the most successful F1 engine in history, the Ford-Cosworth DFV, won its first race at the Dutch Grand Prix, driven by Clark. He won with it again at the British, United States and Mexican Grands Prix; and, in January 1968, at the South African Grand Prix.
Remarkable performances
Jim Clark's drive in the 1967 Italian Grand Prix is regarded one of the greatest ever in F1. After starting from pole, he was leading in his Lotus 49 (chassis R2), when a tyre punctured. He lost an entire lap while having the wheel changed in the pits. After rejoining sixteenth, Clark then showed his genius by driving at his own limit, something which was not required when leading. He ripped back through the field, progressively lowered the lap record, eventually equalling his pole time of 1m 28.5s, to regain the lost lap and the lead. He was narrowly ahead of Brabham and Surtees starting the last lap, but his car had not been filled with enough fuel for such a performance — it faltered, and finally coasted across the finish line in third place.
Jim Clark also raced at Crimond in the North East of Scotland on 16th June 1956 in his very first car race he was behind the wheel of a DKW "sonderklasse".
The fatal crash
On 7 April 1968, Jim Clark's life tragically ended in a crash. He was originally slated to drive in the BOAC 1000 km sportscar race at Brands Hatch but instead chose to drive in a Formula Two race for Lotus at the Hockenheimring in Germany, mostly due to contractual obligations with Firestone. On the fourth lap, his Lotus 48 veered off the track and crashed into the trees. He suffered a broken neck and skull fracture, and died before reaching the hospital. The cause of the crash was never definitively identified, but investigators concluded it was most likely due to a deflating rear tyre. Colin Chapman was devastated and publicly stated that he had lost his best friend. As a sign of respect, Chapman ordered the traditional green and yellow badge found on the nose of all Lotus road cars to be replaced with a black badge for a month following Clark's death. The 1968 F1 Drivers' Championship was subsequently won by his Lotus team-mate Graham Hill, who pulled the heartbroken team together and held off Jackie Stewart for the crown, which he later dedicated to Clark.
Legacy
Clark achieved 33 pole positions and won 25 races from his 72 Grands Prix starts in championship races. He is remembered for his ability to drive and win in all types of cars and series, including a Lotus-Cortina, with which he won the 1964 British Touring Car Championship, IndyCar, NASCAR, driving a Ford Galaxie for the Holman Moody team, Rallying, where he took part in the 1966 RAC Rally of Great Britain in a Lotus Cortina, and nearly won the event before crashing, and sports cars. He competed in the Le Mans 24 Hour race in 1959, 1960 and 1961, finishing second in class in 1959 driving a Lotus Elite, and finishing third overall in 1960, driving an Aston Martin DBR1.
He was also able to master difficult Lotus sportscar prototypes such as the Lotus 30 and 40. Clark had an uncanny ability to adapt to whichever car he was driving. Whilst other drivers would struggle to find a good car setup, Clark would usually set competitive lap times with whatever setup was provided and ask for the car to be left as it was.
He apparently had difficulty understanding why other drivers were not as quick as himself. After his death, Clark's father told Dan Gurney that he was the only driver his son ever feared.[5] When Clark died, fellow driver Chris Amon was quoted as saying, "If it could happen to him, what chance do the rest of us have? I think we all felt that. It seemed like we'd lost our leader."[6]
Jim Clark is buried in the village of Chirnside in Berwickshire. A memorial stone can be found at the Hockenheimring circuit, moved from the site of his crash to a location closer to the current track and a life size statue of him in racing overalls stands by the bridge over a small stream in the village of his birth, Kilmany in Fife. A small museum, which is known as The Jim Clark Room[7], can be found in Duns.
He was an inaugural inductee into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2002.
Complete World Championship Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)
Indy 500 results
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- Clark's starting positions from 1964, 1965, and 1966 represent the best 3-race starting streak of the 1960's.
- Clark's 1965 win was the first win for a rear-engined car at the Indianapolis 500. No front-engined car has won the race since.
Awards
- F1 World Champion, 1963 and 1965
- Indianapolis 500 winner, 1965
- ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of The Year, 1965
- British Touring Car Championship Champion, 1964
- Tasman Series Cup winner, 1965, 1967 and 1968
- Third place overall, 1960 24 Hours of Le Mans
- He was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 1990.
- He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1990 in the open wheel class.
References
- Notes
- ^ a b Up until 1990, not all points scored by a driver contributed to their final World Championship tally (see list of pointscoring systems for more information). Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.
- ^ "Jim Clark, Scottish automobile racer who became the world driving champion in 1963", Encyclopædia Britannica, accessed 15 May 2007
- ^ Motorsport Memorial
- ^ Indy
- ^ Tremayne, David and Hughes, Mark. The Concise Enyclopedia of Formula One. St. Paul, Minnesota: Parragon 2001, p. 61. ISBN 0-75256-557-5.
- ^ www.grandprix.com & http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/clark.htm Jim Clark
- ^ The Jim Clark Room
- ^ Jim Clark Indy 500 Race Stats [1]
- Bibliography
- Clark, Jim. Jim Clark At The Wheel. London: Arthur Barker, 1964.
- Dymock, Eric. Jim Clark: Racing Legend. London: J.H. Haynes & Co. Ltd., 1997. ISBN 0-85429-982-3.
- Gavin, Bill. The Jim Clark Story. London: Leslie Frewin Publishers Ltd., 1967.
- Gauld, Graham. Jim Clark, Portrait Of A Great Driver. London: Hamlyn, 1968. ISBN 0-668-01842-9.
- Gauld, Graham. Jim Clark Remembered. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stephens Inc., 1984, ISBN 0-85059-730-7.
- Gauld, Graham. Jim Clark, The Legend Lives On. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stephens Inc., 1994, ISBN 1-85260-144-2.
- Nye, Doug. Autocourse Driver Profile: Jim Clark. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Hazleton, 1991, ISBN 0-905138-77-5.
- Nye, Doug. Jim Clark And His Most Successful Lotus. London: J.H. Haynes & Co. Ltd., 2004. ISBN 1-84425-029-6.
External links
- Photos of Jim Clark & Quotes about him.
- Clark's sitting position in a Lotus
- Jimmy Clark at the Grand Prix History Hall of Fame
- Jim Clark Memorial at Hockenheim
- Jim Clark memorial room at Duns, Scotland
- Video clip: Jim Clark breaks records at Brands Hatch (July 1964)
- Jim Clark Memorial Rally
- Jim Clark statistics
- BBC News: Jim Clark killed in car smash
- "Remember Jim Clark", Roger Horton
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