Jerez de la Frontera
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| Jerez de la Frontera | |||||
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| Location | |||||
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 Location of Jerez de la Frontera within Cádiz province |
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| Coordinates : Time zone : |
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| General information | |||||
| Native name | Jerez de la Frontera (Spanish) | ||||
| Spanish name | Jerez de la Frontera | ||||
| Postal code | 11401 to 11409 | ||||
| Website | http://www.webjerez.com/ | ||||
| Administration | |||||
| Country | Spain | ||||
| Autonomous Community | Andalusia | ||||
| Province | Cádiz | ||||
| Comarca | Campiña de Jerez | ||||
| Mayor | Pilar Sánchez Muñoz (PSOE) | ||||
| Geography | |||||
| Land Area | 1.188,14 km² | ||||
| Altitude | 56 m AMSL | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | 202.687 (2007) | ||||
| Density | 170,59 hab./km² (2007) | ||||
Jerez de la Frontera is a municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southwestern Spain. As of 2007, the city had 202,687 inhabitants; it is the largest city in the province of Cádiz and the fifth largest in Andalusia. It has become the transportation and communications hub of the province, surpassing even Cádiz, the provincial capital, in economic activity. Jerez de la Frontera is also, in terms of land area, the largest municipality in the province, and its sprawling outlying areas are a fertile zone for agriculture. There are also many cattle ranches and horse-breeding operations.
[edit] The city's name
Even though there are two other cities in southern Spain named Jerez (Jerez de los Caballeros in Badajoz province and Jerez del Marquesado in Granada province), when one says "Jerez", it is more than likely that it is this city, Jerez de la Frontera, that is meant. In former times, during the Muslim occupation of Iberia, it was called Xerez or Xeres. Frontera in its name refers to its location on the border between the Moorish and Christian regions of Spain during that period. The name of the famous fortified wine, sherry, which originated here, is a corruption of the city's Arabic name, Sherish.
[edit] Points of interest
The capital of sherry wine, the horse, and flamenco, Jerez, situated midway between the sea and the mountains, has a wealth of appealing tourist attractions, many of them related to the three preoccupations that made the city famous. A visitor will wish to see the famed vineyards, stop at a sherry bodega to see how the fortified wine is made, and taste the product as well. Jerez is the home of the Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art, a riding school comparable to the world-famous Spanish Riding School in Vienna, Austria. Jerez, the city where flamenco singing began, is also proud of its Andalusian Centre of Flamenco. There are two museums of note: the Jerez Archaeological Museum and the Atalaya Watch Museum (also known as "Palace of Time").
The old quarter of Jerez, dating from medieval times, has been named an "Artistic Historic Complex". The Easter week celebrations in Jerez are of "National Touristic Interest", and its remarkable Horse Fair (Feria del Caballo) in May is an event of "International Touristic Interest".
Jerez is the home of the Xerez Club Deportivo football team. It is also the site of the motorsport track, Circuito Permanente de Jerez, where the annual Motorcycling Grand Prix is contested. The race course is a prime destination for Formula One teams who wish to perform off-season testing; it also hosted the highly controversial 1997 European Grand Prix.
[edit] Resources
- University of Cádiz has a campus in Jerez
- Jerez Speedway.
- Jerez Internacional airport.
- Institución Ferial de Cádiz (IFECA).[1]
- Andalusian Flamenco Center: located at Pemartín Palace, it holds the cathedra of flamencologia (flamenco knowledge and sutdies).
[edit] Sherry
[edit] Origins
[edit] Making sherry
[edit] Impact on Jerezano culture
[edit] A devotion to the horse
[edit] The Andalusian horse
[edit] Maintaining the breeding stock
[edit] The annual horse fair
The next Horse Fair will be celebrated from 27 April to 4 May 2008.[2]
[edit] The Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art
[edit] The horse in bullfighting
[edit] Cultural impact of the horse in Jerez
[edit] The Flamenco
[edit] History of Jerez
[edit] Early history
Jerez was a small independent emirate created c. 1030 in what is now Spain after the fall of the Emirate of Córdoba. Some years later was united to Arcos by Aben Jairuan who ruled both c. 1040-1053. In 1053 it was annexed to Sevilla. From 1145 to 1147 the region of Arcos and Jerez was briefly an emirate under dependency of Granada, led by Aben Garrum.
