Portal:Japan/Anniversaries/February

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These are the selected anniversaries for February that appear on the Japan portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

February 1

February 1:

1614 - The missionary expulsion order is issued by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in a crackdown against Christianity. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-third Day of the Twelfth Month, 1613)
1895 - The first streetcar begins operation in Kyoto.
1899 - Telephone service begins between Tokyo and Osaka.
1911 - Regulations for postal special delivery are passed. Service begins on February 11.
1928 - Japanese Victor sells the first Western phonograph albums.
1942 - Rationing of clothing, miso and soy sauce begins.
1953 - NHK begins its first television broadcast. At the time there were only 866 viewers under contract. At a time when public officials made only 8,000 yen per year, televisions were prohibitively expensive at 150,000 yen. However, by 1958, 1,000,000 sets had been sold and by 1962 10,000,000 sets had been sold.
1954 - Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio visit Japan.
1960 - The first underground parking lot opens in Tokyo.

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February 2

February 2:

1873 - Sakura Juntendō establishes a hospital in Yushima.
1874 - A railway is constructed between Shinbashi and Kyōbashi.
1892 - The first beauty contest is held at the Ryōunkaku in Asakusa.
1920 - Buses in Tokyo begin using female bus guides.
1935 - At a meeting of women teachers in Osaka, it is suggested that women begin wearing western clothes, because of the increasing number of women entering the work force.
1942 - The Japan Women's Club]] is founded.
1972 - Yokoi Shōichi, a World War II soldier found living in the caves of Guam, returns to Japan.
1976 - NET, the precursor of TV Asahi, begins broadcasting.
1998 - Zip codes are expanded to 7 digits.

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February 3

February 3:

1607 - Sarugaku (a kind of circus-like performance) is held at Edo Castle. (Traditional Japanese Date: Seventh Day of the First Month, 1607)
1835 - Kunitomo Tōbē of Ōmi Province begins his scientific observation of sunspots. (Traditional Japanese Date: Sixth Day of the First Month, 1835)
1851 - John Manjirō returns to the Ryūkyū Islands (modern day Okinawa). (Traditional Japanese Date: Third Day of the First Month, 1851)
1875 - The first international shipping lane is opened between Yokohama and Shanghai.
1901 - Fukuzawa Yukichi, best known as the founder of Keiō University, dies.
1972 - The Eleventh Winter Olympics are held in Sapporo where Kasaya Yukio becomes the first Japanese ever to win a gold medal. Kasaya Yukio and two other from Japan won all three medals in the 70 meter jump, prompting people to refer to them as the "flying hinomaru."

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February 4

February 4:

1348 - Kusanoki Masatsura commits suicide at the battle of Shijōnawate. (Traditional Japanese Date: Fifth Day of the First Month, 1348)
1614 - Shimazu Iehisa of the Satsuma-han presents Japan's first gunship to the Shōgun (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-sixth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1613)
1801 - Inō Tadataka presents the Shōgun with Japan's first surveyed map. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-first Day of the Twelfth Month, 1800)
1860 - The ship Kanrin Maru leaves Shinagawa for the United States. (Traditional Japanese Date: Thirteenth Day of the First Month, 1860)
1869 - Lotteries are outlawed by the new Meiji government. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-third Day of the Twelfth Month, 1868)
1872 - Japan's first court of law, the Tokyo Court, is established. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-sixth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1871)
1959 - One tsubo of land in Ginza (approximately 3.3 square meters) sells for 1,560,000 yen (approximately $4,300 at the then applicable exchange rate or approximately $30,500 in today's money), becoming the most expensive land in Japan.
1966 - An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 crahes in Tokyo Bay, killing all 133 people on board.
1976 - It is disclosed in a Senate hearing that the Lockheed Corporation had bribed government officials in Japan in order to secure aircraft.

