Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/M2

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Directory of articles A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B - C1 - C2 - C3 - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - M4 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

1. Raphael Isaac Ben Aaron Mayo JE Talmudical scholar of Smyrna; died in 1810. He was the author of the following works: "Sefer Shorashe ha-Yam," commentary...
2. MaẒliah Ben Elijah Ibn AlbaẒaḲ JE Italian Talmudist of the eleventh century. The surname, Ibn al-Baẓaḳ, the meaning of which is unknown, shows that...
3. Judah B Abraham Padova MaẒliah JE Italian Talmudist, cabalist, and poet; rabbi of Modena, where he died Aug. 10, 1728. He was the author of two works: "Toka&#7717...
4. Mazovra (massuria) JE ...
5. MaẒẒah JE Bread that is free from leaven or other foreign elements. It is kneaded with water and without yeast or any other chemical...
6. MaẒẒebah JE ...
7. Alexander Mccaul JE English Christian missionary and author; born at Dublin May 16, 1799; died at London Nov. 13, 1863. He was educated at Trinity...
8. Meah JE ...
9. Meal-offering JE Comprehensive term for all sacrifices from the vegetable world; to designate these in the Old Testament the Hebrew word "min&#7717...
10. Me'asha JE Palestinian tanna, to whom one reference occurs in the Mishnah (Peah ii. 6), from which it appears that he lived in the time...
11. Me'assefim JE Name designating the group of Hebrew writers who between 1784 and 1811 published their works in the periodical "Ha-Me&#39...
12. Measures JE ...
13. Meat-tax JE In Austria, as everywhere else, the Jewish communities imposed a tax on meat, the revenue from which was used for communal...
14. Ha- Me'ati JE Family of translators which flourished at Rome in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Nathan b. Eliezer ha-Me'ati:...
15. Meborak Ha-nagid JE ...
16. Mechanic JE ...
17. Mechnikov JE See Novachovich, L. This article is Rated: 2.88 ...
18. Mecia (matthew) De Viladestes JE Jewish chartographer of Majorca at the beginning of the fifteenth century. He was the author of a map, dated 1413, formerly...
19. Mecklenburg JE Territory in North Germany; bounded on the north by the Baltic Sea. Formerly it constituted one duchy, but since 1701 it has...
20. Medals JE Soon after the revival of the art of engraving medals, about the middle of the fifteenth century, a few Jewish specimens were...
21. Medeba JE A town east of the Dead Sea and a few miles south of Heshbon. It was wrested from the Moabites by Sihon, King of the Amorites...
22. Medes JE ...
23. Media JE Ancient name of a country which is located south and west of the Caspian Sea, and is associated with events in Jewish history...
24. [[]] JE In the Apocryphal and Hellenistic literature the idea of mediatorship is more pronounced. Jeremiah is frequently mentioned...
25. Medicine JE The ancient Hebrew regarded health and disease as emanating from the same divine source. "I kill, and I make alive; I wound...
26. Medina JE Second sacred city of Islam; situated in the Hijaz in Arabia, about 250 miles north of Mecca. It is celebrated as the place...
27. Medina JE Prominent Jewish family, members of which lived during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries chiefly in Turkey and Egypt...
28. Sir Solomon De Medina JE English army contractor about 1711. He was a wealthy Jew who went to England with William III., and who attained some notoriety...
29. Hayyim Hezekiah Medini JE Palestinian rabbinical writer; born at Jerusalem 1833; son of Rabbi Raphael Eliahu Medini. At the age of nineteen, on completing...
30. Meged Yerahim JE ...
31. Megiddo JE Capital of one of the Canaanitish kings conquered by Joshua; assigned to Manasseh (Josh. xii. 21, xvii. 11; I Chron. vii....
32. Megillah JE Name of a treatise in the Mishnah and in the Tosefta, as well as in the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. It is the tenth...
33. Megillah Of Cairo JE ...
34. Megillat AnṬeyokos JE ...
35. Megillat Setarim JE Name of a roll supposed to have been found in the bet ha-midrash of R. Ḥiyya, and which contained halakot recorded by...
36. Megillat Ta'anit JE A chronicle which enumerates thirty-five eventful days on which the Jewish nation either performed glorious deeds or witnessed...
37. Megillat Yuhasin JE A lost work to which several references are made in the Talmud and Mishnah. In Yeb. 49b Ben 'Azzai, in support of a point...
38. The Five Megillot JE The "five rolls" ()—Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, and Esther. At the time of the formation of the...
39. Eliakim Mehlsack JE ...
40. Moritz Hermann Eduard Meier JE German philologist; born at Glogau, Silesia, Jan. 1, 1796; died at Halle Dec. 5, 1855. He was educated at the Graue Kloster...
41. Me'ilah JE Treatise of Seder Ḳodashim in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and the Babylonian Talmud. In the Mishnaic order this treatise is...
42. Moses SÄkel Meinek JE German scholar and editor; lived at Offenbach at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He published in 1715, under his...
43. MeÏr JE Tanna of the second century (fourth generation); born in Asia Minor. The origin of this remarkable scholar, one of the most...
