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1. Gabbai JE Tax-collector; in modern usage, treasurer of a synagogue. In Talmudic times the alms of the congregation appear to have been...
2. Gabbai JE A family the members of which were found in Spain in the fifteenth century, and in Italy and the Levant from the seventeenth...
3. Gabbatha JE Town corresponding to the Biblical "Gibeah," mentioned in the Septuagint (I Chron. xii. 3), in Josephus ("Ant." v. 1, &#167...
4. Gabes Tunisia JE ...
5. Solomon Ibn Gabirol JE ...
6. Abraham Ben Jacob Gabishon JE Algerian physician and scholar; descended from a Granada family; died at Tlemçen in 1605. He established himself as a...
7. Gabriel JE With Michael, Gabriel is mentioned by name in the Book of Daniel, where he explains to Daniel his visions (Dan. viii. 16-26...
8. Gabriel B Judah LÖw JE ...
9. Gabriel Ben Judah Of Vitry JE Italian physician; flourished in the sixteenth century. His name seems to indicate that he was a native of Vitry, France,...
10. Gabriel Of Milhaud JE French physician and translator; flourished in the second half of the sixteenth century. He translated, in 1583, under the...
11. Gabriel B Reuben Israel Ha-kohen JE ...
12. Ossip Gabrilovitch JE Russian pianist; born in St. Petersburg Feb. 7, 1878. When only four years old he evinced a remarkable talent for music, and...
13. Gad JE The seventh of Jacob's sons, the first-born of Zilpah, himself the father of seven sons (Gen. xxx. 10, 11; xlvi. 16; Num...
14. Gadara JE A Hellenistic city, situated southeast of the Sea of Gennesaret. It was rebuilt by Pompey, and afterward given to Herod the...
15. Gadarenes JE Inhabitants of Gadara, known from an alleged miracle of Jesus (Matt. viii.; Mark v.; Luke viii.) in which he transferred the...
16. Stephan (daniel) Von Gaden JE Russian physician at the court of Moscow under the czars Alexis Mikhailovich and Feodor Alekseyevich; born in Poland, of Jewish...
17. Gadfly JE Marginal rendering in the Revised Version of the Hebrew "ḳereẓ" (Jer. xlvi. 20), where "destruction" is given...
18. Jacob Gaffarel (gaffarellus) JE French Christian rabbinical scholar; born at Mannes, Provence, 1601; died at Sigonce 1681. He devoted himself to the study...
19. Gagin JE Rabbinical family of Castilian origin which emigrated to Morocco in 1492, and in the eight eenth century to Palestine. The...
20. John Gagnier JE French Christian Orientalist; born at Paris about 1670; died at Oxford March 2, 1740. Gagnier devoted himself early to the...
21. Solomon Gai JE Italian scholar and Hebraist; born at Mantua 1600; died there Aug., 1638. Gai is chiefly known as the correspondent and friendof...
22. Gaillac JE Small town in the department of Tarn, France; mentioned as in the Responsa (No. 47) of Nissim ben Reuben Gerundi. Jews were...
23. Maestro (isaac Ben Mordecai) Gajo JE Physician to Pope Nicholas IV. or Boniface VIII. at the end of the thirteenth century. For him Nathan of Cento translated...
24. Galante JE Jewish family which flourished at the beginning of the sixteenth century in Rome, and the head of which, Mordecai, was a Spanish...
25. Galatia JE An inland district of Asia Minor, and, after 25 B.C., a province of the Roman empire. There was a Jewish settlement there...
26. Galatz JE ...
27. Galbanum JE ...
28. Gal'ed JE ...
29. Galen (galenus Claudius) JE Greek physician and philosopher; born at Pergamus, Mysia, about 131; died about 200. Eclipsed by those of Aristotle, Galen&#39...
30. Austria Galicia JE Province of Austria; acquired at the partition of Poland, 1772, and which, except for some small territorial changes, has...
31. Spain Galicia JE An ancient province in the northwestern part of Spain; a barren, mountainous region where Jews settled sparsely in the eleventh...
32. Galilee JE In the Greek period the customary name for the northern division of western Palestine. The name is formed from "ha-Galil,"...
33. Moses Ben Elijah Galina JE Greek scholar and translator; lived at Candia in the fifteenth century. His best known work is "Toledot Adam" (Constantinople...
34. Elijah Galipapa JE Rabbi of Rhodes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; probably born in Bulgaria. He emigrated to Palestine, but later...
35. Hayyim Galipapa JE Spanish rabbi; son of Abraham Galipapa; born at Monzon about 1310; died about 1380. He was rabbi at Huesca, and later at Pamplona...
36. Hayyim Meborak Galipapa JE Bulgarian rabbi; lived and taught at Sofia about 1650 (Conforte, "Ḳore ha-Dorot," p. 52a).G. M. K. ...
37. Gallah JE Epithet originally applied to Catholic priests on account of their tonsure. Later the same epithet was extended to Greek Orthodox...
38. Joseph Shalom De Shalom Gallego JE Neo-Hebraic poet; died in Palestine Nov. 25, 1624. He was the first ḥazzan of the first synagogue erected in Amsterdam...
39. Gallery JE An elevated floor, or a balcony, in the interior of a church, synagogue, or other large building, resting on columns, and...
40. Elisha Ben Gabriel Gallico JE Palestinian Talmudist; died at Safed about 1583. He was a pupil of Joseph Caro. After the death of his master, Gallico was...
41. Samuel Gallico JE Italian Talmudist and cabalist; lived in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was a pupil of Moses Cordovero and the...
42. Gallipoli JE Seaport town in European Turkey, at the northeast end of the Dardanelles and about 135 miles from Constantinople. It has a...
43. Gallows JE A framework consisting of one or more upright posts supporting a cross-beam, and used for executing those sentenced to death...
44. Caius Cestius Gallus JE Consul "suffectus" in 42 C.E. Pliny ("Historia Naturalis," xxxiv. 48) calls him "consularis," i.e.," retired consul." According...
45. Galut JE ...
46. Galveston JE Chief commercial city of the state of Texas; on Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. It was founded in 1836, and has a population...
47. Gaspard Da Gama JE German-Jewish mariner of the fifteenth century. According to his own story, Gaspard da Gama was born in Posen, and while still...
48. Vasco Da Gama JE Portuguese discoverer of the highway to India by sea. Like Columbus, he was materially aided in his voyage by Abraham Zacuto...
49. Gamala JE City in Palestine, opposite Taricheæ, beyond Lake Tiberias. It had an unusually strong position on the side of a mountain...
50. Gamaliel JE Name which occurs in the Bible only as a designation of the prince of the tribe of Manasseh (Num. i. 10; ii. 20; vii. 54,...
51. Gamaliel I JE Son of Simon and grandson of Hillel: according to a tannaitic tradition (Shab.15a), he was their successor as nasi and first...
52. Gamaliel Ii JE The recognized head of the Jews in Palestine during the last two decades of the first and at the beginning of the second century...
53. Gamaliel Iii JE Son of Judah I., who before his death appointed him his successor as nasi (Ket. 103a). Scarcely anything has been handed down...
54. Gamaliel Iv JE Son and successor of the patriarch Judah II., and father of the patriarch Judah III. The period of activity of these patriarchs...
55. Gamaliel V JE Son and successor of the patriarch Hillel II.; celebrated in connection with the perfecting of the Jewish calendar in 359...
56. Gamaliel Vi JE The last patriarch. The decree of the emperors Honorius and Theodosius II. (Oct. 17, 415) contains interesting data concerning...
57. Gamaliel Ben Pedahzur JE The pseudonym of the unknown author of a work on the Jewish ritual, the title-page of which reads. "The Book of Religion,...
58. Gambling JE Playing at games, especially games of chance, for money. Among the ancient Israelites no mention is made of games of chance...
59. Games And Sports JE Playful methods of enjoying leisure moments. The ancient Hebrews practised target-shooting with arrows (I Sam. xx. 20; Job...
60. Gan 'eden JE ...
61. Gan Sha'ashu'im JE ...
62. Lorenzo Ganganelli JE ...
63. David Ben Solomon Ben Seligman Gans JE German historian; astronomer; born at Lippstadt, Westphalia, 1541; died at Prague Aug. 25, 1613. After having acquired a fair...
64. Eduard Gans JE German jurist; born at Berlin March 22, 1798; died there May 5, 1839. He was the son of the banker Abraham Gans, and received...
65. Solomon Philip Gans JE German jurist; born 1788; lived at Celle, Hanover. He was the author of: "Das Erbrecht des Napoleonischen, Gesetzbuches f&#252...
66. Solomon Ganzfried JE Hungarian rabbi and author; born at Ungvar about 1800; died there July 30, 1886. He frequented the yeshibah of Hirsch Heller...
67. Gaon JE An influential Jewish family in Vitoria, Spain. Don Gaon: Chief farmer of taxes under Henry IV. of Castile, whose suite...
