Jeffers Petroglyphs
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| Jeffers Petroglyphs Site | |
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| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
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| Nearest city: | Jeffers, Minnesota |
| Added to NRHP: | October 15, 1970 |
| NRHP Reference#: | 70000291 [1] |
| Governing body: | Minnesota Historical Society |
The Jeffers Petroglyphs site is an outcrop of rock in southwestern Minnesota with pre-contact Native American petroglyphs. The petroglyphs are pecked into rock of the Red Rock Ridge, a 23-mile (37 km)-long Sioux quartzite outcrop that extends from Watonwan County, Minnesota to Brown County, Minnesota. The exposed surface is approximately 150 feet (50 m) by 650 feet (200 m) and surrounded by virgin prairie. Several old wagon trail ruts traverse the site, one of which is believed to be the old stage coach route from New Ulm, Minnesota to Sioux Falls, South Dakota.[2]
The exact age of the petroglyphs is not known, but some atlatl symbols at Jeffers are a close match with similar symbols at Indian Knoll in Kentucky, which have been dated to 3000 BCE. These are probably the earliest petroglyphs at the site and indicate that the site was first visited during the Late Archaic Period. Another clue to the age comes from the projectile point carvings, which show a projectile point design used by hunters in the Late Archaic Period. Other carvings, such as thunderbirds, dragonflies, turtles, and shamans, are symbolic of later tribes such as the Otoe tribe, Sioux, and Iowa tribe. These are believed to date between 900 CE and 1750 CE.
Several archaeologists have hypothesized theories about the purpose of the carvings. Some hypotheses include the practice of hunting magic, performance of sacred ceremonies, or recording historical events in the lives of warriors, shamans, and chiefs. The exact age and purpose of the carvings is only speculation, not established fact. Meanwhile, some Native Americans view the Jeffers site as sacred ground and a very spiritual place, not merely a site to be studied and speculated upon. Jerry Flute, a Dakota elder, was quoted as saying, "To the contemporary Native Americans who reside in and around the state, [Jeffers Petroglyphs] is a very spiritual place. It is a place where Grandmother Earth speaks of the past, present and future."
The Minnesota Historical Society purchased the site from W. R. Jeffers, Jr. in 1966[2] and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is maintained by the Minnesota Historical Society and is open to the public between May and September. The site is bracketted by two important tracts of tallgrass prairie: Rock Ridge Prairie Scientific and Natural Area to the northwest[3] and Red Rock Prairie, a preserve of The Nature Conservancy, to the east. Here federally threated prairie bush clover is found, as well as big bluestem, Indian grass, gray-headed coneflower, Maximilian's sunflower, cordgrass and coreopsis. The Upland Sandpiper, Regal Fritillary and Powesheik Skipper can be found on these prairies.[4]
[edit] Notes
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2006-03-15).
- ^ a b Roefer
- ^ Rock Ridge Prairie SNA. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
- ^ Red Rock Prairie. The Nature Conservancy (2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
[edit] References
- Gardner, Denis P. (2004). Minnesota Treasures: Stories Behind the State's Historic Places. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. ISBN 0-87351-471-8.
- Roefer, Florence (1970). "Cottonwood County Petroglyphs", The Centennial History of Cottonwood County Minnesota 1970. Cottonwood County Historical Society, pp. 324-325.
[edit] External links
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