44. MeÏr (maestro Bendig) Of Arles JE ...
45. MeÏr Ben Baruch Ha-levi JE Rabbi at Vienna from 1360 to 1390; a native of Fulda (Isserlein, "Terumat ha-Deshen," No. 81). His authority was acknowledged...
46. MeÏr Calw (calvo; JE Biblical commentator; the country and year of his birth are unknown. As he quotes Levi b. Gershon it may be assumed that he...
47. MeÏr Of Clisson JE French Talmudist of the first half of the thirteenth century. He is mentioned in an extract from "Pa'neaḥ Raza"...
48. MeÏr B David JE Grammarian of the last third of the thirteenth century. He wrote, under the title "Hassagat ha-Hassagah," a criticism of Ibn...
49. MeÏr Ben Eleazar JE French liturgical poet of the first half of the thirteenth century. He wrote: (1) a series of poems to be recited on the seventh...
50. MeÏr Ben Eliakim JE German liturgist; probably lived at Posen toward the end of the seventeenthcentury; author of "Meïr Elohim" (n.p., n...
51. MeÏr Ben Elijah Of Norwich JE English poet; flourished about 1260 at Norwich. One long elegiac poem and fifteen smaller ones by him are found in a Vatican...
52. MeÏr (moses MeÏr) B Ephraim Of Padua JE Scribe and printer at Mantua; died in Nov., 1583. After practising various professions he settled in Mantua as a scribe. He...
53. MeÏr B Gedaliah Of Lublin JE ...
54. MeÏr Ben Isaac Of Orleans JE French liturgical poet and, possibly, Biblical commentator of the end of the eleventh century. Meïr and his son Eleazar...
55. MeÏr B Isaac Of Trinquetaille JE French scholar of the twelfth century; a member of the family of Menahem Meïri of Perpignan. He was a native of Carcassonne...
56. MeÏr Ibn Jair JE Italian (?) Talmudist and grammarian of the sixteenth century. His family name seems to have been "Meïri"; for he is...
57. MeÏr Ben Joseph Ben Merwan Ha-levi JE French scholar; flourished at Narbonne in the twelfth century; brother of the nasi R. Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan, and pupil...
58. MeÏr Ḳadosh (meÏr Ben Jehiel Broda) JE Moravian Talmudist; born at Ungarisch-Brod in 1593. He is known for his "Megillat R. Meïr" (Cracow, 1632), in which he...
59. MeÏr Ha-kohen JE French scholar of the thirteenth century; born at Narbonne; died at Toledo, Spain, whither he had emigrated in 1263 (Israeli...
60. MeÏr Ben Levi JE Austrian Talmudist and Biblical commentator of the beginning of the eighteenth century; a native of Zolkiev. Under the title...
61. MeÏr Of Ostrowo JE See Margolioth, Meïr b. Ẓebi Hirsch. This article is Rated:&nbsp...
62. MeÏr Of Rothenburg (meÏr B Baruch; JE German tosafist, codifier, and liturgical poet; born at Worms about 1215; died in the fortress of Ensisheim, Alsace, May 2...
63. MeÏr Ben Samuel (ram) JE French tosafist; born about 1060 in Ramerupt; died after 1135. His father was an eminent scholar. Meïr received his education...
64. MeÏr B Samuel Of Sczebrszyn JE Hebrew author of the seventeenth century. In the disastrous years of 1648-49 he lived at Sczebrszyn, Russian Poland, an honored...
65. MeÏr Ben Simeon Of Narbonne JE Talmudist and controversialist; lived at Narbonne in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was a disciple of Nathan...
66. MeÏr B Solomon B David JE Grammarian of the end of the thirteenth century. He wrote a short but interesting grammatical work, which is extant only in...
67. MeÏr Ben Todros JE ...
68. Menahem Ben Solomon Me'iri JE Provençal Talmudist and commentator; born at Perpignan in 1249; died there in 1306; his Provençal name was Don Vidal...
69. Joshua Meisach JE Russian Hebrew author; born at Sadi, government of Kovno, 1848. Meisach has written and edited over one hundred works in Yiddish...
70. Meisel JE Bohemian family which became famous chiefly through Mordecai Marcus b. Samuel Meisel, "primate" of Prague. The family seems...
71. Meisel Synagogue JE Prague. This article is Rated: 2.35 ...
72. Dob Berush B Isaac Meisels JE Polish rabbi and statesman; born in Szezekoeiny about 1800; died in Warsaw March 17, 1870. He was a scion of one of the oldest...
73. Nahum Meisels JE ...
74. Meissen JE ...
75. Mekilta JE The halakic midrash to Exodus. The name "Mekilta," which corresponds to the Hebrew "middah" (= "measure," "rule"), was given...
76. Mekilta De-rabbi Shim'on JE Halakic midrash on Exodus from the school of R. Akiba. No midrash of this name is mentioned in Talmudic literature; but medieval...
77. Mekilta Le-sefer Debarim JE A halakic midrash to Deuteronomy from the school of Rabbi Ishmael. No midrash by this name is mentioned in Talmudic literature...