68. Gaon JE The title of "gaon," probably an abbreviation of (Ps. xlvii. 5), was given to the heads of the two Babylonian academies...
69. Gap JE ...
70. Bernardo (benjamin?) NuÑez Garcia JE Spanish poet; lived in Amsterdam about the middle of the eighteenth century. His little burlesques and occasional poems are...
71. Garden JE ...
72. Garlic JE ...
73. Garments JE ...
74. Samuel Garmison JE Palestinian rabbi of the seventeenth century. He was a native of Salonica, and settled in Jerusalem, where he became rabbi...
75. Nehorai Garmon JE Rabbi of Tunis; poet; born at Tripoli about 1682; died at Tunis 1760. Garmon went to Tunis at twenty, and studied Talmud under...
76. Bet Garmu JE A family of skilled bakers employed in the Temple at Jerusalem as bakers of the showbread (Ex. xxv. 30). They kept secret...
77. Garnishment JE In law, the process by which A collects his demand from his debtor, B, by attaching money owing to B from a third person;...
78. Joseph Gart JE Provençal liturgical poet and commentator; probably lived at Aix in the fifteenth century. The surname is, according...
79. Gustav GÄrtner JE Austrian physician; born at Pardubitz, Bohemia, Sept. 28, 1855. He received his education at the gymnasium at Königgr&#228...
80. Abraham Gascon JE Scholar of the sixteenth century. Gascon had in his possession Samuel of Sarsah's "Miklal Yofi," to which he added marginal...
81. Moses Gaster JE Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese congregation, London; born in Bucharest Sept. 16, 1856. Having taken a degree in his native...
82. Isaac Gastfreund JE Galician rabbinical scholar; born about 1845; died in Vienna after 1880. He was the author of "Toledot Rabbi 'A&#7731...
83. Gate JE This denotes not so much a contrivance like a door () for barring ingress and egress, as the passageway and the group of buildings...
84. Gath JE One of the five principal cities of the Philistines (Josh. xiii. 3; I Sam. vi. 17). The name occurs in the El-Amarna tablets...
85. Gatigno JE Name (Spanish) of a family known in the fourteenth century, and still flourishing in Turkey; it is probably derived from the...
86. Jacob Ibn Gau JE ...
87. Gaulonitis JE Section of country east of the Jordan and of the Sea of Galilee; so called particularly in the first century C.E. It is frequently...
88. Gaunse (gaunz, Ganse, Gans), Joachim (jeochim, Jochim) JE German mining expert who figures in the English state papers of the reign of Elizabeth. He was born at Prague, and was therefore...
89. MeÏr Gavison JE Egyptian scholar; flourished in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He was one of the rabbis at Cairo at the time of...
90. Gaya JE Town in the Austrian province of Moravia. In official records Jews at Gaya are first mentioned toward the end of the seventeenth...
91. Gaza JE Palestinian city on the Mediterranean, about 85 kilometers southeast of Jerusalem. In early times it was one of the terminals...
92. Gazara JE Fortified city in Palestine; situated on the borders of Azotus, not far from Emmaus-Nicopolis on the west. Gazara has been...
93. Gazelle JE ...
94. Geba JE A city of Benjamin, among the group of towns lying along the northern boundary (Josh. xviii. 24). Geba and its suburbs were...
95. Gebal JE A later designation for the northern part of the Edomite mountain, called "Gebalene" by the Greeks; it occurs in Ps. lxxxiii...
96. Gebalena JE ...
97. Geber JE Son of Geber; mentioned (I Kings iv. 13) as one of Solomon's district commissariat officers who resided in the fortress...
98. Gebiha Of Argizah JE Babylonian scholar of the fifth century; contemporary of Ashi, the projector of the Babylonian Gemara compilation. Huna b...
99. Gebiha Of Be-katil JE Babylonian halakist of the fifth century; junior of Aḥa b. Jacob, Abaye, and Raba; from all of these he learned halakot...
100. Gebiha B Pesisa JE ...
101. Gebini JE Officer of the Second Temple, whose duty was at certain times of each day to announce the rite to be performed, and to remind...
102. Gebini B Harson JE A Jewish Crœsus, cited as a realistic illustration of Eccl. iv. 8. The Midrash thus dissects the verse: "There is one...
103. Gebweiler JE Town of Alsace, in the consistorial district of Colmar and rabbinate of Sulz. The first document referring to its Jewish community...
104. Gecko JE ...
105. Gedallah JE Son of Ahikam, through whose influence Jeremiah was saved from the fury of the mob, and grandson of Shaphan the scribe (Jer...
106. Gedaliah Cordovero JE ...
107. Gedaliah, Judah, Don JE Portuguese printer; born in Lisbon, where he was engaged as foreman in the printing-house of Eliezer Toledano. Driven out...
108. Judah Ben Moses Gedaliah (gadilia) JE Turkish rabbi; lived at Salonica in the sixteenth century. He was the author of (1) "Masoret Talmud Yerushalmi," an index...
109. Gedaliah Ibn Yahya JE See Ibn Yaḥya.
110. Gediliah JE Rabbi and Talmudist of the seventeenth century; came originally from Jerusalem, traveled in Italy, and lived in Leghorn; he...
111. Gedor JE Son of Jehiel, father of Gibeon and ancestor of Saul (I Chron. viii. 31, ix. 37).2. Son of Penuel (I Chron. iv. 4).3. Son...
112. Die Gegenwart JE ...
113. Ge-harashim JE Town—the name of which means "the valley of craftsmen"—founded by Joab, one of the tribe of Judah (I Chron. iv...
114. Gehazi JE Elisha's servant (II Kings iv. 12 et seq.; v. 20, 21, 25; viii. 4-5).—Biblical Data: Gehazi is mentioned first in...
115. Gehenna JE The place where children were sacrificed to the god Moloch was originally in the "valley of the son of Hinnom," to the south...
116. Ge-hinnom JE Name of the valley to the south and south-west of Jerusalem (Josh. xv. 8, xviii. 16; Neh. xi. 30; II Kings xxiii. 10; II Chron...
117. Abraham Geiger JE German rabbi and scholar; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main May 24, 1810; died at Berlin Oct. 23, 1874; son of Rabbi Michael Lazarus...
118. Lazarus Geiger JE German philologist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main May 21, 1829; died there Aug. 29, 1870. His father was Solomon Michael Geiger...
119. Ludwig Geiger JE German literary historian; son of Abraham Geiger; born at Breslau June 5, 1848. After having been educated for the rabbinate...
120. Der Geist Der PharisÄischen Lehre JE ...
121. Simon Von Geldern JE Traveler and author; born 1720; died 1774. He was the great-uncle of Heine, who describes him in his "Memoirs" as an adventurer...
122. Gelil Ha-goyim JE ...
123. Gelilah JE The wrapping of the scroll of the Law in its vestments after the lesson has been read from it. In the German ritual it follows...
124. Peter Isaacovich Geller JE Russian painter; born at Shklov Dec. 10, 1862. He studied at the Odessa School of Design, and entered (1878) the St. Petersburg...
125. Gemara JE ...
126. Gemara Niggun JE The chant used by students in reading the Talmud. See Cantillation.
127. Gemariah JE Son of Shaphan the scribe. It was in Gemariah's chamber that Baruch read to the people the prophecy of Jeremiah (Jer....
128. GemaṬria JE A cryptograph which gives, instead of the intended word, its numerical value, or a cipher produced by the permutation of letters...
129. Deutsch - Israelitischer Gemeindebund JE An association of Jewish corporations in Germany, founded July 3, 1869, on the occasion of the Jewish synod at Leipsic, and...
130. Uriel Von Gemmingen JE ...
131. Gems JE Precious stones, usually cut or polished for ornamental or other uses. Gems were not indigenous to Palestine; they were imported...
132. Genappe JE ...
133. Elijah Hayyim Ben Benjamin Of Genazzano JE Italian physician, theologian, and cabalist; flourished in the first half of the sixteenth century. He had a religious controversy...
134. Genealogy JE A list, in the order of succession, of ancestors and their descendants. The Pentateuchal equivalent for "genealogies" is "toledot"...
135. Generation JE This many-sided word, like its equivalents in the modern versions of the Bible, is used to translate the Hebrew "dor" and...
136. Length Of Generation JE The number of years that elapse before the children of one set of human beings arrive at a marriageable age. This number has...
137. The Book Of Genesis JE The first book of the Torah, and therefore of the whole Bible, is called by the Jews "Bereshit," after the initial word; by...
138. Geneva JE Capital of the Swiss canton of the same name; situated at the southwest end of Lake Geneva; population (1900) about 80,000...
139. Genizah JE The storeroom or depository in a synagogue; a cemetery in which worn-out and heretical or disgraced Hebrew books or papers...
140. Lake Of Gennesaret JE A lake which takes its name ("Gennesaret" or "Gennesar"; I Macc. xi. 67; Luke v. 1; and in Josephus) from the small fruitful...
