Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/F

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Fable JE A moral allegory in which beasts, and occasionally plants, act and speak like human beings. It is distinct from the beast-tale...
Da'ud Abu Al- FaḌl JE Karaite physician; born at Cairo 1161; died there about 1242. Having studied medicine under the Jewish physician Hibat Allah...
Fadus Cuspius JE Procurator of Judea after the death of Agrippa I. Appointed by Emperor Claudius in 44 C.E., he went to Palestine in the same...
Faenza JE City in the province of Ravenna, and the family seat of the Finzi according to a tradition of the family; Maẓlia&#7717...
Paul (paul Büchlein) Fagius JE Christian Hebraist; born at Rheinzabern, in the Kurpfalz, 1504; died at Cambridge, England, Nov. 13, 1549. He studied at the...
Fairs JE Periodical assemblies for the purchase and the sale of goods. Talmudic authorities were opposed to the attendance of Jews...
Fairy-tales JE ...
Faith JE In Biblical and rabbinical literature, and hence in the Jewish conception, "faith" denotes not belief in a dogmatic sense...
Baruch B Solomon Faitusi JE Preacher in Tunis toward the end of the eighteenth century. He was inclined toward mystical and cabalistic studies. His "Me&#7731...
Jacob B Abraham Faitusi JE Talmudist; lived in Tunis, and later in Jerusalem; died at Algiers July, 1812. He traveled in the interest of the Jerusalem...
Falaise JE Capital of the arrondissement of the department of Calvados, in Normandy, France, and till 1206 under English rule. It seems...
Shem-Ṭob Ben Joseph Falaquera (palquera) JE Spanish philosopher and poet: born 1225; died after 1290. He was well versed in Arabic and Greek philosophy, and had a fine...
Falashas JE Jews of Abyssinia. A colony of Jews exists in Abyssinia known under the denomination of "Falashas" or "Emigrants." They are...
Falces JE A town near Lerin, Navarre. Its Jewish community suffered greatly during the persecution of 1328. In 1366 it contained only...
Falcon JE ...
Abraham Aboab Falero JE Portuguese philanthropist; died at Verona 1642. At the beginning of the seventeenth century or perhaps even at the end of...
Eduard Falk JE German publicist; died in Paris July 7, 1863. Originally destined for a mercantile career, he later turned to study, and after...
Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk JE English cabalist and mystic; born about 1708; died in London April 17, 1782. Some writers give Fürth, others Podolia...
Jacob Joshua Ben Ẓebi Hirsch Falk JE See Jacob Joshua Ben Ẓebi Hirsch Falk.
Joshua Ben Alexander Ha-าohen Falk (v05p332001jpg) JE Polish Talmudist; born at Lublin; died at Lemberg March 29, 1614. His name occurs as "RaFaK" (= "R. Falk Kohen") and "Ma-HaRWaK"...
Max Falk JE Hungarian statesman and journalist; born at Budapest Oct. 7, 1828. The straitened circumstances of his parents threw him at...
Issachar Behr Falkensohn JE ...
Ferdinand Falkson JE German physician and political writer; born at Königsberg Aug. 20, 1820; died there Aug. 31, 1900. He was educated at...
Fall Of Angels JE In Apocalyptic Writings. The conception of fallen angels—angels who, for wilful, rebellious conduct against God, or...
Fall Of Man JE A change from the beatific condition, due to the alleged original depravity of the human race. The events narrated in Gen...
Fallow Deer JE ...
False Imprisonment JE ...
False Witness JE ...
Falsehood JE ...
Famiglia Israelitica JE ...
Familianten Gesetz JE A law which required every Jew in "the countries of the Bohemian crown" (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia) to obtain a special...
Famille De Jacob JE ...
Family And Family Life JE The family includes either those who are descended from a common progenitor, as "bet Dawid," the house (dynasty) of David...
Family Vault JE An exclusive burial-place for the members of a family. The desire of the ancient Hebrews to "lie with their fathers," and...
Famine JE A general scarcity of food, resulting as from drought, war, hail, flood, or insects. The land of Canaan is said in the Bible...
De Fanciulli JE ...
Fano JE Small town in the Papal States near Pesaro. Jewish bankers of Fano are known to have had a large financial transaction with...
Fano JE Name of an Italian family, members of which have been prominent as scholars since the sixteenth century. Among them the following...
Jucefe (joseph) Faquin JE Spanish traveler of the fourteenth century; lived first at Barcelona, but settled in Majorca after having made a tour of the...
Al- Farabi JE ...
Faraj Ben Salim JE Italian physician and translator; flourished in the second half of the thirteenth century. He was engaged by King Charles...
Jacob Al- Faraji JE Rabbi at Alexandria, Egypt, in the middle of the seventeenth century; brother-in-law of Shabbethai Nawawi, rabbi of Rashid...
Estori Farhi (parhi) JE Explorer of Palestine; born about 1282 at Florenza, Spain; died in Palestine, probably in 1357. His father, Moses, sent him...
Hayyim Mu'allim Farhi JE Minister of the Pasha of Damascus and Acre; born at Damascus about the middle of the eighteenth century; assassinated in 1820...
Isaac Farhi JE Dayyan and almoner of Jerusalem; born at Safed; died at Jerusalem May 11, 1853. About 1840 Farḥi was sent to Europe...
Joseph Shabbethai Farhi JE Talmudic scholar and cabalist; born at Jerusalem about 1802; died at Leghorn, Italy, in 1882. Farḥi was an earnest cabalist...
Juan De Faria JE Marano poet. While residing at Brussels in 1672 he wrote a poem in honor of his friend Miguel de Barrios' "Coro de las...
Abraham Ben Mordecai Farissol (perizol) JE Italian scholar and geographer; born at Avignon, France, 1451; died, according to Grätz ("Geschichte," ix. 44), in 1525...
Jacob Ben Hayyim Comprat Vidal Farissol JE Liturgical poet; born at Avignon; grandson of Vitalis Farissol, one of the three chief bailiffs of Avignon in 1400. He was...
Judah Farissol JE Italian mathematician and astronomer; flourished at Mantua at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1499 he wrote "Iggeret...
Benjamin L Farjeon JE English-Jewish novelist; born in London 1833; died there July 23, 1903; educated at private schools. He emigrated to New Zealand...
Albert Farkas JE Hungarian journalist; born at Szilágy Somlyó Aug. 1, 1842; attended the gymnasium at Kolozsvár (Klausenburg)...
Gyula (julius) Farkas JE Hungarian mathematician and physicist; born at Puszta Sárosd March 28, 1847; attended the gymnasium at Györ (Raab)...
Farmer Of Taxes JE See Tax-Farming.
Farming On Shares JE ...
Faro JE Capital of the Portuguese province of Algarve. It was the seat of the district rabbi, or chief justice, appointed by the chief...
Abraham Farrar (ferrar) JE Portuguese physician and poet; born at Porto; died at Amsterdam 1663. After practising medicine at Lisbon, Farrar emigrated...
Hirsch BÄr Fassel JE Austrian rabbi and author; born at Boskowitz, Moravia, Aug. 21, 1802; died at Nagy-Kanizsa, Hungary, Dec. 27, 1883. After...
Fasting And Fast-days JE Fasting is usually defined as a withholding of all natural food from the body for a determined period voluntarily appointed...
Fat JE The rendering in the English versions of the Hebrew word "ḥeleb," an animal substance of an oily character deposited...
Fatalism JE The doctrine that every event is predestined and must inevitably take place. According to Josephus, the question of fate&#8212...
Fate-books JE See Lots, Books of.
Father JE The word denotes primarily the begetter or genitor of an individual. In a looser sense it is used to designate the grandfather...