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February 5

February 5:

1348 - Emperor Go-Murakami of the Southern Court leaves Yoshino. (Traditional Japanese Date: Sixth Day of the First Month, 1348)
1597 - Toyotomi Hideyoshi arrests 26 Christians and sentences them to death. (Traditional Japanese Date: Nineteenth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1596)
1872 - The Meiji government announces the issuance of new paper money. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-seventh Day of the Twelfth Month, 1871)
1901 - Japan fires up the furnace at its first modern ironworks.
1905 - Japan's first bus line opens between Yokogawa and Kawabe in Hiroshima. However, due to opposition from horse carriage drivers, the service is abolished nine months later.
1920 - 24,000 strike at the Hachiman Ironworks.
1931 - Tōkyō Airline and Transport Co. holds the first ever examination for prospective stewardesses (referred to at the time as "air girls"). One hundred forty-one young women apply for only three open positions but later quit because of the low pay.
1936 - The Japan Occupational Baseball League is formed, launching professional baseball in Japan.
1987 - The X-ray satellite the Astro C is launched.

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February 6

February 6:

1897 - Construction of the Hachiman Ironworks begins.
1941 - Riot police begin removing steel towers erected by protesters at Narita Airport.
1956 - Shukan Shinchō becomes the first weekly magazine published by someone other than a newspaper publisher.
1989 - The children's book Totto-chan, the Little Girl at the Window is published in Arabic and becomes a big hit. It is later translated into Vietnamese and several other languages as well.
2000 - Japan's first female mayor, Ōta Fusae is elected in the wake of Mayor Yokoyama Nokku's resignation in connection with allegations of sexual harassment.

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February 7

February 7:

708 - After Empress Genmei is presented with the first pure copper mined in Japan (from the ancient province of Musashi, or present day Saitama Prefecture), she proclaims a new era called Wadō, which means "Japanese copper." (Traditional Japanese Date: Eleventh Day of the First Month, 708)
1369 - Ashikaga Yoshimitsu becomes Seii Taishōgun. (Traditional Japanese Date: Thirtieth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1368)
1855 - Japan signs a treaty of amity with Russia. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-first Day of the Twelfth Month, 1854)
1873 - The Meiji government outlaws the taking of personal revenge.
1899 - Keiō and Waseda become Japan's first private universities.
1927 - Emperor Taishō's funeral is held on this day.
1960 - Tokyo telephone exchange numbers are increased from 2 digits to 3 as the number of telephones surpasses 600,000.
1998 - The Eighteenth Winter Olympics begin in Nagano.

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February 8

February 8:

1567 - Ieyasu obtains permission from the court to change his surname from Matsudaira to Tokugawa. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-ninth Day of the Twelfth Month, 1566)
1882 - The Hokkaidō Development Agency is abolished.
1887 - Japan adopts the official postal mark (〒).
1958 - 9,500 people come to see the first western style carnival is held in Yūrakuchō, Tokyo.
1959 - The 6.1 km Kurobe Tunnel in the northern Japan Alps is completed, allowing work on the Kuroyon Power Plant to continue.
1982 - 33 people are killed and 29 are injured in the Hotel New Japan fire in Akasaka, Tokyo.
1983 - The average height of high school senior boys reaches 170 cm (5' 7").

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February 9

February 9:

1199 - Seii Taishōgun Minamoto Yoritomo dies at the age of 53. (Traditional Japanese Date: Thirteenth Day of the First Month, 1199)
1932 - Finance Minister Inoue Junnosuke is gunned down in Hongō, Tokyo.
1936 - Due to a gasoline shortage, coal and wood burning cars are manufactured.
1936 - Japan holds its first professional baseball game at the Narumi Baseball Stadium between the Tokyo Giants against the Golden Dolphins. The Golden Dolphins win 10 to 3.
1982 - A DC-8 on its way to Tokyo from Fukuoka crashes in Haneda Bay, killing 24 and injuring 150.
1987 - NTT goes public. Trading is halted the second day after reaching 1,600,000 yen per share.
1989 - Manga artist Tezuka Osamu, author of Astro Boy and Kimba the White Lion (alleged precursor to the Lion King), dies.