141. Genoa JE An important Italian seaport on the Gulf of Genoa; also a former republic of the same name. It is very probable that even...
142. Gentile JE A word of Latin origin (from "gens"; "gentilis"), designating a people not Jewish, commonly applied to non-Jews. The term...
143. Gentili JE Italian family of Gorizia, several members of which were eminent rabbis and Talmudic authorities. Of these the most important...
144. Genubath JE Son of Hadad the Edomite by an Egyptian princess, the sister-in-law of the Pharaoh who governed Egypt at the time of David...
145. Genuflexion JE ...
146. Geographers JE Persons proficient in describing the surface of the earth. Jews have contributed in different ways to the advancement of geographical...
147. Geomancy JE Divination by means of points made in sand, or by means of pebbles or grains of sand placed on a piece of paper. Some Moslem...
148. Geometry In The Talmud JE ...
149. Georgia JE One of the thirteen original states of the United States, situated on the Atlantic coast; settled by a chartered company of...
150. Ger JE ...
151. Gera JE Fourth son of Benjamin (Gen. xlvi. 21). He is not mentioned in the list of Benjamin's sons given in Num. xxvi. 38-40....
152. Gerah JE ...
153. Gerar JE Seat of a Philistine prince (Gen. x. 19, xx. 1 et seq., xxvi. 20; I Chron. iv. 39 [LXX.]; II Chron. xiv. 12 et seq.). Following...
154. Daniel Ben Elijah Gerasi JE Turkish Talmudist and preacher of the seventeenth century; lived at Salonica, where he died about 1705. He was the author...
155. Geresh JE ...
156. Gergesites JE ...
157. Friedrich Gerhard JE German Christian writer against the Jews; born in Frankfort-on-the-Main Jan. 2, 1779; died there Oct. 30, 1862. He was a Lutheran...
158. Mount Gerizim JE Mountain south of the valley in which Shechem was situated; the present Jabal al-Ṭur (Deut. xi. 29, xxvii. 12; Josh...
159. Moses Germanus JE See Speeth, Moses.
160. Germany JE Country of central Europe. The date of the first settlement of Jews in the regions called by the Romans "Germania Superior...
161. Friedrich Gernsheim JE German pianist and composer; born at Worms July 17, 1839. He was a pupil of L. Liebe, Pauer, Rosenhain (piano), I. C. Hauff...
162. Karl GerÖ JE Hungarian dramatist; born at Hévizgyörk Oct. 18, 1856; studied law at Kaschau and Budapest. While still a student...
163. Geron JE ...
164. Gerona JE Fortified city in northern Spain. As early as 1002 Pope Sylvester acknowledged to Bishop Odo of Gerona the receipt of the...
165. Isaac B Zerahiah Halevi Gerondi JE Talmudist; lived in Gerona in the twelfth century. He was the father of Zerahiah ha-Levi, author of "Sefer ha-Ma'or,"...
166. Gerondi, Jonah B Abraham (hehasid), The Elder JE Spanish rabbi and moralist of the thirteenth century; died in Toledo, Spain, Nov., 1263; a cousin of Naḥmanides. He...
167. Moses B Solomon D'escola Gerondi JE Hebrew poet; relative of Moses Naḥmanides; lived at Gerona, Catalonia, in the second half of the thirteenth century...
168. Nissim Gerondi JE ...
169. Zerahiah Ha-levi Gerondi JE See Zerahiah ha-Levi.
170. Geronimo De Sante FĖ JE See Ibn Vives Allorqui, Joshua ben Joseph.
171. Gershom JE First-born son of Moses and Zipporah (Ex. ii. 22, xviii. 3). The circumcision of a child of Moses described in Ex. iv. 25...
172. Gershom Ben Judah JE French rabbi; born at Metz in 960; died at Mayence in 1040. He was the founder of Talmudic studies in France and Germany....
173. Gershon Ashkenazi JE ...
174. Gershon Ben Eliezer Ha-levi (yiddels) Of Prague JE Traveler of the first half of the seventeenth century. He was the author of the curious and extremely rare book "Gelilot Ere&#7827...
175. Gershon HefeẒ JE See Gentili, Gershon ben Moses.
176. Gershon Ben Hezekiah JE Provençal physician, astronomer, and grammarian; lived at Beaumes toward the end of the fourteenth century and at the...
177. Isaac Gershon JE Rabbi and corrector of the press at Venice at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century. He was...
178. Gershon B Jacob Ha-gozer JE German Talmudist; flourished in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. He was a grand-nephew, and probably pupil, of Ephraim...
179. Gershon (christian) Ben MeÏr Of Biberbach JE Jewish convert; born at Reckling-hausen, Prussia, Aug. 1, 1569; drowned at Dröhelm Sept. 25, 1627. After teaching Hebrew...
180. Gershon Ben Solomon Of Arles JE Provençal philosopher; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century; said to be the father of Gersonides....
181. Gershon Ben Solomon Ben Asher JE French Talmudist; flourished at Béziers in the twelfth century. He was the author of a casuistic work entitled "Sefer...
182. Felix Napoleon Gerson JE American lyrist, writer, and journalist; manager of "The Jewish Exponent" (Philadelphia); born in Philadelphia Oct. 18, 1862...
183. George Hartog Gerson JE German physician; born in Hamburg 1788; died there 1843. After taking his degree he traveled in Norway and Sweden, and finally...
184. Karl Gerson JE German physician; born at Hamm, Westphalia, July 19, 1866; educated at the universities of Munich, Rostock, Leipsic, and Bonn...
185. Henry Gersoni JE American rabbi and journalist; born in Wilna, Russia, 1844; died in New York June 17, 1897. He attended the rabbinical seminary...
186. Gersonides JE ...
187. Jonah Gerstein JE Lithuanian educationalist and Hebraist; born at Wilna Dec. 4, 1827; died there Dec. 6, 1891. Gerstein was one of the first...
188. Lewis Gerstle JE Californian pioneer; born in Ichenhausen, Bavaria, Dec. 17, 1824; died at San Francisco, Cal., Nov. 19, 1902. In 1845 he emigrated...
189. Adolf Joseph Gerstmann JE German author; born July 31, 1855, at Ostrowo, Prussia. In infancy he was taken by his parents to Berlin; there he attended...
190. Gerusia JE A council of elders. Moses was assisted by a council of seventy elders (Num. xi. 16), and the elders as representatives of...
191. Gesellschaft Der HebrÄischen Litteratur-freunde JE Society for promoting study of the Hebrew language, called in Hebrew "Ḥebrat Doreshe Leshon 'Eber." It was founded...
192. Gesem JE ...
193. Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Gesenius JE Christian Hebraist and Orientalist; born at Nordhausen Feb. 3, 1786; died Oct. 23, 1842. At first devoting his attention to...
194. Geshan JE One of the sons of Jahdai, of the family of Caleb (I Chron. ii. 47).E. G. H. M. Sel.
195. Geshem JE One of the Hebrew words for "rain," applied mostly to the heavy rains which occur in Palestine in the fall and winter. This...
196. Geshem The Arabian JE Ally of Sanballat and Tobiah and adversary of Nehemiah (Neh. ii. 19, vi. 1). In Neh. vi. 6 he is called "Gashmu," which is...
197. Geshurites Geshur JE Geshur was a territory in the northern part of Bashan, adjoining the province of Argob (Deut. iii. 14) and the kingdom of...
198. Florus Gesius JE ...
199. Jacob Ben Isaac Gesundheit JE Polish rabbi; born in Warsaw 1815; died there Sept. 11, 1878. He conducted a yeshibah for forty-two years, some of his many...
200. GeṬ JE The earliest use of the geṭ, an institution peculiar to the Jews, can not be established with certainty. Although the...
201. Ge'ullah JE The name of the benediction which follows the reading of the Shema'. It refers to God's redemption of Israel from...
202. Gezer JE Ancient Canaanitish city mentioned in Egyptian inscriptions and the Amarna letters as being the seat of a local prince (comp...
203. Gezerah JE A rabbinical enactment issued as a guard or preventive measure; also a prohibition or restriction generally; from the root...
204. Gezerah Shawah JE ...
205. Isaac Ibn Ghayyat JE ...
206. Solomon B Judah Ghayyat JE Hebrew poet of the twelfth century; possibly a grandson of Isaac Gḥayyat, the famous teacher of Lucena. Solomon was...
207. Abu Hamid Mohammed Ibn Mohammed Al- Ghazali JE Arabian theologian and moralist; born at Tuz, Khorasan, 1058; died there 1111. His works exerted a great influence upon Jewish...
208. Nathan Benjamin Ben Elisha Ha-levi Ghazzati JE Shabbethaian prophet; born at Jerusalem 1644; died at Sofia 1680. After studying Talmud and Cabala in his native town under...
209. Ghent JE Chief city of eastern Flanders, Belgium. That at the time of the Crusades there were Jews in Ghent is known, as they were...