Fattori JE The executive body of the Roman community, consisting of three persons elected for one, later for one-half, year, by the representatives...
Faudel-phillips, Sir George, Bart JE Lord mayor of London (1896-97); second son of Sir Benjamin Samuel Phillips; born in 1840. George Phillips, who derived the...
Fault JE Harmful neglect of duty. The "culpa" of Roman law is treated to some extent under the heads of Accident and Bailments, the...
Ladislaus Fayer JE Hungarian jurist; born at Kecskemé in 1842. In 1870 he received the degree of doctor of law, three years later becoming...
Fayyum JE ...
Al- Fayyumi JE ...
Nathanael Al- Fayyumi JE Talmudic scholar and philosopher; flourished in Yemen about the middle of the twelfth century. He wrote a philosophical work...
Fear Of God JE The Hebrew equivalent of "religion." It is the mainspring of religion, morality, and wisdom, and is productive of material...
Fear Of Man JE Respect of parents is especially enjoined by both Scripture and Talmud (Ex. xx. 12; Deut. v. 16). The Talmud makes reverence...
Feasts JE ...
Tobias Gutmann Feder JE Polish poet and grammarian, born at Przedborz about 1760; died at Tarnopol, Galicia, 1817. He followed in turn the professions...
Federation Of American Zionists JE Zionist association organized in 1897 under the name of "Federation of Zionist Societies of Greater New York and Vicinity...
Fee JE A payment for service done or to be done, usually for professional or special services, the amount being usually fixed by...
Washing Of Feet JE Since the Israelites, like all other Oriental peoples, wore sandals instead of shoes, and as they usually went barefoot in...
Joseph Feilbogen JE Austrian rabbi; born 1784; died at Strassnitz, Moravia, March 3, 1869. He officiated as rabbi successively at Piesling, Pirnitz...
Gabriel Fabian Feilchenfeld JE German rabbi and author; born at Schlichtingsheim, Silesia, June 18, 1827. He received his first training in rabbinical literature...
Solomon Feinberg JE Russian financier and philanthropist; born at Yurburg, near Kovno, in 1821; died at Königsberg, Prussia, May 21, 1893...
Aryeh LÖb Feinstein JE Russian scholar; born at Damachev, near Brest-Litovsk, Dec. 6, 1821; died there Jan. 20, 1903. Feinstein studied the Talmud...
Jacob Feis JE German merchant and author; died on July 7, 1900, in London, where he had resided for many years. He devoted his literary...
Levy Feistel JE French army officer; born 1789; died 1855. After receiving a Talmudic training, he went to Mayence in 1806, and was admitted...
Uri Shraga B Solomon Feiwel (phoebus) JE Rabbi of Dubrovno, government of Mohilev, Russia, at the end of the eighteenth century and at the beginning of the nineteenth...
Joseph Fekete JE Hungarian journalist; born in Kecskemét Nov. 19, 1854; studied law at Berlin and Leipsic. At the latter city he founded...
Louis Felberman JE Author and journalist; born in Hungary in 1861. In 1881 he went to England, and subsequently joined the staff of the society...
Julius Feld JE Rumanian artist; born at Botuschany, Rumania, June 21, 1871. At an early age he went to France and studied at the Ecole des...
Sigmund Feld (rosenfeld) JE Hungarian actor and theatrical manager; born at Spácza, Hungary, 1849. In 1867 he appeared at the Josefstädter Theater...
Feldkirch JE ...
Wilhelm Feldman JE Polish author; born at Warsaw 1868. Since 1886 he has published the following works, in which he advocates theassimilation...
Leopold Feldmann JE German dramatist; born at Munich May 22, 1802; died in Vienna March 26, 1882. He was one of the most prolific farce- and comedy-writers...
Hugo Feleki JE Hungarian physician; born at Lovasberény March 23, 1861; studied medicine at the University of Budapest, where he became...
Felix (antonius Felix) JE Procurator of Judea. Felix, who was a freedman of the empress Antonia, was administrator of Samaria, and probably of Judea...
Elisa-rachel FÉlix JE French actress; born in the Soleil d'Or, the principal inn of the village of Munf, in the canton Aargau, Switzerland,...
Ludwig Felix JE Austrian economist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Feb. 22, 1830. He attended lectures on commerce in Vienna, and devoted himself...
Felix Pratensis JE Jewish apostate; born at Prato, Italy, in the second half of the fifteenth century; died at Rome in 1539. He received a good...
Rebecca FĖlix JE French actress; born at Lyons 1829; died at Eaux-Bonnes June 19, 1854. She gave early evidence of talent, was trained by her...
Sophie FẸlix JE French actress; eldest of the sisters of Elisa-Rachel Félix (Rachel); born in a small village near Frankfort-on-the-Main...
Bernhard Felsenthal JE German-American rabbi and author; born Jan. 2, 1822, at Münchweiler, near Kaiserslautern, Germany. He was educated at...
Fence To The Law JE ...
Fences JE ...
Adolf FÉnyes (fischmann) JE Hungarian painter; born at Kecskemét April 28, 1867; son of J. H. Fischmann, rabbi of that town. Though he first attracted...
Adolf Fenyvessy JE Chief of the bureau of stenography of the Hungarian Parliament; born at Zala-Egerszeg 1837; completed his studies at Sz&#233...
Feodosi Pecherski JE ...
Boris Ferber JE Russian author; born in Jitomir 1859; died in St. Petersburg 1895. He entered the University of St. Petersburg, where he took...
Ferdinand Ii JE Emperor of Germany; born July 9, 1578; elected Aug. 28, 1619; died Feb. 15, 1637. On the whole his reign was favorable for...
Ferdinand Iii JE King of Castile and Leon; son of Alfonso IX., King of Leon, and the pious Berenguela; born 1200; ascended the throne 1217...
Ferdinand Iv JE King of Castile and Leon (1295-1312); son of Sancho IV.; came to the throne in his youth. He had for his confidential friend...
Ferdinand And Isabella JE King of Spain; born 1452; died 1516; son of Juan II. of Aragon by his second wife, Juana Enriquez, daughter of Fredrique Enriquez...
Philip Ferdinand JE Hebrew teacher; born in Poland about 1555; died at Leyden, Holland, 1598. After an adventurous career on the Continent, during...
Fermosa JE A Jewess of Toledo named "Rahel," afterward called "Fermosa" (The Beautiful) because of her rare beauty. She held Alfonso...
Fernandez, Manuel, Da Villareal JE Political economist and dramatist; born in Lisbon of Marano parents. He attended the University of Madrid, and served for...
Philip Fernandez JE ...
Francisco Fernandez Y Gonzalez JE Spanish Orientalist; professor in the University of Madrid; member of the Academia de la Historia. He is a son-in-law of the...
Aaron Fernando JE Teacher and reformer at Leghorn, Italy; died 1830. He held a position under the first Napoleon, for whom he had the greatest...
Ferrara JE City in central Italy; capital of the province and former duchy of the same name. The Jewish community of Ferrara was one...
Ferrara Bible JE ...
Moses Ben MeÏr Ferrara JE Italian tosafist of the thirteenth century. He was a contemporary of Eleazar ben Samuel and of Isaiah ben Mali. No details...
Ferreolus JE Bishop of Uzès, France (553-581). As soon as he had obtained the bishopric he showed great zeal in trying to convert...
Vicente Ferrer JE Spanish Dominican preacher; born at Valencia Jan. 23, 1350; died at Vannes, France, April 5, 1419. Basnage supposes that he...
Ferret JE The rendering in the Authorized Version of the Hebrew "anaḳah" (Lev. xi. 30). The Septuagint has μυγ&#940...
Peter Ferrus JE Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in Spain in the fifteenth century. A poet of ability, he exercised his talents in deriding...