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February 10

February 10:

1653 - The Shōgunate orders the construction of the Tamagawa Waterworks. (Traditional Japanese Date: Thirteenth Day of the First Month, 1653)
1904 - The Russo-Japanese war begins.
1944 - Senda Koreya and Aoyma Sugisaku form the Haiyūza Theatrical Company.
1948 - The Socialist Party cabinet resigns due to a split between conservative and liberal factions within the party.
1976 - Honda begins selling a minibike for women called the Rattattaa.
1977 - A fishing treaty is signed between the United States and Japan.
1996 - The Toyohama tunnel collapses on a bus in Furubira-machi, Hokkaidō, killing 20 people.

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February 11

February 11:

1869 - Japan's first lighthouse is erected at Kannonsaki on the Miura peninsula. (Traditional Japanese Date: First Day of the First Month, 1869)
1889 - The Meiji Constitution is promulgated.
1913 - The first tombow pencils go on sale.
1970 - The Tokyo University Space and Astronautical Research Center launches Japan's first (the world's fourth) man made satellite "Ōsumi."
1981 - Ichikawa Fusae, the chair of the League of Women Voters of Japan and champion of women's rights, dies.

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February 12

February 12:

754 - Buddhist priest Ganjin arrives from China. (Traditional Japanese Date: Sixteenth Day of the First Month, 754)
890 - The Buddhist monk Henjō dies. Henjō was famous for the following poem from the Hyakunin Isshu:

Oh stormy winds, bring up the clouds
And paint the heavens grey;
Lest these fair maids of form divine
Should angel wings display,
And fly far far away.

(Traditional Japanese Date: Nineteenth Day of the First Month, 890)

1868 - Okubo Toshimichi proposes to the new Meiji government that the emperor be relocated to Osaka. (Traditional Japanese Date: Nineteenth Day of the First Month, 1868)
1921 - Members of the Ōmotokyō religious sect (a form of Shintoism) are arrested in the first of two crackdowns against the religion.
1949 - The Tokyo Stock Exchange is founded. The Osaka Stock Exchange is founded three days later on February 15, 1949.
1984 - Uemura Naomi completes a winter solo climb to the top of Mt. McKinley. However, he disappeared on the climb down and was never heard from again.

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February 13

February 13:

1219 - The third shōgun of the Kamakura period, Minamoto Sanetomo, is assassinated. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-seventh Day of the First Month, 1219)
1854 - Commodore Matthew Perry returns to Japan. (Traditional Japanese Date: Sixteenth Day of the First Month, 1854)
1862 - Andō Nobumasa is attacked by former Mito samurai in the Sakashita Gate Incident. (Traditional Japanese Date: Fifteenth Day of the First Month, 1862)
1867 - Emperor Meiji accedes to the throne at the age of 16. (Traditional Japanese Date: Ninth Day of the First Month, 1867)
1899 - The income tax law is promulgated.
1951 - The Local Public Service Law is enacted.
1985 - In an effort to bolster public morals, a new law is passed which expanded the number and kinds of businesses subject to the public morality law, including game centers.
1989 - Chairman Hiromasa Ezoe and three others are arrested in connection with the Recruit scandal.
1995 - Nomo Hideo announces that he has signed with the L.A. Dodgers.

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February 14

February 14:

1917 - A magazine for housewives, Shufu no Tomo, goes on sale for the first time. By 1941 it reached a circulation of 1,800,000.
1945 - Japan sets a record for the most snowfall with 785 centimeters of accumulation at Morimiyanohara Station in Nagano Prefecture.
1973 - The yen is allowed to trade freely against the dollar. Trading opens that 277 yen to the dollar after having been fixed at 308 yen to the dollar just the day before.
1992 - Sagawa Kyūbin's former president, Watanabe Hiroyasu, is arrested with 3 others in the Sagawa Kyūbin scandal.
1996 - Han'yū Yoshiharu becomes the first person to win seven straight crowns in Shōgi (Japanese chess.)