210. Ghetto JE Originally the street or quarter of a city in which the Jews were compelled to live, and which was closed every evening by...
211. Ghez JE A Tunisian family including several authors. David Ghez: Talmudist; lived at Tunis in the second half of the eighteenth...
212. Ghiron JE An old family originally from Gerona, Spain, and known in Hebrew as "the Geronim." It has produced many rabbis, among whom...
213. Ghirondi JE Italian family of Padua, the founder of which settled there toward the end of the sixteenth century. The name indicates that...
214. Solomon Daniel Ghosalker JE Beni-Israel soldier; born 1804; died at Dhulia, India, Oct. 14, 1869. He enlisted in the 25th regiment of the Bombay native...
215. Giants JE Word derived from the Greek γίγας (in LXX.), denoting a man of extraordinary stature; in the English...
216. Giat JE ...
217. Judah Ben Elijah Ben Joseph Gibbor JE Karaite scholar; flourished at Constantinople between 1500 and 1540. His main work, which was highly esteemed by the Karaite...
218. Gibeah JE The name of several cities situated on hills. The difficulty of keeping these distinct is increased by the fact that sometimes...
219. Gibeon And Gibeonites JE Gibeon was one of the four cities of the Hivites, reckoned in Josh. xviii. 25 among the cities of Benjamin. That it was not...
220. Gibraltar JE British possession, south of Spain. Jews appear to have settled there shortly after the British took possession of the fortress...
221. Gideon JE Son of Joash the Abiezrite; also called "Jerubbaal" (Judges vi. 32; "Jerubbesheth" in II Sam. xi. 21); one of the prominent...
222. Samson Gideon JE English financier; born in London 1699; died 1762. He was a son of RowlandGideon (died 1720), a West-Indian merchant, who...
223. Gier-eagle JE ...
224. Gifts JE The interchange of gifts was a custom common among the early Israelites in the ordinary transactions of life as well as at...
225. Gihon JE The second river of Eden, surrounding the whole land of Cush or Ethiopia (Gen. ii. 13). Its identification has been a matter...
226. Joseph B Abraham Gikatilla JE Spanish cabalist; born at Medinaceli, Old Castile, 1248; died at Peñafiel after 1305. Gikatilla was for some time a pupil...
227. Moses Ibn Gikatilla JE Grammarian and Bible exegete of the latter part of the eleventh century. His full name was "Moses b. Samuel haKohen," but...
228. Gil Vicente JE Portuguese dramatist; born at Lisbon about 1470; called by the Portuguese their Plautus, their Shakespeare, and the father...
229. Gilboa JE The ancient name given to the bow-shaped mountain chain situated north of the Ras Ibziḳ, separating the plain of Jezreel...
230. Gilds JE Associations for the restriction of competition in the production and distribution of commodities. From the twelfth century...
231. Gilead JE District, mountain, and city east of the Jordan. The name "Gilead" in Gen. xxxi. 48 is explained by popular etymology to mean...
232. Gilgal JE The first camping-place of the Israelites in the land west of the Jordan (Josh. iv. 19); the place to which they could retreat...
233. Gilgul-neshamoth JE ...
234. Gilyonim JE Term used by the scribes flourishing between 100 and 135 to denote the Gospels. The designation as used by them did not imply...
235. Gimel JE Third letter of the Hebrew alphabet, so called, perhaps, because the shape of the letter in the ancient West-Semitic script...
236. Gimzo JE A city in the Judean plain; conquered by the Philistines according to II Chron. xxviii. 18; present village of Jimzu, southeast...
237. Christian David Ginsburg JE English Masoretic scholar and Christian missionary; born at Warsaw Dec. 25, 1831. He was converted in 1846, and was for a...
238. Saul Moiseyevich Ginsburg JE Russian lawyer and author; born at Minsk 1866; graduated from the law department of the University of St. Petersburg 1890...
239. Asher (ahad Ha-'am) Ginzberg JE Russian scholar; born at Skvira, government of Kiev, on Aug. 5, 1856. His father, Isaiah, belonged to a family of Ḥasidim...
240. Louis Ginzberg JE Hebrew scholar; born at Kovno, Russia, Nov. 28, 1873. He received his early training in the Talmudical school at Telsh, Russia...
241. Ginzburg JE ...
242. Ginze Nistorot JE ...
243. Daniel B Elijah Giradi JE See Gerasi, Daniel b. Elijah.
244. Enrique Claudio Girbal JE Spanish scholar; born at Gerona Nov. 16, 1839. He was chronicler of his native city and member of several learned bodies....
245. Girgashites JE One of the nations which possessed the land of Canaan before the Israelitish conquest. In Hebrew the name occurs only in the...
246. Girth Of The Chest JE While among most other races the average chest-girth measures over one-half the average stature, that of the Jews, it has...
247. Girzites JE A tribe rich in cattle and apparel; with the Geshurites and the Amalekites it occupied the land between the south of Palestine...
248. Giscala JE City of Galilee, not far from Tyre; known as the native city of the patriot John of Giscala. John tried to keep his fellow...
249. GiṬṬin JE Name of a treatise of the Mishnah and of the Tosefta, elaborated in the Palestinian and in the Babylonian Gemaras. It belongs...
250. Gittith JE A musical instrument mentioned in Ps. viii. 1, lxxxi. 1, lxxxiv. 1. The word is explained by Gesenius ("Thesaurus," s. v....
251. Giza (gizai) JE A sabora; head of the Babylonian school in the first half of the sixth century. In a very old source, the "Seder Tanna&#39...
252. Gladiator JE A fighter in the gymnasium or arena. Gladiatorial contests were an aspect of Roman life which was intensely hated by the Jews...
253. Otto Glagau JE Anti-Semitic writer; born in Königsberg, Prussia, Jan. 16, 1834; died in Berlin March 2, 1892. As a journalist and political...
254. Glaphyra JE Daughter of the Cappadocian king Archelaus. Her first husband was Alexander, son of Herod I. and Mariamne. After his execution...
255. Adolf Glaser JE German author; born at Wiesbaden Dec. 15, 1829. He traded in art wares while preparing himself for the university. From 1853...
256. Eduard Glaser JE Austrian traveler and Arabist; born March 15, 1855, at Deutsch-Rust, Bohemia. After completing his elementary and college...
257. Julius Anton (joshua Glaser) Glaser JE Austrian jurist and statesman; born at Pöstelberg, Bohemia, March 19, 1831; died at Vienna Dec. 26, 1886. After taking...
258. Glasgow JE Seaport and largest city in Scotland, with a population in 1901 of 760,329, of whom about 6,500 were Jews. The Jewish community...
259. Glass JE A fused mixture of metallic silicates, generally transparent or translucent. Its manufacture dates from the earliest times...
260. The Gleaner JE ...
261. Gleaning Of The Fields JE The remains of a crop after harvesting, which must be left for the poor. The Mosaic law enjoins: "And when ye reap the harvest...
262. Glede JE ...
263. GlÖckener (glÖckner) JE ...
264. Glogau JE Town in Prussian Silesia, Germany, with a population of 20,529, including 863 Jews. Jews were living there as early as the...
265. Jehiel Michael Ben Uzziel Glogau JE German rabbi; lived at Halberstadt in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was the author of "Nezer ha-Ḳodesh...
266. Abigdor Ben Simhah Ha-levi Glogauer JE German Hebrew scholar of the eighteenth century. He published "Dabar Ṭob," an elementary Hebrew grammar with paradigms...
267. Judah Ben Hanina Selig Glogauer JE German Talmudist of the beginning of the eighteenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Ḳol Yehudah," a collection...
268. Meïr Ben Ezekiel Glogauer JE Bohemian Talmudist; died at Prague in 1829. He wrote: "Dibre Meir," novellæ, on the Talmudic treatises Giṭ&#7789...
269. Moses Ben Ẓebi Hirsch Glogauer JE German scholar; lived at Hamburg in the eighteenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Ḥebel le-Ha&#7717...
270. Glory Of God JE ...
271. Gloss JE A foreign word or sentence, in Hebrew characters, inserted in Hebrew writings. In order to convey to the reader the exact...
272. Gloucester JE Large town in the west of England, dating back to Roman times. The earliest date mentioned in connection with the Jews of...
273. Elizabeth GlÜck JE ...
274. Heinrich GlÜcksmann JE Austrian author; born at Rackschitz, Mähren, July 7, 1864. He began his literary career at sixteen, one of his first...
275. Gottlieb (thÉophile) Gluge JE Physician; born at Brakel in Westphalia June 18, 1812; died Dec. 22, 1898, at Nizza. He studied medicine at the Berlin University...
276. Glusker Maggid JE The evidence that Abba Glusk Leczeka really existed and was not,as Kayserling holds ("Moses Mendelssohn," p. 431, Leipsic...
277. Gnat JE ...
278. Gnesen JE ...
279. Gnosis JE ...
280. Gnosticism JE An esoteric system of theology and philosophy. It presents one of the most obscure and complicated problems in the general...