78. MeḲiẒe Nirdamim JE International society for the publication of old Hebrew books and manuscripts. It was established first at Lyck, Germany,...
79. Melammed JE A term which in Biblical times denoted a teacher or instructor in general (e.g., in Ps. cxix. 99 and Prov. v. 13), but which...
80. Melbourne JE Capital of the British colony of Victoria. Attempts were made to hold services in Melbourne in the house of M. Lazarus in...
81. Moritz Gerson Melchior JE Danish merchant; born in Copenhagen June 22, 1816; died there Sept 19, 1884. At the age of twenty-four he entered the firm...
82. Nathan Gerson Melchior JE Danish physician; born in Copenhagen Aug. 2, 1811; died there Jan. 30, 1872; brother of Moritz G. and Moses Melchior. Nathan...
83. Melchizedek JE King of Salem and priest of the Most High in the time of Abraham. He brought out bread and wine, blessed Abram, and received...
84. Meldola JE Subjoined is the genealogical tree of the Meldola family. The numbers in parentheses correspond to those given in the text...
85. Melihah JE The process of salting meat in order to make it ritually fit (kasher) for cooking. The prohibition against partaking of blood...
86. Melli JE Family of scholars and rabbis that derived its name from Melli, an Italian village in the province of Mantua. The family can...
87. David Abenatar Melo JE Rabbi and poet; born in Spain about 1550. His translation of some of the Psalms into Spanish verse brought him under the suspicion...
88. Moses Hay Melol JE Compositor and translator in Leghorn (1777-93); son of Jacob Raphael Melol and brother of David Ḥayyim Melol. He translated...
89. Alfred Mels JE German author; born at Berlin April 15, 1831; died at Summerdale, near Chicago, July 22, 1894. He studied at the University...
90. Melun JE Principal town of the department Seine-et-Marne, France. There was a very important Jewish community here as early as the...
91. Lewis (lewis S Benjamin) Melville JE English author; born in 1874. He is the author of the following works: "Life of Thackeray" (1899); "Thackeray's Stray...
92. Mem JE Thirteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; the meaning of the name is "water," the primitive shape of the letter resembling...
93. Memel JE City in the district of Königsberg, East Prussia. It has a population of 19,796, including 1,214 Jews (1900). The earliest...
94. Memor-book JE A manuscript list of localities or countries in which Jews have been persecuted, together with the names of the martyrs, and...
95. Memorial Dates JE Jewish communities, as a rule, have taken no note of birthdays of any of their members and only in rare cases of the dates...
96. Memorial Service JE Prayer for the dead is mentioned as early as the last pre-Christian century (see II Macc. xii. 44), and a sacrifice for the...
97. Memphis JE City of ancient Egypt, situated about ten miles south of modern Cairo. "Memphis" is the Greek form of the Egyptian "Menfe...
98. Memphis JE Largest city of the state of Tennessee in the United States of America. Although the year 1845 is designated as the date of...
99. Memra JE "The Word," in the sense of the creative or directive word or speech of God manifesting His power in the world of matter or...
100. Menahem JE King of Israel 748-738 B.C.; son of Gadi. Zachariah, the son of Jeroboam II., had at the end of six months' reign been...
101. Menahem B Aaron Ibn Zerah JE Spanish codifier; born in Navarre, probably at Estella, in the first third of the fourteenth century; died at Toledo July...
102. Menahem B Abraham JE ...
103. Menahem Ben Eliakim JE German scholar of the fourteenth century; a native of Bingen. He was the author of "'Aruk Goren," a dictionary of the...
104. Menahem Eliezer Ben Levi JE Lithuanian Talmudist; born at Wilna; died at Minsk Dec. 23, 1816. After studying Talmud under Solomon of Vilkomir he settled...
105. Menahem Ben Elijah JE Turkish liturgist of the fifteenth century; a native of Kastoria. He composed the following piyyuṭim: (1) "Mah ya&#7731...
106. Menahem The Essene JE Prominent teacher of the Essene faction in the time of King Herod, about the middle of the first pre-Christian century. He...
107. Menahem Ben Helbo JE ...
108. Menahem Ben Jacob Ben Solomon Ben Simson JE German synagogal poet; died at Worms April 16, 1203. He was a member of an old family of Jewish scholars connected with that...
109. Menahem Ben Jair JE Leader of the Sicarh. He was a grandson of Judas of Galilee, the founder of the Zealot party, of which the Sicarii were a...
110. Menahem B Joseph B Hiyya JE Gaon of Pumbedita 858-860. He was probably elected to the office of gaon rather on account of his father than for his own...
111. Menahem Ben Joseph Of Troyes JE Liturgical compiler; lived at Troyes in the thirteenth century, succeeding his father, Joseph Ḥazzan ben Judah, as &#7717...
112. Menahem B Judah JE Roman halakist of the twelfth century. There are few data regarding his life, neither the year of his birth nor that of his...
113. Menahem Ben Machir JE German liturgist of the eleventh century; a native of Ratisbon. His grandfather, also called Menahem b. Machir, was a nephew...