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February 15

February 15:

1867 - A Tokugawa entourage attends the International Expo in Paris. (Japanese Date: Eleventh Day of the First Month, 1867)
1877 - Saigō Takamori departs Kagoshima, marking the beginning of the Satsuma Rebellion.
1916 - Japan's first school swimming pool opens at a junior high school in Osaka.
1925 - The Japan Ski Federation is formed.
1981 - The Nichigeki Dancing Team holds its last performance.
1984 - Kuroyanagi Tetsuko ("Totto chan") becomes a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF.
1987 - The International Whaling Commission calls upon Japan to halt all whaling.

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February 16

February 16:

1665 - Lightning strikes Osaka Castle, burning the castle tower to the ground. (Traditional Japanese Date: Second Day of the First Month, 1665)
1872 - The first military review of the army by the emperor is held. (Traditional Japanese Date: Eighth Day of the First Month, 1872)
1932 - The number of radio listeners reaches 1,000,000 after just seven years of domestic broadcasting.
1945 - America begins its bombing campaign of Tokyo and the Kantō region.
1946 - The Soviet Union announces its occupation of Karafuto and Chishima Islands (the Kurile Islands north of Hokkaidō).
1959 - Japan begins minting 100 yen, 50 yen and 10 yen coins.
1976 - Public hearings in connection with the Lockheed scandal begin. Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd.'s Osano Kenji testifies and starts a fad of responding to questions with "I have no recollection."
1977 - Restrictions on the export of textiles to the United States are lifted.
1981 - The Provisional Commission for Administrative Reform is established and Dokō Toshio is appointed chairman.

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February 17

February 17:

1592 - Toyotomi Hideyoshi orders up his troops for an invasion of Korea. (Traditional Japanese Date: Fifth Day of the First Month, 1592)
1904 - First performance of Madame Butterfly.
1906 - The Bungei Kyōkai (Literary Society) is formed by Tsubouchi Shōyō and Shimamura Hōgetsu, and Ōsumi Shigenobu is appointed as its head. Three years later a drama research institute for the training of actors is formed, and in May 1911, graduates of the research institute stage their first performance of Hamlet at the Imperial Theater.
1937 - A failed plot is exposed by a group of five would-be Nichiren martyrs, known as the Shinau Dan (the "Let's die Group"), who were planning to commit ritualistic suicide in front of the Imperial Palace and the Diet.
1970 - The Sanrizuka Boys Action Squad is formed to protest the construction of Narita Airport.
1972 - Japanese Red Army leader Nagata Yōko and others are arrested in Gunma Prefecture and it is discovered that they were responsible for over 14 lynchings.
1977 - The Mito District Court rules that the Japan Self Defense Forces are constitutional.
1978 - Bob Dylan visits Japan for the first time.

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February 18

February 18:

661 - Empress Saimei travels to the Dōgo Hot Springs. (Traditional Japanese Date: Fourteenth Day of the First Month, 661)
1772 - Tanuma Okitsugu is appointed Elder Councilor. (Traditional Japanese Date: Fifteenth Day of the First Month, 1772)
1904 - An anti-smoking campaign starts and smoking is prohibited on Tokyo's city trains.
1935 - Minobe Tatsukichi's theory that the emperor is merely a legal figure that exercises power on behalf of the nation in whom sovereignty resides comes under attack in the upper house.
1938 - The Ministry of the Interior issues an order that prohibits the publication, scheduled for the next day, of the March issue of Chūō Kōron. Publication is prohibited because of its inclusion of a novel written by Ishikawa Tatsuzō, based on his experiences in Shanghai, entitled "Living Soldier". The story was considered anti-military.
1950 - Sapporo's first annual Snow Festival takes place.