281. Goat JE "'Ez" is the generic name for both sexes. Special terms for the he-goat: "'attud," Gen. xxxi. 10; Ps. l. 9, etc....
282. God JE The Supreme Being, regarded as the Creator, Author, and First Cause of the universe, the Ruler of the world and of the affairs...
283. Children Of God JE The "sons of God" are mentioned in Genesis, in a chapter (vi. 2) which reflects preprophetic, mythological, and polytheistic...
284. Names Of God JE ...
285. Son Of God JE ...
286. Michael H Godefroi JE Dutch jurist and minister of justice; born at Amsterdam Jan. 13, 1814; died at Würzburg June 27, 1882. He devoted himself...
287. Godfather JE Primarily, one who assists in the performance of the rite of circumcision by holding the child upon his knees; secondarily...
288. GÖding JE Town of Moravia, Austria; it has a population of about 10,000 (1900), of whom over 1,000 are Jews. The Jewish community there...
289. Godliness JE The quality of being godly, i.e., godlike, manifested in character and conduct expressive of the conscious recognition and...
290. Leopold Godowsky JE Russian pianist and composer; born at Wilna Feb. 13, 1870. At a very early age he showed remarkable talent for music, and...
291. Go'el JE Next of kin, and, hence, redeemer. Owing to the solidarity of the family and the clan in ancient Israel, any duty which a...
292. Gog And Magog JE Magog is mentioned (Gen. x. 2; I Chron. i. 5) as the second son of Japheth, between Gomer and Madai. Gomer representing the...
293. Baruch (benedit) Goitein JE Hungarian rabbi; died at Hö;gyész, Hungary, Nov. 16, 1842. He occupied the rabbinate of Högyész for many...
294. Gold JE One of the precious metals. There are six Hebrew words which denote "gold," four of which occur in Job (xxviii. 15-17): (1)...
295. Wilhelm Goldbaum JE German writer and journalist; born at Kempen, Posen, Jan. 6, 1843. After studying law for some time at the University of Breslau...
296. Albert Goldberg JE German opera-singer; born at Brunswick June 8, 1847. Educated at the Conservatorium of Leipsic (1865-69), he made his d&#233...
297. Baer Ben Alexander Goldberg JE Russian scholar; born at Soludna near Warsaw in 1799; died at Paris May 4, 1884. When he was scarcely fifteen years of age...
298. Sigismund Goldberger JE Austrian jurist; born in Jägerndorf, Austrian Silesia, June 15, 1854. He was educated at the gymnasium of Troppau and...
299. Jacob Semenovich Goldblatt JE Russian painter; born at Suwalki 1860; studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts from 1878 to 1888, gaining many...
300. Golden Calf JE ...
301. The Golden Rule JE By this name is designated the saying of Jesus (Matt. vii. 12): "All things therefore whatsoever ye would that men should...
302. John Goldenberg JE Russian merchant; born on the confines of Russia and Rumania; died 1895. He followed the army in the Crimea (1856-57) as a...
303. Samuel LÖb Goldenberg JE Austrian Hebraist; born at Bolechow, Galicia, 1807; died at Tarnopol Jan. 11, 1846. He was the founder and editor of the Hebrew...
304. Jacob Goldenthal JE Austrian Orientalist; born at Brody, Galicia, April 16, 1815; died at Vienna Dec. 28, 1868; educated at the University of...
305. Abraham B Hayyim Lippe Goldfaden JE Hebrew and Yiddish poet and founder of the Yiddish drama; born at Starokonstantinov, Russia, July 12, 1840. He graduated from...
306. Henry Mayer Goldfogle JE American lawyer and politician; born in New York city May 23, 1856; educated in the public schools and at Townsend College...
307. Bernard Goldman JE Austrian deputy; born at Warsaw Feb. 20, 1842; died at Lemberg March 23, 1901. His father, Isaac Goldman, was the owner of...
308. Edwin Ellen Goldmann JE German physician; born at Burghersdorp, Cape Colony, Nov. 12, 1862; studied medicine at the universities of Breslau, Freiburg...
309. Karl Goldmark JE Hungarian violinist, pianist, and operatic composer; born at Keszthely, Hungary, May 18, 1830, where his father, Ruben Goldmark...
310. Adolph Goldschmidt JE German art critic; born at Hamburg Jan. 15, 1863. After a short business career he devoted himself (1885) to the study of...
311. Henriette Goldschmidt JE Wife of Rabbi A. M. Goldschmidt (m. 1855); born at Krotoschin, Prussia, Nov. 23, 1825; and now (1903) resident at Leipsic...
312. Hermann Goldschmidt JE German painter and astronomer; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main June 17, 1802; died at Fontainebleau Sept. 10, 1866. Destined...
313. Hermann (herman Taber) Goldschmidt JE German novelist and playwright; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 18, 1860. He attendedthe local gymnasium, and studied law...
314. Julius Goldschmidt JE German physician; born at Mayence Feb. 12, 1843. He studied at the universities of Würzburg and Giessen, receiving from...
315. Lazarus Goldschmidt JE German writer; born at Plungiany, Lithuania, Russia, Dec. 17, 1871. He received his rabbinical education at the Talmudic school...
316. Levin Goldschmidt JE German jurist; born at Danzig May 30, 1829; died at Wilhelmshöhe July 16, 1897. From 1847 to 1851 he pursued his studies...
317. Lothar Goldschmidt JE See Schmidt, Lothar.
318. MeÏr Aaron Goldschmidt JE Danish political writer; born Oct. 26, 1819, at Vordingborg, Denmark; died at Copenhagen Aug. 15, 1887. The dream of his youth...
319. Otto Goldschmidt JE German pianist and composer; born at Hamburg Aug. 21, 1829. He studied under Jacob Schmidt and F. W. Grund; with Hans von...
320. Siegfried Goldschmidt JE German Orientalist; born at Cassel Oct. 29, 1844; died at Strasburg Jan. 31, 1884. He was educated at the universities of...
321. Guido Goldschmiedt JE Austrian chemist; born in Triest Oct. 5, 1850; studied at Vienna and Heidelberg. First as assistant, later as associate professor...
322. Goldsmid JE A family of English financiers, who trace descent from a certain Uri ha-Levi of Emden, as shown in the pedigree on opposite...
323. Lewis Goldsmith JE English political writer and agitator; born 1763; died Jan. 6, 1846. Educated in London, he was trained for the legal profession...
324. Milton Goldsmith JE American merchant and author; born at Philadelphia May 22, 1861. In 1877 he went to Europe and studied three years at Zurich...
325. Goldsmiths And Silversmiths JE The earliest descriptions of productions of the goldsmith's art refer to the work of Jewish goldsmiths. The Bible, which...
326. Eduard Goldstein JE Russian musician; born at Odessa 1851; died at Leipsic Aug. 8, 1887. He was an accomplished pianist at the age of thirteen...
327. Joseph Goldstein JE Austrian cantor and composer; born at Kecskemét, Hungary, March 27, 1836; died in Vienna June 17, 1899. He occupied the...
328. Joseph Goldstein JE Political economist and statistician; born in Odessa, Russia, Jan. 9, 1869. After completing his studies at the gymnasium...
329. Michael Yulyevich Goldstein JE Russian chemist; born at Odessa 1853; educated in the Richelieu Gymnasium of Odessa, and graduated from the Medico-Surgical...
330. Theodor GoldstÜcker JE German Sanskritist; born at Königsberg, Prussia, Jan. 18, 1821; died in London March 6, 1872. In 1840 he gained his degree...
331. Joseph Goldszmidt JE Polish lawyer; born at Hrubieszow, government of Lublin, 1846; (died 1896; graduate of the University of Warsaw. He wrote:...
332. Wilhelm Goldzieher JE Hungarian oculist and ophthalmological writer, born at Köpcsény (= Kitsee), near Presburg, Jan. 1, 1849. He studied...
333. Ignaz Goldziher JE Hungarian Orientalist; born in Stuhlweissenburg, Hungary, June 22, 1850; attended the gymnasium in his native town, and continued...
334. Golem JE This word occurs only once in the Bible, in Ps. cxxxix. 16, where it means "embryo." In tradition everything that is in a...
335. Golgotha JE Locality mentioned in the New Testament as the scene of Jesus' execution (Matt. xxvii. 33 and parallels). The name is...
336. Goliath JE A Philistine giant of Gath (I Sam. xvii. 4). The name "Goliath" is probably connected with the Assyro-Babylonian "Guzali"...
337. Count Nicholas Golitzyn JE Russian writer; born in the second half of the nineteenth century. He became notorious through his history of Russian legislation...
338. Hermann Gollancz JE English rabbi; born at Bremen Nov. 30, 1852; educated at Jews' and University colleges, London. He officiated at several...
339. Israel Gollancz JE Secretary of the British Academy; born in London 1864. He was educated at the City of London School and Cambridge University...
