Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War
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Many Jewish people were active in Socialist and Communist organisations in the period between the two World Wars [1]. They were highly represented in the International Brigades and numbered "about fifty per cent among the Americans of the International Brigades[2]. Other estimates put the figure at "ten per cent" [3].
The leadership of the International Brigades considered forming an entirely Jewish brigade[4] but the high casualties made this impossible. However, a Jewish company, the Naftali Botwin Company was formed within the Palafox Battalion.
[edit] Origin of Jewish volunteers in the International Brigades
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Nationality AJEX[5] Poland 2,250 United States 1,250 France 1043 Palestine 500 Germany 400 Britain 200-400 Belgium 200 Austro-Hungary 120-150 Canadian 71 Soviet Union 53
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[edit] People
- George Nathan - Chief of Staff XV International Brigade
- Milton Wolff - commander Lincoln Battalion
- Fernando Gerassi
- Albert "Yank" Levy
- Henryk Torunczyk - commander Naftali Botwin Company
- Manfred Stern alias General Emilio Kléber.
- Saul Wellman - political commissar Lincoln Battalion and Washington Battalion[6]
- Carlo Rosselli - headed the Matteotti Battalion
- Jack Shulman - American activist
- Valter Roman - Romanian politician
- Abe Osheroff - American activist
- Alfred Kantorowicz - Banned German writer (also known as Helmuth Campe)
- Kurt Julius Goldstein - International Brigader, Holocaust survivor, author.
- Lou Kenton British potter
- Alfred Sherman - British journalist and adviser to Margaret Thatcher
[edit] Books, sources, links and footnotes
- 300 German and Austrian brigadists in French internment camp on jewishtraces.org
- AJEX: Jews in the Spanish Civil War
- Saul Wellman Archive
- Gerben Zaagsma Jewish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War
- Lenni Brenner Zionism in the Age of the Dictators
- Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War, 2001.
- Cecil Eby, Comrades and Commissars, 2006.
- Albert Prago, Jews in the International Brigades in Spain, 1979.
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