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February 19

February 19:

1821 - The Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine in Kamakura burns down. (Traditional Japanese Date: Seventeenth Day of the First Month, 1821)
1907 - The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department implements driving regulations that require the registration of automobiles and the licensing of drivers and sets a speed limit of 13 km per hour. The number of automobiles registered during the first year was a mere 16.
1946 - Emperor Shōwa begins his tour of the nation following Japan's surrender in the fall of the previous year.
1954 - Rikidōzan and Kimuragumi battle the Sharp Brothers at the Kuramae National Stadium in Japan's first pro wrestling match.
1972 - Five members of the Japanese Red Army take a hostage in the mountain resort of Karuizawa.

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February 20

February 20:

668 - Prince Naka no Ōe accedes to the throne as Emperor Tenji. (Traditional Japanese Date: Third Day of the First Month, 668)
1582 - Itō Mansho's entourage leaves for Rome. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-eighth Day of the First Month, 1582)
1923 - The Maru Building, at the time the largest office building in Asia, was completed on this date after 25 months of construction. It was located in front of Tokyo Station in Marunouchi and was only nine stories high with one underground level. It was built at a total cost of 11 million yen. The ground floor consisted of a number of book stores and the second through the ninth floor was filled with over 350 tenants.
1928 - Japan's first public election was held on this day. Voting was limited to males 25 or older.
1933 - Kobayashi Takiji, author of such proletariat novels as Kani Kōsen (The Floating Crab Cannery), is arrested, tortured and brutally murdered at the Tsukiji police station.
1968 - Korean resident of Japan Kim Hiro shoots and kills two yakuza gangsters in Shimizu and then takes 20 hostages at the Sumatakyō hot spring resort the next day. He spends the next several days using the media to complain about the treatment of Koreans in Japan until his arrest on the 24th.
1977 - A record 10,710 runners participate in Tokyo's Ōme Marathon.
1985 - The Council on National Language (国語審議会, Council on National Language^?) promulgates its reforms on modern kana usage.

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February 21

February 21:

1892 - Japan's first daily newspaper, the Tōkyō Nichinichi Shinbun (modern day Mainichi Shinbun) is established.
1911 - One of Japan's most well-known authors, Natsume Sōseki, sends a letter to the Ministry of Education, refusing the title of professor of literature. He explains that he just wants to go on living his life as "Natsume so-and-so."
1946 - The Metropolitan Police Department begins recruiting women.
1961 - Japanese actor Akagi Keiichirō dies in an automobile accident. The accident happened while he was working as a stand-in for Ishihara Yūjirō, and Takahashi Hideki was chosen as Ishihara's new stand-in actor.
1979 - Japan's first x-ray astronomy satellite, the Hakuchō, is launched successfully.

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February 22

February 22:

1875 - The public viewing of civil trials is allowed.
1950 - Restrictions on the purchase and sale of milk are lifted.
1971 - The New Tokyo International Airport Authority implements its first power of administrative subrogation in Narita, leading to clashes between the police and the airport opposition alliance.
1973 - Ōkubo Kiyoshi is sentenced to death for the kidnap and murder of 8 women.
1989 - Japan's largest Yayoi period fortified settlement is discovered at Yoshinogari in Saga Prefecture.
1989 - Sakamoto Ryūichi wins the Grammy for best original motion picture soundtrack.

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February 23

February 23:

1929 - The "preaching burglar", Tsumatsu Matsukichi, is arrested in Tokyo for a series of robberies where he would enter someone's home, rob them and then scold them about crime prevention and the importance of locking doors.
1949 - Shōriki Matsutarō becomes Japan's first baseball commissioner.
1957 - Prime Minister Ishibashi Tanzan resigns as prime minister due to health reasons.
1977 - Japan successfully launches its first stationary satellite, the Kiku 2.
1981 - Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit Japan.
1990 - Japan fails in an attempt to launch an NHK broadcast satellite (the BSX) and a private communications satellite (the Superbird B) on an Ariane 44L rocket.