114. Menahem Mann Ben Solomon Ha-levi JE ...
115. Menahem Manuele B Baruch Ha-levi JE Polish rabbi and author; died in Lemberg 1742. He was a descendant of R. Joseph Cohen of Cracow (author of "She'erit Yosef")...
116. Menahem Mendel Ben Baruch Bendet JE Lithuanian Talmudist of the eighteenth century; born at Shklov; died in Palestine. He was a pupil of Elijah of Wilna, whose...
117. Menahem Of Merseburg JE German author; lived between 1420 and 1450. Of his life few details are known. Jacob Weil (Responsa, No. 133) speaks of him...
118. Menahem B Michael B Joseph Ha-Ḳara'i JE Karaite philosopher and poet; born in Babylon; a contemporary of Saadia. He corresponded with David al-Muḳamma&#7779...
119. Menahem B Moses Tamar JE Poet and commentator; probably a pupil of Mordecai Comtino of Constantinople; flourished in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries...
120. Menahem Obel JE ...
121. Menahem Ben Perez Of Joigny JE French tosafist and Biblical commentator of the twelfth century. Zadoc Kahn ("R. E. J." iii. 7) identifies him with Menahem...
122. Menahem Porto JE ...
123. Menahem Of Recanati JE ...
124. Menahem Ben SaruḲ (menahem B Jacob Ibn SaruḲ) JE Spanish philologist of the tenth century. He was a native of Tortosa, and went, apparently at an early age, to Cordova, where...
125. Menahem Ben Simeon JE French Biblical commentator at the end of the twelfth century; a native of Posquières and a pupil of Joseph Ḳim&#7717...
126. Menahem B Solomon B Isaac JE Author of the "Sekel Ṭob" and the "Eben Boḥan"; flourished in the first half of the twelfth century. The presence...
127. Menahem Of Tiktin (maharam Tiktin; Menahem David Ben Isaac) JE Polish rabbi and author of the sixteenth century; pupil of Moses Isserles. Menahem occupied himself with emending and annotating...
128. Menahem Vardimas Ben Perez The Elder JE French tosafist and liturgist; died at Dreux 1224. The name "Vardimas," found in Talmud Babli (Shab. 118b) as a bye-name of...
129. Menahem Ben Ẓebi JE German rabbi; died at Posen(?) in 1724. He was the pupil of R. Heschel and of Aaron Samuel Kaidanover (author of "Birkat ha-Zeba&#7717...
130. Menahem Zioni (Ẓiyyuni) B MeÏr Of Speyer JE Cabalist of the middle of the fifteenth century; author of the cabalistic commentary "Ẓiyyuni," from which he derives...
131. Menahem-zion Ben Solomon JE Polish rabbi and preacher; died at Altona in 1681. He was at first rabbi of Vladislav, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland...
132. Menahot JE Treatise in the Mishnah, in the Tosefta, and in the Babylonian Talmud. It discusses chiefly the more precise details of the...
133. MenaḲḲer JE ...
134. Menander JE Putative author of a collection of proverbs, in a Syriac manuscript in the British Museum, edited in 1862 by Land, and bearing...
135. Mende JE Capital of the ancient county of Gévaudan; now chief town in the department of Lozère, France. In the twelfth century...
136. Mendel JE Name of a prominent Hungarian family which flourished in the latter half of the fifteenth century and in the first half of...
137. Emanuel Mendel JE German physician; born at Bunzlau, Silesia, Oct. 28, 1839; educated at the universities of Breslau, Vienna, and Berlin (M...
138. Henriette Mendel JE Bavarian actress; born July 31, 1833; died at Munich Nov. 12, 1891. In early life she was noted for her beauty and histrionic...
139. Hermann Mendel JE Music publisher and writer; born at Halle Aug. 6, 1834; died at Berlin Oct. 26, 1876. He received his musical education at...
140. Leon Mendelsburg JE Russian teacher and writer; born at Hodava, Russian Poland, 1819; died at Warsaw March, 1897. He studied Talmud at Tomashov...
141. Joseph Mendelsohn JE German author; born at Jever Sept. 10, 1817; died at Hamburg April 4, 1856. He was admitted at an early age to the Jewish...
142. Martin Mendelsohn JE German physician; born at Posen Dec. 16, 1860; studied medicine at the universities of Leipsic and Berlin (M.D. 1885). After...
143. Samuel Mendelsohn JE American rabbi and scholar; born in Shillelen, province of Kovno, Russia, March 31, 1850. He was educated at the rabbinical...
144. Morritz Emanuilovich Mendelson JE Polish physiologist and physician; born at Warsaw 1855. He studied medicine at the University of Warsaw, and received his...
145. Moses Mendelson JE German Hebraist andwriter of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; born in Hamburg; died there at an advanced age in 1861...
146. Mendelssohn JE German family rendered illustrious by the philosopher and the musician. It can not verify its ancestry further back than the...
147. Mendes (mendez) JE Netherlandish family; one of the thirty prominent Jewish families which emigrated from Spain to Portugal under the leadership...
148. Mendes JE One of the oldest Sephardic families. It continued in Spain and in Spanish possessions long after 1492, the year of the general...