Comprat Vidal Ferussol JE ...
Sigismund Fessler JE Austrian lawyer and author; born at Vienna Aug. 26, 1845; educated at the gymnasium and university of that city. He was appointed...
Festivals JE The Hebrews designated a festival by the word "ḥag" (the Arabic "ḥajj"), originally implying a choragic rhythmic...
Porcius Festus JE Procurator of Judea about 60-62 C.E., after Felix (Josephus, "Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1). Although he...
Fetters JE Chains or shackles by which the feet may be fastened either together or to some heavy object. The most usual term for fetters...
Vincent Fettmilch JE Leader of the gilds of Frankfort-on-the-Main against the Jews in 1612, and instigator of the riots which led to the expulsion...
Nathaniel Feuer JE Hungarian oculist; born in Szobotiszt, Hungary, Aug. 18, 1844. He studied at the University of Vienna (M.D., 1872). Assistant...
Karl Feust JE German jurist; son of the chief rabbi of Bamberg; born at Bamberg Oct. 9, 1798; died at Fürth Aug. 19, 1872. Having been...
Fez JE Capital of the province of Fez in the sultanate of Morocco; built in the year 808 by Imam Idris II., who founded in Morocco...
David Of Fez JE ...
Joseph Ben Solomon Fiametta JE Rabbi of Ancona, Italy; died in 1721. His name iswritten variously: Wolf, in the Latin transcription of his name, gives "Flamneta"...
Benjamin-eugÈne Fichel JE French painter; born in Paris Aug. 30, 1826; died there Feb. 7, 1895. After essaying historical painting he turned his attention...
Jacob Ben Abraham Fidanque JE English scholar; died at London in 1701. He was one of the first Jews after the Return to busy himself with the study of rabbinic...
Fields JE ...
Fig And Fig-tree JE The fig-tree (Ficus Carica) and its fruit are designated in Hebrew by the same word, "te'enah" (Deut. viii. 8; Judges...
Figah JE River in the Damascene, affluent of the Barada (the Biblical "Abana"). "Figah" comes from the Greek πηγ&#8052...
Azariah Ben Ephraim Figo (pigo) JE Preacher at Venice; died at Rovigo 1647. Figo was an excellent scribe, and the scrolls which he wrote are highly prized. He...
Filehne JE ...
Hirsch Filipowski (phillip) JE Mathematician, linguist, and editor; born at Wirballen, Russia, 1816; died in London, England, July 22, 1872. At an early...
Finance JE The supplying of capital for large undertakings, a characteristic of modern forms of commerce. As distinguished from the more...
Raphael Finckenstein JE German physician and poet; born at Breslau Nov. 10, 1828; died there July 31, 1874. He was educated at the gymnasium and the...
Finder Of Property JE In law he who finds and takes up lost goods acquires thereby a special ownership as first occupant against all the world excepting...
Fines And Forfeiture JE A fine or forfeiture, in the sense either that a sum of money is to be paid, or that the whole or a part of a man's property...
Finger JE One of the digits. In the Bible the term is sometimes used in a figurative sense, denoting power, direction, or immediate...
Finland JE Russian grand duchy; formerly part of Sweden. It has a small Jewish population, which finds itself in a somewhat peculiar...
Julius Finn JE Russian - American chess-player; born April 28, 1871, at Vladislavovo, government of Suwalki, Russian Poland; emigrated to...
Finta JE A Spanish term signifying a tax which is paid to the government. It is still used—for example, in London by the Spanish...
Finzi JE An ancient Italian family, which probably derived its name from "Pineḥas," through the Latin "Finea." The remotest known...
Felice Finzi JE Italian Assyriologist; born at Correggio, 1847; died at Florence, 1872. While studying law at the University of Bologna he...
Giuseppe Finzi JE Italian patriot and parliamentarian; born at Rivarolo Fuori, province of Mantua, 1815; died Dec. 17, 1886. He studied at Padua...
Giuseppe Finzi JE Italian scholar and poet; born at Busseto Nov. 12, 1852. He has filled the chair of Italian literature in various gymnasia...
Moses Finzi JE Italian lawyer; born at Florence in 1830. He studied law at Pisa, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. For some years he was...
Solomon Fiorentino JE Italian poet; born at Monte San Savino, Tuscany, March 4, 1743; died at Florence Feb. 4, 1815. He studied at Sienna, where...
Jeremiah David Alexander Fiorino JE German miniature-painter; born at Cassel Feb. 20, 1796 (according to the catalogue of the Dresden Gallery, 1793); died at...
Fir JE The usual Authoized Version rendering of (once of the North-Palestinian pronunciation). In the Revised Version "cypress"...
Fire JE The ordinary process of combustion, for which the Hebrew generally has , in Daniel (Aramaic) , and, with reference to the...
Pillar Of Fire JE ...
Abraham B Samuel (aben Reshef) Firkovich JE Russian Karaite archeologist; born in Lutsk, Volhynia, Sept. 27, 1786; died in Chu-fut-Kale, Crimea, June 7, 1874. He was...
Firmament JE ...
Joseph Firman JE ...
First-born JE ...
Redemption Of First-born JE According to Talmudic tradition, the first-born acted as officiating priests in the wilderness, until the erection of the...
First-fruits JE As the firstling among the cattle, so the first-fruits of the field ("reshit," "ḥeleb" [LXX. ἀπα&#961...
The First-fruits Of The West JE ...
Firuz JE ...
Firuz-shabur JE City of Babylonia; the "Sipphara" of Ptolemy and the Βηρσαβῶρα of Zosimus; situated...
Abraham Jehiel Ben Ze'eb Wolf Fischel JE German rabbi of the eighteenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Imrah Ẓerufah," novellæ on several...
Eliezer Ben Isaac Fischel JE Russian Talmudist and cabalist; lived at Strizhov (Strizhovka) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He was the author...
A Fischell JE Rabbi and historian; lived in the city of New York in the middle of the nineteenth century. He was for some time an assistant...
MeÏr Fischels JE Austrian Talmudist, died at Prague, Dec. 16, 1769. He was called "Fischels" as the son of Ephraim Fischel of Bunzlau, while...
Bernard Fischer JE Austrian rabbi and author; born at Budikau, a village in the district of Chrudim, Bohemia, Jan. 12, 1821; graduated from the...
Karl Fischer JE Christian censor of Hebrew books in Prague; born in Lichtenstadt, Bohemia, July 5, 1755; died at Prague Jan. 22, 1844. He...
Marcus (maier) Fischer JE Austrian Hebraist; born in Vienna 1783; died at Prague May 22, 1853; son of Moses Fischer, rabbi of the Jewish community of...
Moritz Von Fischer JE Hungarian porcelain-manufacturer; born at Totis, Hungary, 1800; died there Feb. 25, 1900. He rendered distinguished service...
Moses Fischer JE Austrian rabbi; born at Prague about 1756; died at Eisenstadt, Hungary, about 1833; son of the wealthy Talmudic scholar Me&#239...
Nicolaus Wolfgang Fischer JE Physician and chemist; born Jan. 15, 1782, in Great Meseritz, Moravia; died Aug. 19, 1850, in Breslau. He studied at the universities...
Adolf Fischhof JE Austrian writer and politician; born at Alt-Ofen, Hungary, Dec. 8, 1816; died at Emmersdorf, near Klagenfurth, Carinthia,...
Joseph Fischhof JE Austrian pianist and composer; uncle of Robert Fischhof; born April 4, 1804, at Butschowitz in Moravia; died at Vienna June...
Robert Fischhof JE Austrian musician; born in Vienna Oct. 31, 1857. When only seven years old Robert Fischhof played in public. He studied at...