340. Hirsch Nissan Golomb JE Russian Hebraist and writer on music; born at Podzelve, government of Wilna, Dec. 15, 1853. He studied in the yeshibah of...
341. Joanniki Golyatovski JE Little-Russian cleric and anti-Jewish writer; died 1688. After having studied in the Kiev-Mogilian College, Golyatovski took...
342. Gomel JE ...
343. Gomel Benshen JE The pronouncing of the benediction for escape from danger' after passing through the desert; after confinement in prison...
344. Gomer JE Eldest son of Japheth, and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah (Gen. x. 2, 3; I Chron. i. 5, 6). In Yoma 10a and Yer...
345. Gomez JE ...
346. Antonio Enriquez Gomez JE Spanish poet; born in Segovia toward the end of the sixteenth century; died in 1662. He was a son of the Marano Diego Enriquez...
347. Duarte Gomez JE ...
348. Manuel Gomez JE Physician; born about 1580 of Portuguese parentage at Antwerp. After studying medicine at Evora he settled as a physician...
349. Abraham Gomez De Sosa (sossa) JE Spanish physician; died at an advanced age Elul 21 (=Sept. 10), 1667. He was physician in ordinary to the infante Ferdinand...
350. Isaac Gomez De Sosa (sossa) JE Latin poet ("famoso poeta Latino," according to De Barrios); son of Abraham Gomez do Sosa. He was arbiter at the academy of...
351. Gomorrah JE One of the destroyed cities of the Pentapolis. Comp. Sodom and Zoar.
352. Samuel Gompers JE American labor-leader; born in London Jan. 27, 1850. At ten years of age he became a wage-earner, working in a shoe-factory...
353. Benjamin Gompertz JE British actuary; born in London March 5, 1779; died there July 14, 1865. He was descended from the family of Gomperz of Emmerich...
354. Isaac Gompertz JE English poet; brother of Benjamin and Lewis Gompertz: born 1774; died 1856. He wrote: "June, or Light and Shade," a poem in...
355. Lewis Gompertz JE English inventor of London; died Dec. 2, 1861; brother of Benjamin Gompertz, the mathematician. He devoted his life to the...
356. Benjamin Gomperz JE Austrian physician; born at Vienna Oct. 6, 1861. He was educated at the Leopoldstädter communal gymnasium and the University...
357. Gomperz-bettelheim JE ...
358. Gomperz, Julius, Ritter Von JE Austrian merchant and statesman; brother of Theodor Gomperz; born at Brünn 1824; studied at the gymnasium and Philosophische...
359. Theodor Gomperz JE Austrian philologist; born at Brünn March 29, 1832. His great-grandfather, Benedictus Levi Gomperz, was the financial...
360. Gonzalo Garcia De Santa Maria JE Spanish bishop and enemy of the Jews; born at Burgos in 1379; baptized as a boy of eleven, together with his father, Paul...
361. Martinez Gonzalo JE A poor Spanish knight who was promoted to high offices through the instrumentality of Joseph de Ecija, in whose service he...
362. Good And Evil JE ...
363. Tobias Goodman JE English preacher and author; died after 1824; one of the earliest preachers in English of the London Jewish community Tobias...
364. Goose JE According to the Talmudists the domestic and the wild goose are two different species which should not be crossed (B. &#7730...
365. Gopher-wood JE The material of which the ark of Noah was made. The word "gofer" occurs but once in the Bible, viz., in the expression (Gen...
366. Jacob (jakov Mikhailovich) Gordin JE Yiddish playwright and reformer; born May 1, 1853, in Mirgorod, government of Poltava. He received a good education and acquired...
367. David B Dob Baer Gordon JE Russian journalist; born in Podmerecz, near Wilna, in 1826; died in Lyck, Prussia, May 21, 1886. At the age of ten he went...
368. Lord George Gordon JE English agitator and convert to Judaism; born in London on Dec. 26, 1751; died in 1793; son of the third Duke of Gordon. After...
369. Leon (judah LÖb Ben Asher) Gordon JE Russian Hebrew writer and poet; born at Wilna Dec. 7, 1831; died at St. Petersburg Sept. 16, 1892. He graduated in 1853 from...
370. Michel Gordon JE Judæo-German poet and Hebrew writer; born at Wilna Nov. 4, 1823; died at Kiev Dec. 26, 1890. While at the bet ha-midrash...
371. Samuel Gordon JE English novelist; born at Buk, Germany, Sept. 10, 1871. He went to England with his parents in 1883, and was educated at the...
372. Gorgias JE Syrian general of the second century B.C. After Judas Maccabeus had defeated the Syrians, they determined to send a stronger...
373. Bernard Gorin JE Yiddish journalist; born in Lida, government of Wilna, April, 1868. He is the author of two short stories in Hebrew, "Ha-Naggar...
374. Goring Ox JE Two passages in Exodus treat of an ox doing harm: the first of harm to a person (xxi. 28-32); the second to the ox of another...
375. Isaac Ben Abraham Gorni JE ...
376. Goshen JE Region of Egypt which the Israelites inhabited during their sojourn in that country. It is described as situated on the eastern...
377. Goslar JE Town in the province of Hanover, Germany; on an affluent of the Ocker at the north-east foot of the Harz. According to the...
378. The Four Gospels JE ...
379. James (james Nathan) Gotendorf JE German-American merchant and litterateur; born Feb. 9, 1811, at Eutin, Holstein, Germany; died at Hamburg Oct. 5, 1888. He...
380. Gotha JE Capital of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Germany. A Jew named Jacob who lived at Cologne in the middle of the thirteenth...
381. Gustav Gottheil JE American rabbi; born at Pinne in Prussian Posen May 28, 1827; died in New York city April 15, 1903. He was educated in Posen...
382. Paul Eduard Gottheil JE German Protestant missionary; born at Fraustadt, April 5, 1818; died at Stuttgart in 1893. A convert to Christianity, in 1848...
383. Richard James Horatio Gottheil JE American Orientalist; professor of Semitic languages, Columbia University, New York; born in Manchester, England, Oct. 13...
384. William S Gottheil JE American physician; born in Berlin Feb. 5, 1859; eldest son of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil. He was educated at Chorlton High School...
385. GÖttingen JE City in the province of Hanover, Germany; formerly capital of the principality of Grubenhagen under the dominion of the Guelfic...
386. Abraham Gottlieb JE Civil engineer and contractor; born at Tauss, Bohemia, June 17, 1837; died in Chicago, Ill., Feb. 9, 1894. Gottlieb graduated...
387. Abraham Baer Gottlober JE Russian-Hebrew poet and author; born at Starokonstantinov, Volhynia,Jan. 14, 1811; died at Byelostok April 12, 1899. His father...
388. Louis Moreau Gottschalk JE American pianist; born at New Orleans May 8, 1829; died at Rio de Janeiro Dec. 18, 1869. He completed his musical education...
389. Adolf Gottstein JE German physician; born at Breslau Nov. 2, 1857. He was educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and at the universities...
390. Jacob Gottstein JE German physician; born at Lissa, Austria, Nov. 7, 1832; died at Breslau, Prussian Silesia, Jan. 10, 1895; graduated (M.D.)...
391. Joseph Issachar Baer Ben Elhanan GÖtz JE German rabbi; born at Frankfort-on-the-Oder about 1640; died at Jerusalem after 1701. In 1675 he was rabbi of his native town...
392. Abraham Goudchaux JE ...
393. Michel Goudchaux JE French statesman: born at Nancy March 18, 1797; died at Paris Dec. 27, 1862. After having been established for some time as...
394. Joel Emanuel Goudsmit JE Dutch jurist; born in Leyden June 13, 1813; died there March 17, 1882. He graduated in law May 12, 1842. After practising...
395. Gourd JE ...
396. Government JE The only kind of political institution extant among the Israelites before the time of the Kings was the division into tribes...
397. Governors, Roman, Of Judea JE ...
398. Goy JE ...
399. Divine Grace JE One of the attributes of God, signifying His loving-kindness and mercy, and particularly His compassion for the weak, the...
400. Grace At Meals JE Benedictions before and after meals. In the prayer-book of the Spanish Jews grace after meals is called "bendicion de la mesa"...
401. Gracia Mendesia Nasi JE ...
402. Gracian JE A prominent Spanish Jewish family descended from Judah ben Barzilai, the members of which, are known to have lived chiefly...
403. Shealtiel (hen) Gracian JE Rabbi of Barcelona; flourished in the beginning of the thirteenth century. During the lifetime of R. Nissim Gerondi, Shealtiel...
404. Solomon Ben Moses (hen) Gracian JE Talmudist of Barcelona; lived at the end of the thirteenth and beginning of the fourteenth centuries; died in 1307. He was...
405. Zerahiah Ben Isaac Ben Shealtiel (hen) Gracian JE Physician, philosopher, translator, Hebraist; flourished about the end of the thirteenth century; born either at Barcelona...