149. Catulle MendÈs JE French poet, dramatist, and art critic; born at Bordeaux May 22, 1841. Educated in his native city, he went in 1859 to Paris...
150. David Franco Mendes JE ...
151. Francisco Mendes JE Portuguese Marano; physician to Don Affonso, brother of the cardinal infante; lived in Lisbon in the sixteenth century. The...
152. Maurits Benjamin Da Costa Mendes JE Dutch philologist; born at Amsterdam May 16, 1851; entered the Athenæum (now the University) there in 1867 and studied...
153. Moses Mendes (mendez) JE English poet and dramatist; born in London; died at Old Buckenham, Norfolk, Feb. 4, 1758; son of James Mendes, a stock-broker...
154. Francisco Mendes-nasi JE Member of one of the richest and most respected Portuguese Marano families; died about 1536; husband of Beatrice de Luna....
155. Gracia Mendesia JE Philanthropist; born about 1510, probably in Portugal; died at Constantinople 1569; member of the Spanish family of Benveniste...
156. Sigismund Ferdinand Mendl JE English politician; born 1866. He was educated at Harrow School and University College, Oxford, and in 1888 was admitted to...
157. Jacob Wolf Mendlin JE Russian Hebrew economist; born at Moghilef-on-the-Dnieper 1842. He was the first of the Hebrew writers to treat of economic...
158. Daniel Mendoza JE English pugilist; born 1763 in White-chapel, London; died Sept. 3, 1836. Champion of England from 1792 to 1795, he was the...
159. Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin JE Words written by a mysterious hand on the wall of Belshazzar's palace, and interpreted by Daniel as predicting the doom...
160. Menelaus JE High priest from 171 to about 161 B.C.; successor of Jason, the brother of Onias III. The sources are divided as to his origin...
161. Menephtha JE ...
162. Anton Rafael Mengs JE Austrian painter; born in Aussig, Bohemia, March 12, 1728; died in Rome June 29, 1779; son of Ismael Israel Mengs. Anton Mengs...
163. Ismael Israel Mengs JE Danish portrait-painter; born in Copenhagen 1690; died in Dresden Dec. 26, 1765. He learned the art of miniature- and enamel-painting...
164. Menken JE American family, the first known member of which was Solomon Menken. Jacob Stanwood Menken: American merchant; born in...
165. Ada Isaacs Menken JE Anglo-American actress and writer; born June 15, 1835, at Milneburg, La.; died in Paris, France, Aug. 10, 1868. Her first...
166. Menorah JE The holy candelabrum. For Biblical Data See Candlestick. (see image) The Mosaic Menorah as Described in Rabbinical Literature...
167. Menorah JE ...
168. Menstruation JE The first appearance of the menses is known to depend on various factors—climate, occupation, residence in towns, etc...
169. Abraham Joseph Ben Simon Wolf Menz JE Rabbi at Frankfort-on-the-Main at the beginning of the eighteenth century. He wrote an elementary text-book on mathematics...
170. Mephibosheth JE Only son of Jonathan, son of Saul, first king of Israel. The chronicler gives him the name of Merib-baal (I Chron. viii. 34)...
171. Mequinez JE Town in the interior of Morocco, about 35 miles west-southwest of Fez. It contains about 6,000 Jews in a total population...
172. Merab JE The elder of Saul's two daughters (I Sam. xiv. 49; xviii. 17, 19). Saul formally offered Merab's hand to David with...
173. Moses Menahem Merari JE Poet and chief rabbi of Venice in the seventeenth century. He was one of the rabbis who signed the decision in regard to the...
174. Mercantile Law JE ...
175. Mercy JE ...
176. Merech JE Russian town in the government of Wilna. The earliest mention of Jews there is dated 1539, when a dispute was adjudicated...
177. Meribah JE 1. A place in Rephidim in the wilderness; called also "Massah and Meribah, because of the chiding of the children of Israel...
178. Date- Meridian JE Imaginary line fixed upon as the one along which the reckoning of the calendar day changes. East of this line the day is dated...
179. Merkabah JE The Heavenly Throne; hence "Ma'aseh Merkabah," the lore concerning the heavenly Throne-Chariot, with especial reference...
180. Merneptah JE Egyptian king, the fourth of the 19th dynasty; a prominent figure in the discussions concerning the historicalness and chronology...
181. Merodach-baladan JE King of Babylon (712 B.C.), who sent letters and a present to Hezekiah, King of Judah, when the latter had recovered from...
182. Merom JE "The waters of Merom" is given in Josh. xi. 5 as the name of the place at which the hosts of the peoples of northern Palestine...
183. Meron JE City of Galilee, situated on a mountain, three miles northwest of Safed and four miles south of Giscala, with which city it...
184. Merv JE District town in Russian Central Asia, on the River Murgab. The town sprang up when the district was annexed to Russia in...
185. Merwan Ha-levi JE French philanthropist of the second half of the eleventh century; one of the most prominent Jews of Narbonne, who devoted...
186. Abraham Merzbacher JE German banker; born 1812 at Baiersdorf near Erlangen; died June 4, 1885, at Munich. He at first intended to follow a rabbinical...