[edit] The Middle Ages
[edit] The Jews of Jerez
It had a Jewish community with a separate Juderia as early as the time of the Moors. When Alfonso X., the Wise, conquered the city in Oct., 1264, he assigned houses and lands to the Jews. The Juderia, which was located near S. Cristobal street and extended along the city wall, included ninety-six houses, large and small, and had two synagogues and two "casas de la merced," institutions for aiding and housing the poor. Near one synagogue were the "casas del reab" (houses of the rabbi); Don Todros, father of Don Yuçaff, is mentioned as being the occupant in 1264. Near the other synagogue was the house of Rabbi Yuçaff. Upon the conquest of the city the following persons received houses by command of the king: Don Yehuda Mosca (as he is several times expressly called in the list drawn up in 1338), who made translations from Arabic into Spanish for the king; the "almoxarife" Don Mayr, or rather Mür de Malhea, and his son Çag (Isaac); Çimha (Simḥah) Xtaruçi, whose father lost his life and the whole of his large fortune during the rebellion of the city; Don Vellocid (Vellecid), "ballestero del rey a caballo"; Solomon Ballestero; and Axucuri Ballestero—the last three being in the king's army.
Among the richest and most influential Jews in Jerez were the following: Çag aben Açot, who was the representative of the community at the repartition of the taxes in 1290, and his relatives Judah aben Açot, Bonet aben Açot, Abraham aben Açot; likewise Samuel de Cadiz, Jacob Castellano, Çag aben Colmiel or Calamiel, Samuel Barrach, Levi de Faro, Abraham Saltos, Vellido de Castro, and Abraham de Carrion. The Jews of Jerez engaged in business. One Yuçaff Alcaçabi, who had laid in large quantities of salt pork in his houses and lost everything he possessed, because he had favored the Moors, did not receive the house which had first been assigned him. The Jews engaged in viticulture also, Jerez wine being the most valued wine of Spain. There were also tailors (Cedillo Alfayate is mentioned), rope-makers (Çag el Cordonnero), and shoemakers among them. The Jerez Jews, who in 1294 paid King D. Sancho IV. 5,000 maravedis in taxes, were freed by the king from the payment of tolls throughout the kingdom, and were assured of the same favor as was enjoyed by Christians and other inhabitants of the city—a privilege which was confirmed by Kings Fernando IV. and Alfonso XI. (December 30, 1332).
In the second half of the fifteenth century the Jews of Jerez suffered from the enmity of the Christian population. In 1459 the city council gave a portion of the Jewish cemetery to a Christian inhabitant; and in spite of the protests of Joseph de Paredes and Samuel Corcos, who represented the Israelite community, and regardless of their appeal to a decree of May 25, 1455, issued by Henry IV.,according to which the synagogues and Jewish cemeteries were not in any way to be violated, the council in March, 1460, granted another portion of the cemetery to a Christian who desired to build a house upon it. At the same time the following incident, related by Abraham Arama, took place in Jerez: Certain monks who applied to a rich Jew for alms, and received blows instead, desired to avenge themselves on the whole community. They accordingly exhumed the body of a baptized Jew that had been buried in the Christian cemetery, and took it to the Jewish burial-ground, hoping to create the impression that the act had been committed by the Jews. The affair came before the duke or the governor, who wished to have the king's opinion on the subject and to keep all the Jews in the city under arrest until the king's decision should arrive. The influential Judah ibn Verga of Seville exerted himself on behalf of the terrified Jews; and as the innocence of those who had been slandered was soon proved, two of the monks were burned at the stake, while the others, at the intercession of the people, were banished for life.
[edit] Modern history
[edit] Contemporary history
[edit] Economy
Jerez was traditionally a city centered on the vinícola industry, with exports from Jerez-Xérez-Sherry to the rest of the world. Debido a no contar con la estructura social de funcionariado que sí disfrutan otras ciudades, Jerez ha basado su economía en la industria. Además de la producción y comercialización de vino, también se cultivan frutas, cereales y hortalizas y se cría ganado vacuno y caballar.
[edit] Festivals
[edit] Jerezano Cuisine
[edit] Viniculture
Jerez is the origin of Sherry production.