406. Gradis JE Name of a family of prominent merchants in southern France, originally from Spain; flourished in Bordeaux in the eighteenth...
407. Ortuin De Graes JE Anti-Jewish writer of the sixteenth century; born at Holtwick in Westphalia in 1491; died at Cologne May 21, 1542. He was...
408. Heinrich (hirsch) Graetz JE German historian and exegete; born Oct. 31, 1817, at Xions, province of Posen; died at Munich Sept. 7, 1891. He received his...
409. Leo Graetz JE German physicist; son of Heinrich Graetz; born at Breslau Sept. 26, 1856. Graduating from the Elizabeth gymnasium at Breslau...
410. Graisivaudan JE ...
411. Hebrew Grammar JE Although Hebrew grammar, together with Hebrew lexicography—the two constituting Hebrew philology, and aiming at the...
412. Granada JE Capital of the Spanish province of the same name. It is said to have been inhabited by Jews from the earliest times; hence...
413. Grantor And Grantee JE ...
414. Grape JE The fruit of the grape-vine. The general Hebrew term for ripe grapes when not in clusters is (Gen. xl. 10-11), and of grapes...
415. Grasshopper JE ...
416. GrÄtz JE Town in the province of Posen, Prussia, with a population of 3,784, of whom 319 are Jews (1903). The Jewish community there...
417. Gratz JE American family prominent in the affairs of the city of Philadelphia and of the state of Pennsylvania. According to some authorities...
418. Gratz College (philadelphia) JE Jewish institution of higher learning, founded under a deed of trust executed by Hyman Gratz, dated December, 1856, which...
419. Jonas GrÄtzer JE German physician; born at Tost, Upper Silesia, Oct. 19, 1806; died at Breslau Nov. 25, 1889. He graduated (M.D.) from the...
420. Gravestones JE ...
421. Augusto Graziani JE Italian economist; born at Modena Jan. 6, 1865. He obtained his education at the university of his native town, devoting himself...
422. Abraham Joseph Solomon Ben Mordecai Graziano JE Italian rabbi; died at Modena in 1685; cousin of Nathanael b. Benjamin Trabot. He probably belonged to the Gallico family...
423. Great Synagogue JE ...
424. Greece JE Country of southeastern Europe. The number of its Jews is not more than 9,000, distributed as follows: Corfu, 3,500; Zante...
425. Greek Language And The Jews JE This article will be confined to the Greek material found in rabbinical works, since the language of the Septuagint and the...
426. Influence Of The Greek Law JE ...
427. Aaron Levy Green JE English rabbi; born in London Aug., 1821; died March 11, 1883. A precocious student, at the age of fourteen he was successful...
428. Samuel Greenbaum JE American lawyer and jurist; born Jan. 23, 1854, in London; went to the United States with his parents in his infancy; educated...
429. Joseph B Greenhut JE American soldier; born in Germany. He enlisted as a private in the 12th Illinois Infantry at Chicago April, 1861. He served...
430. Forms Of Greeting JE Fixed modes of address on meeting acquaintances. With the ancient Hebrews the form of greeting depended upon the relationship...
431. Henri GrÉgoire JE Jesuit priest, politician, and advocate of the Jews; born at Vého, near Lunéville, Dec. 4, 1750; died at Paris May...
432. The Great Gregory I JE Pope from 590 to 604; born about 540; died 604. Descended from an old Roman senatorial family, he had held various high official...
433. Gregory Xiii (ugo Buoncompagni) JE Pope from 1572 to 1585; born at Bologna Feb. 7, 1502; died at Rome April 10, 1585. His attitude toward the Jews was that of...
434. Gregory Bar HebrÆus JE Jacobite Syrian historian, physician, philosopher, and theologian; born at Malatia, Asiatic Turkey, 1226; died at Maragha...
435. Grenoble JE Capital of the department of Isère, France. It possessed a Jewish community from the end of the thirteenth century. Jacob...
436. Isaac Grieshaber (kriegshaber) JE Polish-Hungarian rabbi at Paks, Hungary; born at Cracow. He was the author of "Maḳḳel No'am" (Vienna, 1799)...
437. Abraham Avenirovich Griliches JE Russian engraver; born at Wilna 1852; educated at the Wilna rabbinical school; graduated from the Wilna School of Designs...
438. Avenir Girschevich Griliches JE Russian engraver; father of Abraham Avenirovich Griliches; born at Wilna April, 1822. Until the age of sixteen he studied...
439. Grodno JE Russian city; capital of the government of the same name; formerly one of the chief cities of Lithuania and, later, of Poland...
440. Selig Gronemann JE German rabbi; born at Flötenstein, West Prussia, Dec. 7, 1843; attended the gymnasium at Konitz and the seminary and...
441. Charles Gross JE American author; born at Troy, N. Y., Feb. 10, 1857; educated at the Troy High School; at Williams College, from which he...
442. Ferdinand Gross JE Austrian writer; born in Vienna April 8, 1849; died at Kaltenleutgeben, near Vienna, Dec. 21, 1900. His ancestors lived in...
443. Heinrich Gross JE German rabbi; born at Szenicz, Hungary, Nov. 6, 1835; pupil in rabbinical literature of Judah Aszod. After graduating from...
444. Jenny Gross JE Austrian actress; born at Szanto, Hungary. Educated for the stage by Cesarina Kupfer, she made her début in 1878 at the...
445. Gross-kanizsa JE ...
446. Julius Grosser JE German physician; born at Freistadt, Prussian Silesia, Oct. 25, 1835; died at Prenzlau, Prussia, Oct. 25, 1901. He studied...
447. Rudolph Grossman JE American rabbi; born at Vienna, Austria, July 24, 1867; B.L., University of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Rabbi and D.D., Hebrew Union...
448. Ignacz Grossmann JE Hungarian physicist; born in Gönez-Ruszka, Abauj county, Feb. 16, 1823; died in Budapest May 21, 1866. He attended the...
449. Ignaz Grossmann JE American rabbi; born at Trencsen, Hungary, July 30, 1825; died March 18, 1897, in New York city. He received his education...
450. Louis Grossmann JE American rabbi and author; born at Vienna, Austria, Feb. 24, 1863; educated at the University of Cincinnati (B.A.) and at...
451. Ludwig Grossmann JE Austrian mathematician and political economist; born at Leitomischl, Bohemia, March 14, 1854. As a boy he showed unusual aptitude...
452. Grosswardein (nagy-varad) JE Hungarian city, with a population of 51,000, about one-fourth of whom are Jews. The ḥebra ḳaddisha was founded...
453. Hugo (huig Van Groot) Grotius JE Dutch Christian diplomat, theologian, and scholar; born at Delft, Holland, April 10, 1583; died at Rostock, Germany, Aug....
454. Groves And Sacred Trees JE By many Oriental as well as Occidental peoples, whether of Semitic or non-Semitic stock, groves and single trees (oaks, terebinths...
455. Growth Of The Body JE From the studies of Majer for Galicia, Weissenberg for South Russia, Sack for Moscow, and Yashchinsky for Poland, which give...
456. Judah LÖb Ben Isaiah Reuben Grozovski JE Russian Hebraist; born at Pogosti, government of Minsk, in 1861. After having attended the yeshibah of Volozhin, Grozovski...
457. Joseph Gruber JE Austrian physician; born at Kosolup, Bohemia, Aug. 4, 1827; died at Vienna March 31, 1900. He graduated (M.D.) from the University...
458. David Gruby JE French physician; born at Neusatz (Ujvidék), Hungary, Oct. 10, 1810; died in Paris Nov. 16, 1898. He studied medicine...
459. Maurice GrÜn JE Russian painter; born at Reval, Russia, in 1870. He studied art at Munich and Geneva, and in 1890 went to Paris. There he...
460. Max (maier) GrÜnbaum JE German Orientalist; born in Seligenstadt, Hesse, July 15, 1817; died in Munich Dec. 11, 1898. Grünbaum studied philology...
461. Elias GrÜnebaum JE German rabbi; born in the Palatinate Sept. 10, 1807; died in Landau Sept. 25, 1893. In 1823 he went to Mayence, where he became...
462. Alfred GrÜnfeld JE Austrian pianist; born at Prague July 4, 1852; studied under Höger, under Krejci at the Prague Conservatorium, and under...
463. Heinrich GrÜnfeld JE Austrian violoncellist; born at Prague April 21, 1855; a brother of Alfred Grünfeld. Educated at the Prague Conservatorium...
464. Josef GrÜnfeld JE Austrian physician and writer; born at Gyönk, Hungary, Nov. 19, 1840. After graduating from the gymnasium at Kaschau...
465. David GrÜnhut JE German rabbi of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, where his father was secretary of...
466. Karl Samuel GrÜnhut JE Austrian jurist; born at Bur-St. Georgen, Hungary, Aug. 3, 1844. He became associate professor in the juridical faculty of...