187. Meseritz JE ...
188. Mesha JE King of Moab, tributary to Ahab, King of Israel. He was a sheepmaster, and paid the King of Israel an annual tax consisting...
189. Mesha (me'asha) JE Palestinian amora; lived in the third century at Lydda, in Judea. He seems to have lost his parents when a child, for he was...
190. Meshershaya Bar PaḲod JE Babylonian amora of the sixth and last generation; lived in Sura. In the persecution of Jews by Perozes (Firuz), King of Persia...
191. Meshullam Ben David JE German tosafist of the twelfth or of the first half of the thirteenth century. He was the son of the tosafist and liturgist...
192. Meshullam Ben Isaac Salem Ben Joseph JE Italian poet; lived successively at Mantua and Venice at the end of the sixteenth century and at the beginning of the seventeenth...
193. Meshullam Ben Israel JE Talmudic scholar of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; author of "Mar'eh Meḳom ha-Dinim" (Cracow, 1647), an...
194. Meshullam Ben Jacob Of Lunel JE French Talmudist; died at Lunel in 1170. He directed a Talmudic school which produced several famous men, and was an intimate...
195. Meshullam Ben Joel Ha-kohen JE Galician Talmudist; died at Lemberg Sept. 25, 1809. At first rabbi at Zurawno (Galicia), he was called to Koretz to succeed...
196. Meshullam Ben Jonah JE Physician and translator of the thirteenth century. It appears that he lived in southern France. He occupied himself with...
197. Meshullam Ben Kalonymus Ben Todros JE French scholar of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries; nasi of Narbonne. Meshullam sided with Judah al-Fakhkhar in his attacks...
198. Meshullam Ben Machir (don Bonet Crescas De Lunel) JE French scholar; settled at Perpignan, where he died in 1306. Abba Mari, who was a relative of Meshullam, lamented the latter&#39...
199. Meshullam Ben Nathan Of Melun JE French tosafist; born at Narbonne about 1120. He was a member of the rabbinical college of Narbonne and, with Abraham ben...
200. Meshullam Phoebus Ben Israel Samuel JE Chief rabbi of Cracow; born about 1547; died at Cracow Oct. 17, 1617. Meshullam is first known as the head of a flourishing...
201. Meshullam Ben Solomon JE Poet; lived at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Although Jedaiah Bedersi, in his "Iggeret Hitnaẓẓelut...
202. Meshullam Tysmenitz JE ...
203. Meshummad JE ...
204. Meshwi Al-'ukbari JE Founder of the Jewish sect Al-'Ukbariyyah (Okbarites), which derived its name from the city of 'Ukbara, near Bagdad...
205. Mesopotamia JE ...
206. Mesquita JE Castilian family, members of which, during the period of the Inquisition, found their way to Holland, England, and America...
207. Moses Gomez De Mesquita JE Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews of England; born in 1688; died May 8, 1751. Mesquita was appointed haham in 1744...
208. Messenger JE ...
209. Leon (judah Ben Jehiel Rofe) Messer JE Italian rabbi, physician, and philosopher; flourished in Mantua in the latter half of the fifteenth century. He is said to...
210. Messiah JE The Name. The name or title of the ideal king of the Messianic age; used also without the article as a proper name—"Mashia&#7717...
211. False Messiah JE ...
212. Messianic Prophecy JE ...
213. Messianic Year JE ...
214. Messina JE Italian city, "at the point of Sicily, on the strait called Lunir, which divides Calabria from Sicily." ("Itinerary" of Benjamin...
215. Messing JE Prussian family, members of which in the nineteenth century settled in the United States of America. Joseph Messing: Talmudist...
216. Metals JE Although Deut. viii. 9 describes the Promised Land as one rich in ore, Palestine itself was really almost without metals,...
217. MeṬaṬron JE Name of an angel found only in Jewish literature. Elisha b. Abuyah, seeing this angel in the heavens, believed there were...
218. Metempsychosis JE ...
219. Meter In The Bible JE The question whether the poetical passages of the Old Testament show signs of regular rhythm or meter is yet unsolved; the...
220. Methodology JE ...
221. Metrology JE ...
222. Metuentes JE Term used in the Latin inscriptions by Juvenal for Jewish proselytes. It corresponds to the Greek term σεβ&#972...
223. Meturgeman JE With the return of the exiles from captivity the religious instruction of the people was put into the hands of the Levites...
224. Metz JE Early Conditions. German fortified city in Lorraine; it has a population of 58,462, including 1,451 Jews. According to ancient...
225. Isaac Metz JE German scholar; lived at Hamburg in the first half of the nineteenth century. He compiled a catalogue, entitled "Ḳehillat...
226. Pauline Metzler-lÖwy JE Austrian contralto singer; born at Theresienstadt, Bohemia, Aug. 31, 1853. At the age of seven she entered the Prague Conservatorium...
227. Mexico JE ...
228. Adolph Meyer JE American congressman; born at New Orleans, La., Oct. 19, 1842. He was a student at the University of Virginia when the Civil...