Nahman Isaac Fischmann JE Austrian author; died in 1873. His home was in Lemberg. He wrote: "Eshkol 'Anabim," a collection of Hebrew poems (Lemberg...
Fiscus Judaicus JE The yearly Temple tax of half a shekel prescribed by the Law (Ex. xxx. 13; compare Sheḳ. i. 1), and which the Jews of...
Fish And Fishing JE The Bible does not mention any particular fish by name. "Dag" and "nun" are the generic terms covering all species, thus designated...
Maurice Fishberg JE American physician; anthropologist; born Aug. 16, 1872, at Kamenetz, Podolsk, Russia; educated at the public school of his...
Fiume JE Hungarian free city and Adriatic seaport, with a Jewish population in 1901 of about 2,000. That there were Jews at Fiume in...
Five Scrolls JE ...
Fixtures JE Things fastened to the ground, directly or indirectly. Doubt may arise with regard to them, whether or not they become in...
Flaccus JE Governor of Egypt; enemy and persecutor of the Jews of Alexandria, for which reason Philo, in 42 C. E., directed a special...
L Pomponius Flaccus JE Roman governor of Syria (32-35?); no particulars concerning his life are known. When Agrippa (afterward King Agrippa I.),...
L Valerius Flaccus JE Proconsul of Asia Minor in 62-61 B.C. He is notorious in the history of the Jews for having seized for the public treasury...
Flag JE A standard or banner having a certain color, emblem, and sometimes an inscription, and carried before a marching army to distinguish...
Flagellants JE ...
Flagellation JE ...
Le Flambeau JE ...
Theodor Simon Flatau JE German physician; born at Lyck, province of East Prussia, June 4, 1860. He received his education at the gymnasium of his...
Flattery JE Insincere, obsequious, or venal praise. Flattery is condemned by Jewish moralists as an offense against sincerity (Ps. xii...
Flavia Domitilla JE Convert to Judaism and martyr at Rome. An early branch of the imperial Flavian house was at one time inclined toward Judaism...
Flavia Neapolis JE ...
Flavius Clemens JE ...
Flavius Eborensis JE Poet; born at Evora, Portugal, April 4, 1517; died at Ragusa, Sicily, 1607. He belonged to the Adumim, an old Spanish family...
Flavius Josephus JE ...
Flavius (raimundus) Mithridates JE Italian scholar; flourished at Rome in the second half of the fifteenth century. His Jewish name is unknown. About 1486 he...
Flax JE The principal species of the natural order Linaceæ which includes more than fifty other species. The culture of flax...
Flea JE ...
Johann Friedrich Ferdinand Fleck JE German actor; born at Breslau 1757; died in Berlin Dec. 20,1801. He made his début in 1777, at Leipsic, where he remained...
Fleckeles JE One of the oldest Jewish families in Prague; probably "Falkeles" originally, from "Falk," a common name among Jews of the...
Eleazar Ben David Fleckeles JE Austrian rabbi and author; born in Prague Aug. 26, 1754; died there April 27, 1826. He was the pupil of Moses Cohen Rofe,...
Max Fleischer JE Austrian architect; born in Prossnitz, Moravia, March 29, 1841. After graduating from the polytechnic high school of Vienna...
Ernst Fleischl Von Marxow JE Austrian physician; born at Vienna Aug. 5, 1846; died there Oct. 22, 1891. He received his education at the universities of...
Julius Fleischmann JE American merchant; mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio; born at Riverside, Ohio, June 8, 1872. Fleischmann was a member of the staff...
Abraham Flesch JE Rabbi in Vienna at the beginning of the seventeenth century. According to G. Wolf, he is identical with Abraham Austerlitz...
Joseph Flesch JE German merchant; born in Rausnitz, Moravia; died there Dec. 17, 1839. Flesch wrote excellent Hebrew, was a collaborator of...
Flesh JE The soft portions of the animal body, internally connected with the skeleton of bones and externally enclosed by the skin...
Simon Flexner JE American physician and pathologist; born at Louisville, Kentucky, March 25, 1863. He received the degree of doctor of medicine...
D I Flisfeder JE Russian physician and scholar; born about 1850; died in 1885 at Kishinev, where he had settled a few years previously. Flisfeder...
Flogging JE ...
The Flood JE (Gen. vi. 9-ix. 17): When God on account of man's wickedness resolved to destroy by a flood all mankind and all the animal...
Flora JE ...
Florence JE Capital of Tuscany, Italy. Jews settled here probably before 1400. They were not needed in this flourishing commercial city...
Hayyim Samuel Florentin JE Rabbi of Salonica; lived in the seventeenth century. He was the author of a work entitled "Me'il Shemuel" (Salonica, 1725)...
Isaac Florentin JE ...
Samuel B David Florentin JE Rabbi of Salonica in the eighteenth century. He was a nephew of Ḥayyim Samuel Florentin. He wrote: "Bet ha-Ro'eh...
Solomon B Samuel Florentin JE Turkish Talmudist; lived at Salonica in the seventeenth century. He wrote "Doresh Mishpaṭ," a collection from the marginal...
Florida JE The most southern of the United States of America, forming a peninsula washed on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the...
Gessius Florus JE Last procurator of Judea (64-66). Florus was notorious for his cruelty and rapacity, and was so much detested by the Jews...
Flour JE The finely ground substance of any cereal. The earliest and most simple way of crushing grain consisted in pounding it in...
Flowers Of The Bible JE ...
Flowers In The Home And The Synagogue JE As an agricultural people the Jews in their own land appreciated flowers as a means of natural decoration. The first crop...
Flute JE ...
Fly JE A two-winged insect, especially the common house-fly (Musca domestica). It is referred to in Eccl. x. 1: "Dead flies cause...
Foa JE French family; migrated from Italy in the eighteenth century. One branch of the family has been authorized to assume the name...
Eliezer Nahman Foa JE Italian rabbi and author; died in Reggio after 1641. He was a pupil of R. Moses Isserles, and possessed an extensive knowledge...
Esther-eugÉnie Foa JE French authoress; born at Bordeaux 1795; died in Paris 1853. She was famous for her beauty. Under the nom de plume "Maria...
Pio FoÀ JE Italian pathologist; born at Sabbionetta Jan. 26, 1848. He attended the lyceum at Milan; studied medicine at Pavia, and took...
Anton Fochs JE Hungarian philanthropist; died in Budapest May 31 1874. A few years before his death he sent an anonymous letter to the administration...
Armin Fodor JE Hungarian jurist; born at Nagy Mihály Jan. 27, 1862; studied law at Budapest, was admitted to the bar in 1886, and was...
Baruch Benedict Foges JE Austrian author; born at Prague June 28, 1805; died Aug. 23, 1890, in Karolinenthal, a suburb of Prague, where he was principal...
Foia Israelita JE ...
Foix JE Capital of the department of Ariège, France. In the Middle Ages there were Jews here as well as in other towns in the...
Hananel Di Foligno JE Jewish convert to Christianity; lived at Rome in the sixteenth century. He made himself notorious by his slanderous attacks...
Folk-lore JE The science dealing with those institutions, customs, literature, and beliefs of the folk or uncultured people that can not...
Folk-medicine JE The ideas and remedies common among uncultured people with regard to the prevention and cure of diseases. They are found among...
Folk-songs JE Songs or ballads originating and current among the common people, and illustrating the common life. Jewish folk-songs exist...
Folk-tales JE Stories usually containing incidents of a superhuman character, and spread among the folk either by traditions from their...
Folly And Fool JE According to the Jewish conception, folly is the antithesis of morality and piety (Prov. xiii. 19; Job xxviii. 28), as well...
Hans Folz JE German playwright and physician of the fifteenth century; said to have been bornin Worms. He is mentioned as "Hans Falz zu...
