Jeffersonian architecture
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Jeffersonian Architecture or Jeffersonian Colonial is an American form of Neo-Classicism or Neo-Palladian based on U.S. president and patriot, Thomas Jefferson's designs of his home, Monticello, his retreat at Poplar Forest, the University of Virginia, and his design of Barboursville for his friend and political ally James Barbour. The style was popular in the early American period about the same time period as the more mainstream Greek Revival architecture was in vogue (1790s-1830s). Most heavily influenced by the Italian revivalist architect, Andrea Palladio, Jeffersonian architecture is perhaps best described as "Palladian" in inspiration. Jefferson was also influenced by architect James Gibbs, and by French Neo-classical buildings, such as the Hôtel de Salm in Paris, when he served as Ambassador to France. While the Jeffersonian style incorporates Palladian proportions and themes, it is at the same time unique to Jefferson's own personal sensibility and the materials available to him in early republican Virginia.
One characteristic which typifies Jefferson's architecture is the use of the octagon and octagonal forms in his designs. Palladio never used octagons, but Jefferson employed them as a design motif -- halving them, elongating them, and employing them in whole as with the dome of Monticello, or the entire house at Poplar Forest.
Even after Jeffersonian Colonial went out of vogue for other public buildings, it continued to have an influence on many Protestant church designs on the East Coast through the mid-twentieth century. The style is still employed on some southern college campuses, particularly in Virginia, and has enjoyed a certain re-emergence among some newer twenty-first century evangelical church complexes.
[edit] Common design elements
- Palladian design e.g. central core, symmetrical wings
- Main floor slightly elevated above ground level
- Red brick construction
- White painted columns and trim
- Octagons and octagonal forms
- Chinese railings
- Columns using Greek orders e.g. Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
- Doric, Corinthian or Ionic order capitals
- Portico-and-pediment primary entries
- Classical moldings