229. Albert Meyer JE Danish tenor singer; born Oct. 29, 1839, at Sorö, Zealand. In 1860 he sang in the chorus of the Royal Theater, Copenhagen...
230. Annie Meyer JE American writer; born in New York city Feb. 19, 1867. She early revealed literary gifts, and articles from her pen appeared...
231. Arthur Meyer JE French journalist; born at Havre 1846. When still a youth he went to Paris and bought and edited the "Revue de Paris," which...
232. David Amsel Meyer JE Danish financier; born in Copenhagen Jan. 18, 1753; died there Aug. 30, 1813. Meyer started in business for himself at a very...
233. Edvard Meyer JE Danish journalist and author; born Aug. 6, 1813, in Copenhagen; died there Aug. 4, 1880. He was the son of very poor parents...
234. Ernst Meyer JE Danish genre painter; born May 11, 1797, at Altona, Sleswick-Holstein; died in Rome Feb. 1, 1861. He studied at the Academy...
235. Friederich Christian Meyer JE Jewish convert to Christianity; born at Hamburg in the second half of the seventeenth century; died in Belgium about 1738...
236. Leopold Meyer JE Danish physician; born in Copenhagen Nov. 1, 1852. After graduating from the university of that city (M.D. 1880) he went abroad...
237. Louis Meyer JE Polish poet; born in the village of Sluzewo (Sluzhew), government of Warsaw, Russian Poland, 1796; died March 25, 1869. He...
238. Ludwig Meyer JE German psychiatrist; born at Bielefeld Dec. 27, 1827; died at Göttingen Feb. 8, 1900. He studied medicine at the universities...
239. Ludwig Beatus Meyer JE Danish author; born in Gandersheim, Brunswick, Jan. 3, 1780; died in Copenhagen July 28, 1854. From 1802 to 1805 he lived...
240. Moritz Meyer JE German physician; born at Berlin Nov. 10, 1821; died there Oct. 30, 1893. After studying at the universities of Heidelberg...
241. M Wilhelm Meyer JE German astronomer; born at Brunswick Feb. 15, 1853. He first engaged in the book-trade, but soon gave it up and pursued astronomical...
242. Rachel Meyer JE German authoress; born in Danzig March 11, 1806; died in Berlin Feb. 8, 1874. A few years after the death of her sister Frederika...
243. Samuel Meyer JE German rabbi; born in Hanover Feb. 26, 1819; died there July 5, 1882. He studied Talmud in his native city and at Frankfort-on-the-Main...
244. Sara (baronin Von Grotthusz) Meyer JE German authoress, and leader of a salon; born in Berlin in the latter half of the eighteenth century; died at Oranienburg...
245. Victor Meyer JE German chemist; born in Berlin Sept. 8, 1848; died in Heidelberg in 1897. He was inclined toward literature and the stage...
246. Giacomo Meyerbeer JE German composer; born at Berlin Sept. 5, 1791; died at Paris May 2, 1864. His real name was Jakob Liebmann Beer; but he changed...
247. Berisch (baer) Meysels JE ...
248. Meyuhas JE Oriental Jewish family which gave several rabbinical writers to Jerusalem and Constantinople. Abraham ben Samuel Meyu&#7717...
249. Meza (mesa) JE A family of Amsterdam distinguished for the number of its members that filled rabbinic offices. Abraham Ḥayyim de Jacob...
250. Christian Jacob Theophilus De Meza JE Danish physician and author; born in Copenhagen Nov. 26, 1756; died there April 6, 1844. He was a son of the physician Christian...
251. Christian Julius Frederik (solomon) De Meza JE Danish physician; born in Amsterdam Sept. 4, 1727; died in Copenhagen June, 1800. Meza, who was the son of a Portuguese rabbi...
252. Ernest Mezei JE Hungarian deputy and journalist; born at Satoralja-Ujhely, Hungary, in May, 1851. He completed his school career partly in...
253. Moritz Mezei JE Hungarian jurist and deputy; born at Satoralja-Ujhely Jan. 17, 1836. He studied law in Budapest, and even as a student took...
254. Franz Mezey JE Hungarian juristand author; born at Acsad Feb. 5, 1860. His parents had destined him for a rabbinical career, but after reaching...
255. Mezuzah JE Name given to a rectangular piece of parchment inscribed with the passages Deut. vi. 4-9 and xi. 13-21, written in twenty-two...
256. Reuben Ezekiel Mhushilkar JE Beni-Israel soldier. He enlisted in the 19th Regiment Native Infantry Jan. 15, 1849, was made jemidar Oct. 1, 1861, and promoted...
257. Micah JE 1. Prophet; author of the sixth book in the collection known as "The Twelve Minor Prophets" (Mic. i. 1). The name of the prophet...
258. Book Of Micah JE The sixth book in the collection known as "The Twelve Minor Prophets"; it is ascribed to Micah the Morasthite (see Micah No...
259. Micha JE 1. Son of Mephibosheth (see Micah No. 3). 2. One of the Levites who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah (Neh. x. 11).E. G. H...