De Fonseca (fonsequa) JE Jewish-Portuguese family of Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, southern France, and America. Abraham de Fonseca: Died at Hamburg...
Fontainebleau JE French town in the department of Seine-et-Marne. The nucleus of the community was formed about 1787. The oldest document relating...
David Fontanella JE ...
Israel Berechiah Ben Joseph Jekuthiel Fontanella JE Italian rabbi and cabalist; lived at Reggio Emilia, later at Rovigo, at the end of the seventeenth century and in the first...
Food JE There are two main divisions of food, vegetable and animal. I. Vegetable Food: As among all the Oriental peoples, and as...
Forbidden Degrees JE ...
Forbidden Food JE ...
Foreign Attachment JE In modern law, the seizure of a debtor's property in a jurisdiction within which the debtor himself can not be found,...
Forest JE In the English versions the word "forest" is employed for the rendering of four different Hebrew words: (1) "ya'ar," which...
Forfeiture JE ...
Forgery JE The act of falsely making or materially altering, with intent to defraud, any writing which, if genuine, might be of legal...
Forgiveness JE Forgiveness is one of the attributes ascribed to Yhwh: "to the Lord our God belong mercies and forgiveness" (Dan. ix. 9; comp...
Forli JE City in the Romagna, Italy. It is mentioned for the first time in connection with Jewish history by Hillel of Verona, who...
Ẓaddik Ben Joseph Formon JE Turkish Talmudist and translator of the middle of the sixteenth century. He translated Baḥya's "Ḥobot ha-Lebabot"...
Solomon Formstecher JE German rabbi; born at Offenbach July 28, 1808; died there April 24, 1889. After graduating (Ph.D. 1831) from the Giessen University...
Fornaraki Affair JE Accusation of ritual murder which was made in Egypt in 1881, and which agitated the European press for nine months. On May...
Fornication JE Cohabitation between a man, married or unmarried, and an unmarried woman. While the common law speaks of intercourse between...
Anna Forstenheim JE Austrian writer and poetess; born at Agram Sept. 21, 1846; died at Vienna Oct. 19, 1889. She went to Vienna in 1867, and founded...
Fort Smith JE ...
Fort Wayne JE ...
Fort Worth JE ...
Forti (chaschetto, V05p437001jpg), Baruch Uzziel Ben Baruch JE Italian rabbi and editor; lived at Ferrara and Mantua in the sixteenth century. "Forti" is the Italian translation of "&#7716...
Hortensius (johanan) Hazak Forti JE Jewish convert to Christianity; lived in the sixteenth century; born at Gorima, and settled at Prague under Maximilian II...
Leone Fortis JE Italian critic, journalist, and dramatist; born at Triest Oct. 5, 1828; died at Milan 1895. He was baptized while a child...
Fortress JE A permanent fort or fortified place. The Israelites, when advancing into the country west of the Jordan, found a considerable...
Der Fortschritt Im Judenthum JE ...
The Number Forty JE In the Bible, next to the number seven, the number forty occurs most frequently. In Talmudical literature it is often met...
Fostat JE ...
Achille Fould JE French statesman and financier; born at Paris Nov. 17, 1800; died at Tarbes Oct. 5, 1867. The son of a wealthy banker, he...
Benoit Fould JE French politician; born at Paris Nov. 21, 1792; died there July 28, 1858. In 1827 he was nominated judge of the tribunal of...
Édouard Mathurin Fould JE French politician; born at Paris Dec. 18, 1834; died at Moulins April 8, 1881. On June 1, 1863, he was elected deputy for...
Gustave EugÈne Fould JE French politician and author; born at Paris Feb. 19, 1836; died at Asnières Aug. 27, 1884. On June 6, 1869, he was elected...
Foundation-stone JE ...
Foundling JE A deserted child whose parents are unknown. The question as to the status of such a child in the Jewish community was chiefly...
Fountain JE A natural spring of water. Although Palestine as a whole is scantily supplied with water, it has a number of fountains. These...
Four Countries JE ...
Fowls JE ...
Fox JE There are at present two species of fox inhabiting Palestine: the Canis flavescens, found in the north, and the C. niloticus...
Foy JE Branch of the family Foa, settled in the southwest of France since the middle of the eighteenth century. Special mention may...
Fraga JE City in Aragon. In 1328 Alfonso IV. confirmed all the privileges which the Moncadas had granted to the Jews of Fraga. Four...
France JE Country forming the most westerly part of Central Europe. Church Laws Against Jews.—Roman-Gallic Epoch: The banishment...
Immanuel Ben David Frances JE Italian poet and rabbinical scholar; born in Mantua July 22, 1618 (?); died at Leghorn after 1703. He received his instruction...
Jacob Ben David Frances JE Italian scholar and poet; born at Mantua in 1615; died at Florence in 1667. After having been thoroughly grounded in the Talmud...
Joseph Frances JE Spanish scholar; lived at Ferrara, Italy, about the middle of the sixteenth century. He was the author of a commentary to...
Franche-comtÉ JE Ancient province of France, also called "Haute-Bourgogne" or "Comté de, Bourgogne"; now divided into the departments...
Augusto Franchetti JE Italian lawyer and historian; born at Florence July 10, 1840; attended the lycée at Marseilles; studied law at Pisa,...
Franchetti, Leopoldo, Baron JE Italian deputy; born at Florence in 1847; studied law at Pisa. In company with Deputy Sidney Sonnino he undertook a journey...
Guglielmo Dei Franchi JE Jewish convert to Christianity; born at Rome; died there about 1600. Embracing Christianity, he joined the monastic order...
Francia JE A family of Spanish descent, whose arms, according to D'Hozier, were: Argent, a crown bearing the letters "G. F. R." sable...
Francia De Beaufleury JE A Jew of Spanish descent, who went to Bordeaux, probably from London, about 1760. He is the author of various works, among...
Franciscans JE ...
Adolphe Franck JE French philosopher; born at Liocourt, department of the Meurthe, Oct. 9, 1809; died at Paris April 11, 1893. Destined for...
Franco JE A Jewish family which derived its name from a place near Navarre, Spain. There were Francos at Amsterdam, Venice, Tunis, Constantinople...
Isaac Asher Francolm JE German preacher and religious teacher; born at Breslau Dec. 15, 1788; died there July 1, 1849; Ph.D., Leipsic, 1817. After...
Hayyim Frangi JE Turkish rabbinical author; born in 1833 at Constantinople; died there in 1903. He has published two Hebrew works: "Yisma&#7717...
BÄr B Gershon FrÄnk JE Hungarian scholar; born in Presburg about 1777; died there on the second day of the Feast of Weeks, 1845. He was sho&#7717...
Eve Frank JE ...
Frank, Jacob, And The Frankists JE The Frankists were a semi-Christian religious organization which came into being among the Jews of Poland about the middle...
Kathi (katharina Frankl) Frank JE Austrian actress; born at Bösing, near Presburg, Oct. 11, 1852. She appeared for the first time at the Viktoria Theater...
Mendel Frank JE Polish rabbi of the first half of the sixteenth century. He was at first rabbi of Posen, and a decision rendered by him there...
Nathan Frank JE American lawyer; member of the national House of Representatives; born in Peoria, Illinois, Feb. 23, 1852; educated in the...
Julia Frankau JE British author and novelist; born in Dublin, Ireland, July 30, 1864. Julia Frankau was educated by Madame Paul Lafargue, daughter...
FrÄnkel (frankel) JE A family of scholars and Talmudists, the earliest known member of which was Koppel Fränkel (1650), the richest Viennese...
Albert FrÄnkel JE German physician; born March 10, 1848, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Alexander FrÄnkel JE Austrian physician; born at Vienna Nov. 9, 1857. After attending the gymnasium and university of that city, he received the...