[edit] Sights of historical or cultural interest
 Jerez, 1835 |
 Cathedral of Jerez de la Frontera. |
 Inside the cathedral. |
 Cathedral Jerez. |
 Alcazar. |
 The Alcazar at Jerez. |
 Façade of Cartuja de Nuestra Señora de la Defensión. |
 Sorroundings |
 Gate in the wall |
 Wall |
 Bodega and tower |
 Old town wall |
 Sherry monument |
 Palace window |
 Jerez at night |
 Jerez, Horse Fair |
 Jerez bus |
 Church |
 Zoo |
 Zoco, handcraft market |
[edit] Famous natives of Jerez
- Germán Álvarez Beigbeder
- Mercedes Chilla
- Kiko (footballer)
- Lola Flores
- José Mercé
- Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
- Gerardo Núñez
- Miguel Primo de Rivera
- Mala Rodriguez
- Dani Güiza
[edit] Mayors of Jerez
The mayors of Jerez since [3]:
- Julio González Hontoria (1905 –1907)
- Francisco de P. Velarde Beigbeder (1909)
- Juan Cortina de la Vega (1909)
- José M.a Fernández Gao (1909)
- Francisco Fernández del Castillo (1909)
- Conde de Puerto Hermoso (1910)
- Julio González Hontoria (1914)
- Pedro L. Lassaletta Crussoe (1915)
- Manuel Ant. de la Riva González (1916)
- Manuel Gutiérrez Quijano (1916)
- Julio González Hontoria (1916)
- Francisco Álvarez Antón (1917)
- Pedro Díaz López (1917)
- Marcelino Picardo Celis (1917)
- Pablo Porro Bermejo (1918)
- José García-Mier y Fdez. de los Ríos (1918)
- Diego Belarde Santisteban (1919)
- Dionisio García Pelayo y Cordoncillo (1920)
- Pedro Díaz López (1921)
- José González Pineda (1921)
- Dionisio García Pelayo y Cordoncillo (1923)
- Eduardo Freyre y García de Leaniz (1923)
- Marqués de Villamarta (1923)
- Federico de Isási y Dávila (1925)
- Enrique Rivera Pastor (1928)
- Juan J. Sánchez y Sánchez Balias (1930)
- Santiago Lozano Corralón (1930)
- Manuel Moreno Mendoza (1931)
- Francisco Germá Alsina (1931)
- Juan Narváez Ortega (1933)
- Manuel Diez Hidalgo (1935)
- Francisco Germá Alsina (1936)
- Antonio Oliver Villanueva (1936)
- Ramón García-Pelayo (1958)
- Tomás García Figueras (1958-1965)
- Miguel Primo de Rivera y Urquijo (1965-1971)
- Manuel Cantos Ropero (1971-1976)
- Jesús Mantaras García-Figueras (1976-1978)
- José Pérez Luna (1978)
- Juan Manuel Corchado Moreno (1978-1979)
- Jerónimo Martínez Beas (1979)
- Pedro Pacheco Herrera, PA/PSA (1979-2003)
- María José García-Pelayo Jurado, PP (2003-2005)
- Pilar Sánchez Muñoz, PSOE (2005-Today)
[edit] Demographics
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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182,660 |
183,677 | 185,091 | 187,087 | 191,002 | 192,648 | 196,275 | 199,544 | 202,687 |
Source: INE (Spain)
[edit] Sport
Jerez is present in de most important national competitions. The more important clubs in differen sport are:
- Xerez Club Deportivo: first football team in the city. Currenly plays in Liga BBVA (Segunda División) in Spain.
- Puma Chapín Jerez: It's one of the best athletim teams of Spain. It has been champion of Spain in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. It has been champion of the "Copa del Rey" ("King's Cup") many times.
- Club Natación Jerez: it has been champion of many championships, it has won the "Campeonato de España Master" ("Championship of Spain Master") many times.
- Canasta Unibasket Jerez: City's basketball team. In the next season, it will be for first time in a professional league, the LEB Bronce (Spanish's basketball's league of Bronze).
Jerez also has a race track called Circuito Permanente de Jerez in which every year is celebrated the GP of Jerez of Motorbikes.
[edit] Twin cities
[edit] See also
[edit] Bibliography
- Boletin Acad. Hist. x. 465 et seq., xii. 65 et seq.
- R. E. J. xv. 125 et seq., xvii. 138 et seq.
- Shebeṭ Yehudah, pp. 66 et seq.
[edit] References
- ^ Institución Ferial de Cádiz (IFECA) official site
- ^ Information and Accommodation in the town of Jerez de la Frontera in Andalucia, southern Spain
- ^ http://www.jerezsiempre.com/index.php?title=Categor%C3%ADa:Alcaldes List of all mayors of Jerez de la Frontera (in Spanish)
- This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.
[edit] External links
- Jerez de la Frontera in Commoms
- Ayuntamiento de Jerez
- Guide to Jerez. Site provides area information, directory, image gallery, reservations
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