260. Michael JE One of the archangels one of the chief princes"; Dan. x. 13), who is also represented as the tutelary prince of Israel (ib...
261. Michael Hasid JE ...
262. Heimann Joseph Michael JE Hebrew bibliographer; born at Hamburg April 12, 1792; died there June 10, 1846. He showed great acuteness of mind in early...
263. Isaac Michael JE German laryngologist; born at Hamburg Nov. 16, 1848; died there Jan. 7, 1897. He studied at the universities of Heidelberg...
264. Michael Jesofovich JE Senior of the Jews of Lithuania under King Sigismund I. of Poland; born at Brest-Litovsk about the middle of the fifteenth...
265. Max Michael JE German painter; born in Hamburg March 23, 1823; died at Berlin March 24, 1891. He studied art first at the Kunst-Akademie...
266. Michael Ben Moses Cohen JE Palestinian rabbi and liturgist; lived at Jerusalem in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Moreh Ẓedeḳ" (Salonica...
267. Moses Gerson Michael JE American merchant and capitalist; born Aug. 15, 1862, at Jefferson, Ga. At an early age he graduated as B.E. from the University...
268. Michael Ben Shabbethai JE Rabbi of Rome in the sixteenth century. In a decision of 1539 his signature reads "Michael b. Shabbethai ," the last word...
269. Michael Ben Shabbethai Cohen Balbo JE Greek scholar, Hebrew poet, and preacher; born March 27, 1411. A manuscript preserved in the Vatican (No. 305) contains several...
270. Johann David Michaelis JE Christian Orientalist and polyhistor; born at Halle Feb. 27, 1717; died at Göttingen Aug. 22, 1791; grandnephew of Johann...
271. Johann Heinrich Michaelis JE German Christian theologian and Hebraist; born at Kletterberg July 26, 1668; died at Halle March 10, 1738. He studied Ethiopic...
272. Michaelmas Geese JE ...
273. Michal JE The younger of the two daughters of Saul, probably by Ahinoam (I Sam. xiv. 49-50). David, then a boy of about sixteen, was...
274. Michel Jud JE A public character prominent in his day for wealth and influence; born about the end of the fifteenth century at Derenburg...
275. Albert A Michelson JE American physicist; born at Strelno, in the district of Bromberg, Prussia, Dec. 19, 1852. His father, Samuel Michelson, emigrated...
276. Michigan JE One of the Western states of the United States of America. There are no records of the settlement of Jews in Michigan prior...
277. Michmash JE A town of Benjamin, east of Beth-aven (I Sam. xiii. 2 et passim; Neh. xi. 31). The form "Michmas" () occurs in Ezra ii. 27...
278. Micrococcus Prodigiosus JE A microscopical organism, first mentioned in 1819 by an Italian doctor, Vincenzo Sette, who observed it on polenta, a sort...
279. Microcosm JE Philosophical term applied to man when contrasted with the universe, which, in this connection, is termed the macrocosm. The...
280. Judah Middleman JE English rabbi of the first half of the nineteenth century. He was the author of "Netibot Emet," a work written in defense...
281. Middot JE Treatise in the Mishnah; tenth in the order Ḳodashim. It deals with the dimensions and the arrangement of the Temple...
282. Of Hillel Middot The Seven JE ...
283. Shelosh-'esreh Middot JE The thirteen forms of mercy, enumerated in Ex. xxxiv. 6-7, whereby God rules the world. According to the explanation of Maimonides...
284. Of R Ishmael Middot The Thirteen JE ...
285. Midian And Midianites JE Midian was the son of Abraham and Keturah. His five sons, Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abidah (R. V. "Abida"), and Eldaah, were the...
286. Midrash JE A term occurring as early as II Chron. xiii. 22, xxiv. 27, though perhaps not in the sense in which it came to be used later...
287. Midrash Haggadah JE The subject will be treated under the following headings: see table Connotation of Haggadah.Midrash Haggadah embraces the...
288. Midrash Halakah JE Strictly speaking, the verification of the traditionally received Halakah by identifying its sources in the Bible and by interpreting...
289. Midrash Mishle JE ...
290. Midrash Shemuel JE ...
291. Midrash Tanhuma JE ...
292. Midrash Tehillim JE ... # Smaller Midrashim JE A number of midrashim exist which are smaller in size, and generally later in date, than those dealt with in the articles...
293. Midwife JE Midwives are referred to in the Bible as having been employed among the Hebrews at an early period; thus Rachel and Tamar...
294. Mieczyslav Iii JE ...
295. Miedzyboz (medzhibozh) JE Russian town in the government of Podolia; it has a total population of 5,100, including 3,400 Jews. Among the latter there...
296. Miedzyrzecz JE Town in the government of Siedlce, Russian Poland; near Warsaw. It has (1904) a population of 13,681, of whom 9,000 are Jews...
297. Moses Mielziner JE American rabbi and author; born at Schubin, province of Posen, Germany, Aug. 12, 1828; died at Cincinnati Feb. 18, 1903. His...
298. Mieses JE A family of German and Austrian scholars of the nineteenth century, of which the following are prominent members: Fabius...
299. Ibn Migas JE ...