Benjamin FrÄnkel JE Russian scholar; lived at Warsaw in the first half of the nineteenth century. He traveled in Germany and England. He published...
David Ben Naphtali FrÄnkel JE German rabbi; born at Berlin about 1704; died there April 4, 1762. For a time he was rabbi of Dessau, and became chief rabbi...
Elkan FrÄnkel JE Court Jew (1703-12) to the margrave William Frederic of Brandenburg-Ansbach; died in the state prison of Wülzburg, near...
Ernst FrÄnkel JE German physician; born at Breslau May 5, 1844; studied medicine at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, and Breslau (M.D. 1866)...
Gabriel FrÄnkel JE Court Jew of the margraves of Ansbach about 1700. He was very influential at court, and highly esteemed by the Jews of the...
Hirsch FrÄnkel JE Chief rabbi in the margravate of Ausbach, with residence at Schwabach, 1709-13; died in prison 1723. He was a brother of Elkan...
Jonas FrÄnkel JE German banker and philanthropist; son of Joel Wolf, grandson of David Fränkel, the author of "Ḳorban 'Edah"...
Ludwig FrÄnkel JE German writer; born at Leipsic Jan. 24, 1868. He studied at the universities of Leipsic and Berlin, and in England, receiving...
Ludwig F FrÄnkel JE German physician; born May 23, 1806, at Berlin; died there July 6, 1872. He received his education at the University of Berlin...
Moses Ben Abraham FrÄnkel JE German rabbi; father of David Fränkel; born at Berlin June 30, 1739; died at Dessau Feb. 20, 1812. In 1787 he settled...
Seckel Isaac FrÄnkel JE German banker; born at Parchim, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Jan. 14, 1765; died at Hamburg June 4, 1835.He acquired by private study...
Sigmund FrÄnkel JE Austrian physician and chemist; born at Cracow May 22, 1868. After completing his course at the gymnasium of Gratz (Styria)...
Simon Wolf FrÄnkel (frankel-spira) JE Head of the Jewish community in Prague for two decades beginning May 20, 1724, and a stanch defender of his oppressed coreligionists...
Wolfgang Bernhard FrÄnkel JE German physician; born at Bonn Nov. 11, 1795; died at Elberfeld March 5, 1851. He took an active part in the campaigns of...
Zecharias Frankel JE German theologian; born at Prague Sept. 30, 1801; died at Breslau Feb. 13, 1875. Frankel was the founder and the most eminent...
Abraham Von Frankenberg JE German mystic of the seventeenth century; friend and correspondent of Manasseh ben Israel. He was a nobleman and the most...
Wolf Frankenburger JE German deputy; born at Obbach, Bavaria, June 8, 1827; died at Nuremberg July 18, 1889. While a student at Würzburg he...
Moritz Ludwig Frankenheim JE German physicist; born in Brunswick June 29, 1801; died in Dresden Jan. 14, 1869; educated at the gymnasia of Wolfenb&#252...
Adolph L Frankenthal JE United States consul at Bern, Switzerland; born July 1, 1851, at Lübeck, Germany. Frankenthal was educated at the public...
Frankfort-on-the-main JE City in the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, Germany. The date of the organization of its Jewish community is uncertain...
Frankfort-on-the-oder JE Chief town of a district of the same name in the Prussian province of Brandenburg, and situated on the left bank of the River...
Akiba B Jacob Frankfurt JE German preacher and author; died at Frankfort-on-the-Main 1597. He was the son-in-law of R. Simeon Guenzburg of Frankfort...
Bernhard Frankfurter JE German teacher and writer; son of Rabbi Moses Frankfurter; born at Herdorf March 15, 1801; died Aug. 13, 1867. In 1822 he...
Judah LÖw B Simon Frankfurter JE See Judah Löb b. Simon.
Moses Ben Simon Frankfurter JE Dayyan and printer of Amsterdam; born 1672; died 1762. It appears from his epitaph (Mælder, "Jets over de Bergraafplaatsen...
Naphtali Frankfurter JE German preacher; brother of Bernhard Frankfurter; born at Oberdorf Feb. 13, 1810; died April 13, 1866; studied at the universities...
Simon Ben Israel Frankfurter JE Dutch rabbinical scholar; father of Moses Frank, furter; born at Schwerin, Germany; died at Amsterdam Dec. 9, 1712. He was...
Solomon Frankfurter JE Austrian librarian and archeologist; born at Presburg, Hungary, Nov. 9, 1856. He studied at Vienna (Ph.D., 1883) and Berlin...
Frankincense JE Frankincense was not indigenous to Palestine—the assumption that the tree from which it is derived was at home in the...
Frankists JE ...
Frankl, Lothar Amadeus, Ritter Von Hochwart JE Austrian neuropathist; born at Vienna June 12, 1862; son of Ludwig August Frankl; educated at the Schottengymnasium and at...
Frankl, Ludwig August, Ritter Von Hochwart JE Austrian poet and writer; born at Chrast, Bohemia, Feb. 3, 1810, died at Vienna March 12, 1894. He received his early education...
Otto Frankl JE Austrian jurist; born in Prague Oct. 4, 1855; studied at the universities of Prague, Göttingen, and Leipsic; made privat-docent...
Pinkus Friedrich Frankl JE German rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan., 1848; died at Johannisbad Aug. 22, 1887. After attending the yeshibah...
Adolf Frankl-grÜn JE Austrian rabbi; born at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, Jan. 21, 1847. He received his education at the schools of his native town...
Benjamin A Franklin JE Jamaica merchant; born at Manchester, England, 1811; died at Kingston, Jamaica, April 26, 1888. He went to the island about...
Fabian Franklin JE American mathematician, editor, and author; born in Eger, Hungary, Jan. 18, 1853; son of Morris Joshua and Sarah Heilprin...
Jacob Abraham Franklin JE English journalist and philanthropist; born at Portsmouth 1809; died Aug. 3, 1877. On his retirement from business he went...
Franks JE American Jewish family which included a number of officers of some distinction engaged on both sides in the American Revolutionary...
Karl Emil Franzos JE Austrian author; born Oct. 25, 1848, in the Russian government of Podolia. His childhood was spent at Czortkow, Galicia, the...
Frat Maimon JE Provençal scholar; flourished in the second half of the fourteenth century. The name "Frat" is, according to Neubauer...
Fraternitatea JE ...
Fraternities JE Societies for mutual benefit. If it be true that "the origin of the friendly society is probably in all countries the burial...
Fraud And Mistake JE Where in a transaction one of the parties loses by the fraud, i.e., the misrepresentation, of the other, or by his suppression...
Frauenschul JE That part of the synagogue which is reserved for women, whether an annex, as in the Altneuschul of Prague and in the synagogue...
Christian Martin Julius FrauenstÄdt JE German student of philosophy; born at Bojanowo, Posen, April 17, 1813; died at Berlin Jan. 13, 1879. He was educated at the...
Max Frauenthal JE American soldier; born at Marienthal, Rheinpfalz, Bavaria, in 1836; emigrated to America in 1851; lived for a time in Texas...
Frederick Ii JE King of Prussia; born 1712; reigned from 1740 till his death in 1786. He was not friendly to the Jews, although he issued...
Freemasonry JE The institutions, rites, and principles of a secret society devoted to the promotion of fraternal feeling and morality among...
Freethinkers And Freethought JE See Rationalists; Skeptics.
Free Will JE The doctrine that volition is self-originating and unpredictable. That man is free to choose between certain courses of conduct...
Free-will Offering JE A term applied to gifts presented out of the benevolence or religious impulse of heart of the giver, and not in fulfilment...
