Jews outside Europe under Nazi occupation
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[edit] North Africa
The "Final solution" plan aspired to destroy all the Jews of the world . The Jews in the states that were under French patronage hoped in the beginning of the war to get France's protection. After France's defeat in 1940 and the establishment of Vichy regime, the situation of the Jews in North Africa worsened.
[edit] Jews of Algeria
Vichy rule (that ruled in Algeria from 1940) cancelled the citizenship of the Jews and instituted the same restrictions that applied to the Jews of France (and forbid them to work for the government, to be bankers, teachers and students, and also the number of Jews permitted to work in free professions was limited). In 1941 the property of the Jews was confiscated. The suffering of the Jews of Algeria was difficult because of their previous high position in society. In 1941 some Jews joined the anti-Nazi underground. Many Jews were caught and were sent to Labor camps or were executed. The Judenrats required assistance in preparation of war materiel. In November 1942 Algeria was liberated by the United States and Great Britain. Much to the Jewish society's detriment, the American liberators collaborated with members of the Vichy government, and many of the underground Jews suffered despite their assistance to the Americans.[citation needed]In 1943 the restraints on the Jews of Algeria were cancelled.
[edit] Jews of Tunisia
Tunisia was also under Vichy rule with the same restrictions like in Morocco and Algeria. In November 1942 the control in Tunisia moved to the Germans. The Nazis established a local Judenrat, took hostages, confiscated the property of the Jews and imposed on the community heavy financial punishments. The community required to provide the needs of the German army, and the synagogue become a German storeroom. The Jews were marked with the Yellow badge, 4,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps in Tunisia and a few were sent to the extermination camps. Many Jews were murdered by means of being shot in their homes, Death marches, hunger, diseases and bombings. Tunisia was liberated by the Allies in May 1943, and the persecution of the Jews ceased.
[edit] Jews of Morocco
In 1940, the Nazi-controlled Vichy government issued antisemitic decrees excluding Jews from public functions and imposing the wear of yellow Magen David star. Sultan Mohamed V refused to apply these racist laws and, as sign of defiance, insisted on inviting all the rabbis of Morocco to the 1941 throne celebrations[1].
[edit] Jews of Libya
Libya was under Italian rule. The Jews suffered from anti-Semitism as a result of the tightening of the relations with Germany. During the war the Jews of Libya injured from the Italians and from the local Muslim population. From 1942 laws of racial discrimination were activated in Libya and men between the ages of 18-45 were recruited to forced labor. In February 1942 Libya was conquered by the Germans, who ordered on the transferring of the Jews to concentration camps. Thousands of Jews were sent to Labor camps, and thousands died from hunger and epidemics. Hundreds of Jews, who were British and Italian subjects were sent to the extermination camps, and on the rest were cast economic restrictions.
[edit] Jews of Iraq
While not under occupation of Nazi Germany, Iraq was, for a short term, under the Nazi-allied regime of Rashid Ali Al-Gaylani. While the regime did not last long, the Farhud (a pogrom in which 180 Jews died) is considered among its results.
[edit] References
[edit] See also
- Italo-Turkish War (Italian invasion of Libya)
- European Theatre of World War II
- Occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany
- Belarusian Central Rada
- Occupation of the Channel Islands
- Occupation of Czechoslovakia
- Occupation of Denmark
- Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
- Vichy France
- Reichskommissariat Kaukasus
- Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
- Lokot Republic
- Military history of Luxembourg during World War II
- Reichskommissariat Moskau
- Occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany
- History of Poland (1939–1945)
- Reichskommissariat Ukraine
- Mediterranean Theatre of World War II
- North African campaign
- East African Campaign (World War II)
- Tunisia Campaign
- Western Desert Campaign
[edit] Further reading
- Robert Satloff: Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust's Long Reach into Arab Lands (PublicAffairs, 2006). ISBN 1586483994
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