467. Lazar GrÜnhut JE Hungarian rabbi and writer; born at Gerenda, Hungary, in 1850. Receiving his diploma as rabbi while a mere youth, he went...
468. Max Grunwald JE German rabbi and folklorist; born at Zabrze, Prussian Silesia, Oct. 10, 1871; educated at the gymnasium of Gleiwitz and (1889)...
469. Moritz GrÜnwald JE Austrian rabbi; born March 29, 1853, at Ungarisch Hradisch, Moravia; died in London June 10, 1895. After a short stay in Prague...
470. Sidonie GrÜnwald-zerkowitz JE Austrian authoress; born in Tobitschau, Moravia, Feb. 17, 1852. Her early education she received from her father, a physician...
471. Guadalajara JE City in Castile, Spain. When Tariḳ ibn Zaid conquered the city in 711, he found Jews there, as in Toledo and other places...
472. Guaranty JE ...
473. Guardia, La, The Holy Child Of JE Subject of a story invented by the Spanish Inquisition shortly after its institution. A Christian boy, whose name, age, and...
474. Guardian And Ward JE The rule regarding persons of unsound mind and deaf-mutes is the same as that regarding minors; and an apotropos, who in Anglo-American...
475. Enrico Guastalla JE Italian soldier; born at Guastalla 1828; died at Milan Sept. 28, 1903. Though brought up to a commercial life, he joined the...
476. Guatemala JE ...
477. Moritz GÜdemann JE Austrian rabbi; born at Hildesheim, Germany, Feb. 19, 1835. He was educated at Breslau (Ph.D. 1858), and took his rabbinical...
478. Antoine GuenÉe JE French priest and Christian apologist; born at Etampes 1717; died 1803. He wrote, besides various apologetic works, "Lettres...
479. Yakir (preciado) Gueron JE Turkish rabbi; born in 1813; died at Jerusalem Feb. 4, 1874. He was the sixth rabbi of Adrianople descended from the Gueron...
480. Guerta De JÉrusalaim JE ...
481. Guests JE ...
482. Karl Eduard Gueterbock JE German jurist; born at Königsberg, East Prussia, April 18, 1830. He studied history, later law, at the universities of...
483. Isaac Guetta JE Talmudic scholar and promoter of Jewish learning, whose ancestors went to the Orient from Huete, Spain; born June 5, 1777...
484. Meyer Guggenheim JE American merchant and mining magnate; born in Langenau, Switzerland, 1828. In 1847 he went to America with his father, who...
485. Randolph Guggenheimer JE American lawyer; born at Lynchburg, Va., July 20, 1846. His family originally settled in Virginia, where his father was engaged...
486. Benjamin Guglielmo JE Italian dancing-master; flourished in the fifteenth century at Pesaro. His master was Domenico di Ferrara, in whose "Liber...
487. Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer JE German philologist and writer; born at Bojanowo, Prussian Poland, 1809; died at Breslau Jan. 5, 1854. He studied philology...
488. Agathius Guidacerius JE Italian Christian Hebraist; born at Rocca-Coragio, Calabria, in the second half of the fifteenth century. Having studied Hebrew...
489. The Guide JE ...
490. Guillaume Of Auvergne JE French scholastic; bishop of Paris from 1228 to 1249. He was one of the originators of Christian scholasticism in the thirteenth...
491. Guilt-offering JE ...
492. GuimarÃes JE City of Portugal. In the fourteenth century it had a wealthy Jewish community, whose quarter was located on the site of the...
493. Zacharias De Guizolfi (giexulfis) JE Prince and ruler, in the fifteenth century, of the Taman peninsula on the east coast of the Black Sea; descendant of Simeone...
494. Aaron Solomon Gumperz JE German scholar and physician; born Dec. 10, 1723; died 1769. In March, 1751, Gumperz graduated as M.D. from the University...
495. Gumplin JE German satirical poet of unknown date. The only poem of his that has been preserved is a satire of seven strophes, ending...
496. Ludwig Gumplowicz JE Christian historian and jurist; born at Cracow March 9, 1838; studied at the universities of Cracow and Vienna, and practised...
497. Gumurjina JE Town in European Turkey, west of Adrianople. It has a population of 26,000, including 1,200 Jews. The Jewish community possesses...
498. Guni JE 1. A son of Naphtali (Gen. xlvi. 24; I Chron. vii. 13), and founder of the family of the Gunites (Num. xxvi. 48). In Hebrew...
499. Isidor Gunsberg JE English merchant and chess-master; born in Budapest Nov. 2, 1854. When nine years old he went to England, in which country...
500. Karl Siegfried GÜnsburg JE German author and preacher; born Dec. 9, 1784, at Lissa; died at Breslau Jan. 23, 1860. He studied philology and philosophy...
501. GÜnzburg JE Town of Bavaria, in the province of Swabia, on the Danube. A small but flourishing Jewish community existed there in the sixteenth...
502. GÜnzburg JE Family which originated in the town of GÜNZBURG. It is believed that the family went thither from the city of Ulm, W&#252...
503. Asher Ben LÖb GÜnzburg JE ...
504. Benjamin Wolf GÜnzburg JE Polish physician; Talmudic scholar of the eighteenth century. Contrary to the custom of the Polish Talmudists of that time...
505. GÜnzburg, David, Baron JE Russian Orientalist and communal leader; born at Kamenetzetz-Podolsk July 5, 1857. He was educated at home, his teachers being...
506. Gabriel Jacob Ben Naphtalihirz GÜnzburg JE Lithuanian financier and philanthropist; born at Wilna about 1793; died at Simferopol, Crimea, May 2, 1853. After Günzburg...
507. GÜnzburg, Horace, Baron JE Russian philanthropist; born Feb. 8, 1833, in Zvenigorodka, government of Kiev, Russia, where he received his education. After...
508. Ilya Yakovlevich GÜnzburg JE Russian sculptor; son of Meyer Jacob; born at Grodno May, 1859. The sculptor Antokolski, on his way through Wilna in 1870...
509. Joseph Ben Mordecai GÜnzburg JE Russian Talmudist; lived at Brest-Litovsk in the second half of the seventeenth century and at the beginning of the eighteenth...
510. Joseph Yozel Ben Gabriel Jacob GÜunzburg JE Russian financier and philanthropist; born 1812; died at Paris Jan. 12, 1878. Having acquired great wealth during the Crimean...
511. Mordecai Aaron Ben Judah Asher GÜnzburg JE Russian Hebrew writer; born at Salanty, government of Kovno, Dec. 3, 1795; died at Wilna Nov. 5, 1846. Having studied Hebrew...
512. Simon Ben Eliezer GÜnzburg-ulma JE German scholar; communal worker; born at Günzburg, Bavaria, 1506; died at Burgau Jan. 9, 1585. He was the first who adopted...
513. Jonah Hayyim Gurland JE Russian and Hebrew writer; born at Kleck, government of Minsk, in 1843; died at Odessa March 14, 1890. At the age of ten Gurland...
514. Zerahiah Gutah JE Talmudic author of the seventeenth century; died at Cairo in 1647. He was a pupil of Jehiel Bassani and Joseph di Trani while...
515. Ludwig GÜterbock JE German physician; born at Berlin Oct. 23, 1814(University of Berlin, M.D. 1837); died there Feb. 28, 1895. He settled in his...
516. Paul GÜterbock JE German surgeon; born at Berlin June 2, 1844; died there Oct. 17, 1897. He was educated at the universities of Würzburg...
517. Gutmann, David, Ritter Von JE Austrian merchant; philanthropist; brother of Wilhelm von Gutmann; born at Leipnik, Moravia, Dec. 24, 1834. As president of...
518. Moses Gutmann JE Bavarian rabbi; born in Baiersdorf 1805; died at Redwitz Feb. 1, 1862; son of Yom-Ṭob Gutmann. Moses Gutmann was educated...
519. Gutmann, Wilhelm, Ritter Von JE Austrian merchant; philanthropist; born at Leipnik, Moravia, Aug. 18, 1825; died at Vienna May 17, 1895. Destined for a teacher...
520. Jakob Guttmann JE Hungarian sculptor; born in Arad 1811; died in Vienna April 28, 1860. In his early childhood he carved toys, and in 1833 went...
521. Paul Guttmann JE German physician and medical author; born at Ratibor, Prussian Silesia, Sept. 9, 1833; died in Berlin May 24, 1893. He received...
522. Samuel Guttmann JE German gynecologist and medical writer; born at Ostrowo, Prussia, 1839; died at Berlin Dec. 22, 1893. After completing his...
523. Hermann Gutzmann JE German physician; born at Bütow, in Pomerania, Jan. 29, 1865. He received the degree of doctor of medicine fromthe University...
524. Michael Joseph Guzikov JE Russian musician; born at Shklov 1806; died at Brussels Oct. 21, 1837. He was descended from a family of talented musicians...
525. Gymnasium JE ...