Abraham Solomon Freidus JE Bibliographer; born in Riga, Russia, May 1, 1867. He went to Paris in 1886, and thence to the United States in the autumn...
J B Freiheim JE American lawyer and soldier; born in Bavaria 1848; died at Camden, Ark., Aug. 22, 1899. Freiheim was an early Jewish resident...
Aaron Freimann JE German librarian and historian; born Aug. 5, 1871, at Filehne, Posen. He is the son of Israel Meïr Freimann, and grandson...
Israel MeÏr Freimann JE German rabbi; born Sept. 27, 1830, at Cracow; died Aug. 21, 1884, at Ostrowo, He received his education from his father and...
Der Freitagabend JE ...
Israel Frenkel JE Russian Hebraist and teacher; born at Radom, Russian Poland, Sept. 18, 1853. He was a pupil in Talmudic literature of Samuel...
Israel Frenkel JE Russian physician; born at Rypin, government of Plotzk, June 29, 1857. At the age of twelve he had received only a religious...
Solomon Frensdorff JE German Hebraist; born at Hamburg Feb. 24, 1803; died at Hanover March 23, 1880. While pursuing his studies at the Johanneum...
David Fresco JE Turkish writer; descendant of Spanish exiles; born at Constantinople about 1850. He edited successively five Judæo-Spanish...
Moses Fresco JE Turkish Talmudist; born at Constantinople 1780; died there 1850. He succeeded Samuel Ḥayyim as ḥakam bashi (chief...
Sigmund Freud JE Austrian physician; born May 6, 1856, at Freiberg in Moravia. He received his education at the University of Vienna, where...
Berthold Freudenthal JE Professor of law at the Academy of Frankfort-on-the-Main; born at Breslau, Aug. 23, 1872; son of Jacob Freudenthal. Freudenthal...
Jacob Freudenthal JE German philosopher; born June 20, 1839, at Bodenfelde, province of Hanover, Prussia. Freudenthal received his education at...
Freudline JE ...
Ernst Freund JE American jurist; born in New York Jan. 30, 1864; attended gymnasia at Dresden and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and the universities...
Ernst Freund JE Austrian physician; born at Vienna Dec. 15, 1863; educated at the University of Vienna, whence he was graduated as M.D. in...
Samuel Ben Issachar BÄr Freund JE Bohemian Talmudist; born at Tuschkau Dec., 1794; died at Prague June 18, 1881. After studying under Eleazar of Triesch and...
Wilhelm Freund JE German philologist and lexicographer; born Jan. 27, 1806, at Kempen, province of Posen; died June 4, 1894, at Breslau. He...
Wilhelm Alexander Freund JE German gynecologist; born at Krappitz, Silesia, Aug. 26, 1833. He studied medicine at the University of Breslau, where he...
Friars JE Before the institution of the mendicant friars the monastic orders did not play a prominent part in Jewish persecutions. The...
Friday JE ...
Abraham Shalom ("har Shalom") Friedberg JE Russian Hebraist; born at Grodno Nov. 6, 1838; died in Warsaw March 21, 1902. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to...
Bernard Friedberg JE Austrian Hebraist; born at Cracow Dec. 19, 1876. Besides numerous contributions to Hebrew and other periodicals, he has published...
Heinrich Von Friedberg JE German statesman; born at Mürkisch-Friedland, West Prussia, Jan. 27, 1813; died at Berlin June 2, 1895. Friedberg studied...
Hermann Friedberg JE German physician, born at Rosenberg, Silesia, July 5, 1817; died at Breslau March 2, 1884. He studied at the universities...
Karl Rudolph Friedenthal JE Prussian statesman; born in Breslau Sept. 15, 1827; died on his estate, Giesmannsdorf, near Neisse, March 7, 1890. He was...
Markus BÄr Friedenthal JE German banker and scholar; born in 1779; died at Breslau Dec. 3, 1859. Although one of the leading bankers at Breslau, he...
Friedenwald JE An American Jewish family, established in Baltimore, Md., by Jonas Friedenwald. His children were Bernard Stern, stepson (1820-73)...
Heinrich Friedjung JE Austrian journalist and author, born at Rostschin, Moravia, Jan. 18, 1851; studied at Prague, Berlin, and Vienna (Ph.D.)....
Friedland JE A family which came presumably from Friedland in the German duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (or perhaps from the Bohemian town...
Moses Aryeh LÖb Friedland JE Russian philanthropist; born at Dünaburg, government of Vitebsk, Jan. 8, 1826; died at St. Petersburg Nov. 21, 1899....
Camilla FriedlÄnder JE Austrian painter; born in Vienna Dec. 10, 1856; daughter and pupil of Friedrich Friedländer. She has devoted herself...
Dagobert FriedlÄnder JE Member of the Prussian Upper House; born in Kolmar, Posen, Feb. 19, 1826. From 1846 to 1857 he conducted a book business in...
David FriedlÄnder JE German writer and communal leader; born at Königsberg Dec. 6, 1750; died Dec. 25, 1834, at Berlin, where he had settled...
Friedrich FriedlÄnder JE Genre painter; born Jan. 10, 1825, at Kohljanowitz, Bohemia. He studied at the Vienna Academy, and later under Professor Waldm&#252...
Joseph Abraham FriedlÄnder JE German rabbi; born at Kolin, Bohemia, 1753; died at Brilon, Westphalia, Nov. 26, 1852. He was the nephew of David Friedl&#228...
Julius FriedlÄnder JE German numismatist; born in Berlin June 25, 1813; died there April 4, 1884. After studying at the universities of Bonn and...
Ludwig FriedlÄnder JE German philologist; born at Königsberg July 16, 1824. He studied at the universites of Königsberg and Leipsic from...
Ludwig Hermann FriedlÄnder JE German physician; born April 20, 1790, at Königsberg, Prussia; died 1851 at Halle, Saxony. He entered the Königsberg...
Max FriedlÄnder JE Journalist; born June 18, 1829, at Pless, Prussian Silesia; died April 20, 1872, at Nice. After studying law at the universities...
Max FriedlÄnder JE German writer on music and bass concert-singer; born in Brieg, Silesia, Oct. 12, 1852. A pupil of Manuel Garcia (London) and...
Michael FriedlÄnder JE Principal of Jews' College, London; born at Jutroschin, Prussia, April 29, 1833. He studied at the universities of Berlin...
Moritz FriedlÄnder JE Austrian theologian; born in Bur Szt. Georgen, Hungary, 1842; now (1903) residing in Vienna. He was educated at the University...
Solomon FriedlÄnder JE Preacher and physician; born at Brilon, Westphalia, Oct. 23, 1825; died in Chicago Aug. 22, 1860. He studied in Bonn and Heidelberg...
Aaron Ẓebi Friedman JE Shoḥeṭ: born in Stavisk, Poland, March 22, 1822; died in New York city May 17, 1876. At the age of seventeen Friedman...
LÖb Behr (aryeh Dob) Friedman JE Author and pedagogue; born in 1865 at Suwalki, Russian Poland. He was educated at Boskowitz, Moravia, afterward removing to...
Alfred Friedmann JE German poet and author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Oct. 26, 1845. Brought up as a goldsmith, he renounced that occupation...
BernÁt Friedmann JE Hungarian jurist and criminal lawyer; born in Grosswardein Oct. 10, 1843; studied law at the "Rechtsakademie" there and at...
MeÏr Ben Jeremiah Friedmann ("ish Shalom") JE Austrian scholar; born at Kraszna, in the district of Kashau, Hungary, July 10, 1831. At the age of thirteen he entered the...
Moritz Friedmann JE Hungarian cantor; born in Hrabócz, Hungary, March 7, 1823; died in Budapest Aug. 29, 1891. Up to 1848 he filled several...