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February 24

February 24:

1873 - The Meiji government lifts the ban on Christianity.
1898 - Japan experiences its first railway strike, shutting down trains between Ueno and Aomori.
1906 - Japan's first socialist party, The Japan Socialist Party, holds its first party meeting.
1933 - Japan quits the League of Nations.
1957 - A flight path crossing the north pole is opened and the first plane to make the flight leaves Haneda Airport destined for Copenhagen.
1973 - Three hundred sixty years of copper mining history come to a close with the closing of the Ashio Copper Mine.
1989 - Dignitaries from 163 nations come to Japan to pay their respects at Emperor Shōwa's funeral.

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February 25

February 25:

1902 - Tokyo Gas Co. gets an exclusive license to begin selling gas powered rice cookers. It is around this time that gas begins to be used for heating in addition to lighting.
1947 - One hundred eighty four people are killed when a train on the Hachikō Line in Saitama jumps the tracks.
1969 - The Fuji Evening News (Yūkan Fuji) is launched.
1974 - The Budget Committee of the Lower House holds a hearing on consumer prices.
1983 - Sakai City in Osaka passes the nation's first ethics regulations.

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February 26

February 26:

1911 - Okamoto Taro is born. Okamoto is one of Japan's most famous avant-garde artists and is responsible for such works as the Tower of the Sun that was built for the Osaka World Expo in 1970, and he designed the medals for the Munich Olympics in 1972.
1936 - An uprising by junior military officers stage a revolt against the government known as the February 26 Incident.
1951 - Japan's first blood bank is established in Osaka.
1964 - Japan's first "train jumper" commits suicide using a shinkansen or bullet train that was undergoing a test run.
1968 - A fight breaks out with the police at a "Stop the Narita Airport" meeting.
1980 - The Maritime Self Defense Force participates in the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) for the first time.
1990 - The Nikkei falls more than 4% in one day.

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February 27

February 27:

1870 - The rising sun design of Japan's national flag, initially established for use on merchant ships, is announced. (Traditional Japanese Date: Twenty-seventh Day of the First Month, 1870)
1933 - British playwright Bernard Shaw visits Japan.
1936 - Tokyo establishes martial law.
1949 - Arsonists set fire to Matsuyama Castle.
1950 - The authority to grant the Sumō title of Yokozuna, or Grand Master, is transferred from the Yoshida family to the newly established Yokozuna Promotion Council.
1955 - NHK begins same-day election coverage with coverage of the Lower House elections.
1966 - The first "Consumer Price Mayday" is held with women holding placards saying things like "prices are so high I can't get married." According to 1965 statistics, the average salary of businessmen was 23,200 yen per month, the average total savings was 138,000 yen and leisure expenses cost an average of 3,000 yen per month.
1985 - Former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is hospitalized for a stroke.

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February 28

February 28:

1754 - Yamawaki Tōyō becomes the first Japanese to perform experiments on people. (Traditional Japanese Date: Seventh Day of the Second Month, 1754)
1952 - The U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement is signed.
1953 - During a meeting of the Budget Committee of the Lower House, Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru responds to a question by Socialist Party member Nishimura Eiichi by yelling "bakayarō! (idiot!)". The prime minister later loses a vote of confidence on March 14 in what has come to be referred to as the bakayarō dissolution.
1957 - Japan's South Pole expeditionary ship the Sōya gets stuck in ice and is later rescued by a Russian ice cutter.
1964 - Fujiko Fujio's Obake no Q-tarō begins its run in the Weekly Sunday.
1972 - Police storm the Asama Mountain Resort where five members of the Japanese Red Army have taken a hostage. Two policemen are killed and 13 people are injured.
1982 - Okamoto Ayako wins the LPGA Arizona Copper Classic, the first Japanese woman to win the LPGA since Higuchi Hisako's win in 1977.

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