Paul Friedmann JE German philanthropist; born at Berlin in the middle of the nineteenth century. Friedmann is of Jewish descent, and is connected...
Siegwart Friedmann JE German actor; born at Budapest April 25, 1842. He was a pupil of Dawison, who not only educated him for the stage, but took...
David B Zebi Hirsch Friedrichsfeld JE German and Hebrew author; born about 1755 in Berlin; died Feb. 19, 1810, in Amsterdam. In the Prussian capital he absorbed...
Friedrichstadt JE Town in the government of Courland, Russia, with a population (1897) of 5,223, of whom 3,800 were Jews. With the admission...
Friendship JE Personal attachment to an individual due to mutual interests or arising from close intimacy or acquaintance.The historical...
Jakob Friedrich Fries JE Christian writer against the Jews; born at Barby, Saxony, Aug. 23, 1773; died at Jena Aug. 10, 1843. In 1801 Fries lectured...
David Ben MeÏr Friesenhausen JE Bavarian mathematician; born at Friesenhausen about the middle of the eighteenth century; lived at Berlin, and later at Hunfalu...
Jakob Frim JE Hungarian educator; born in Körmend May 1, 1852. On his return from a prolonged journey abroad, where he had studied...
Fringes JE Threads with a cord of blue entwined, fastened to the four corners of the Arba' Kanfot and the Ṭallit and pendent...
David Ben Saul Frischman JE Russian Hebraist; born in Lodz 1863; now (1903) residing in Warsaw. Frischman began very early to write both poetry and prose...
Benedetto (benzion Raphael Kohen) Frizzi JE Italian physician and writer; born at Ostiano, Mantua, in 1756; died there May 30, 1844. In his youth he was instructed by...
Frog JE The Hebrew term generally occurs in the plural; twice only in the singular as collective, once with (Ex. viii. 2) and once...
Regina Frohberg JE German writer; born at Berlin Oct. 4, 1783; date of death not known. She was the daughter of a very wealthy merchant by the...
Charles Frohman JE American theatrical manager; born at Sandusky, Ohio, about 1858. He began his theatrical career as advance agent for Haverley&#39...
Daniel Frohman JE American theatrical manager; brother of Charles Frohman; born at Sandusky, Ohio, 1853. He went to New York city in 1866, and...
Frontlets JE ...
Isaac Hayyim Frosoloni JE Italian poet of the eighteenth century; born at Sienna; died at Leghorn 1794. On the completion of his Hebrew and secular...
Semion Grigoryevich Frug JE Russian writer and poet; born 1860 in the [[Jewish agricultural colony of Bobrovy-Kut, government of Kherson. In 1880 there...
Der FrÜhling JE ...
Fruit JE See Almond; Apple; Botany; Cookery; Etrog; Fig; Food; Grape; Mulberry; Nuts; Oil; Olive; Palm; Peach; Pear; Pompegrante; St...
Israel Dob (bÄr) Frumkin JE Hebrew author; born in Dubrovna, Russia, Oct. 29, 1850. His father, Alexander Frumkin, when sixty years old emigrated to Jerusalem...
Simone Fubini JE Italian physiologist; born May 26, 1841, in Casale Monferrato, Piedmont; died Sept. 6, 1898, at Turin. After finishing his...
Isidor Fuchs JE Austrian journalist; born in Leipnik, near Biala, Galicia, Sept. 25, 1849. He has been active most of his life in journalism...
Fuel JE Mineral coal was unknown to the ancient Hebrews, who used instead wood, manure, and grass for fuel. Wood was never abundant...
Benjamin Fuenn JE Russian physician; son of Samuel Fuenn; born at Wilna in 1848; died there Aug. 12, 1901. Educated at the rabbinical seminary...
Samuel Joseph Fuenn JE Russian scholar; born at Wilna Sept., 1819; died there Jan. 11, 1891. He received the usual Talmudic education, and also acquired...
Fugitive JE ...
Aaron B Moses Fuld JE German Talmudist; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main Dec. 2, 1790; died there Dec. 2, 1847. Being both a man of means and very...
Ludwig Fuld JE German lawyer and juridical author; born at Mayence Dec. 23, 1859. He received his education at the gymnasium of his native...
Fulda JE District town, on the right shore of the River Fulda in the Prussian province Hessen-Cassel. The Jews settled at Fulda at...
Ludwig Fulda JE German author; born at Frankfort-on-the-Main July 15, 1862. He studied German philology and philosophy at the universities...
Nicolas De Oliver Y Fullana JE Chartographer; born on the island of Majorca; lived there as "Capitan" or "Cavallero Mallorquin" as late as 1650. On Oct....
Fuller JE A cloth-finisher or -cleaner. The Hebrew term is (Mal. iii. 2) or (II Kings xviii. 17; Isa. vii. 3, xxxvi. 3), denoting...
Das FÜllhorn JE ...
Fulvia JE A Roman lady of high station, converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape...
Isaac Fundam JE Spanish author and publisher; lived in Amsterdam about 1723. He wrote "Varios y Honestos Entretenimientos en Varios Entremeses...
FundÄo JE Chief town in the district of the same name, province of Beira, Portugal. Of the27,000 inhabitants of the entire "conselho"...
Funeral Oration JE The expression of grief over the dead body of a relative or friend in words of lamentation or of praise is of very early origin...
Funeral Rites JE Ceremonies attending the burial of the dead. After the body had been cleansed ("ṭohorah") and placed on the bier (see...
Funes JE Town in Navarre, in the district of Olite; received a fuero (charter) in 1120, containing several clauses in restraint of...
FÜnfkirchen JE See Pacs.
Furnace JE Three kinds of structures or apparatus for baking, smelting, etc., were known to the ancient Hebrews: (1) the oven for baking...
Household Furniture JE In the East the house is not as important as in northern countries, since the climate permits an outdoor life in the widest...
Alexander FÜrst JE German physician; born at Braunsberg April 15, 1844; died in Berlin May 25, 1898. He studied medicine at Königsberg,...
Julius FÜrst JE German rabbi; born at Mannheim Nov. 14, 1826; died there Sept. 5, 1899. He received his secular education at the University...
Julius FÜrst JE German Hebraist and Orientalist; born May 12, 1805, at Zerkowo, Prussia, where his father, Jacob, was darshan; died at Leipsic...
Livius FÜrst JE German physician; born at Leipsic, May 27, 1840; son of the Orientalist Julius Fürst. Livius Fürst studied at the...
FÜrstenfeld JE Town in Styria, Austria. Jews began to settle there in 1278, Rudolph of Habsburg having granted (1277) to its inhabitants...
Jacob Raphael FÜrstenthal JE German poet, translator, and Hebrew writer; born in Glogau 1781; died at Breslau Feb. 16, 1855. Fürstenthal's attention...
Johann August L FÜrstenthal JE German jurisconsult of the first half of the nineteenth century; a brother of Jacob Raphael Fürstenthal. He embraced...
Abraham Furtado JE French politician; born at London 1756; died at Bordeaux Jan. 29, 1816. His parents were members of a Portuguese Marano family...
Auguste Furtado JE French banker; born at St. Esprit April 11, 1797; died at Bayonne May 20, 1883. He was a descendant of a Portuguese family...
CÉcile Charlotte Furtadoheine JE French philanthropist; born at Paris 1821; died at Rocquencourt (Seine-et-Oise) 1896. Her ancestors on both sides were prominent...
FÜrth JE City of Bavaria, Germany. On April 17, 1528, George the Pious, Margrave of Ansbach, permitted two Jews, Perman and Uriel Wolff...
Meyer B Elhanan FÜrth JE German writer and teacher, who belonged only in a restricted sense to the school of the Meassefim, for he was a conservative...

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