Japanese Communist Party

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日本共産党
Nihon Kyōsan-tō
Japanese Communist Party
Japanese Communist Party Logo
President Kazuo Shii
Secretary General Tadayoshi Ichida
Councilors Leader
Representatives Leader
Founded 1922
Headquarters 4-26-7 Sendagaya
Shibuya-ku
Tokyo 151-8586
Japan
Political ideology Communism
Elements of Eurocommunism
International affiliation Unknown
Color(s) Red
Number of Councilors 7
Number of Representatives 9
Website Japanese Communist Party (in Japanese)

The Japanese Communist Party (JCP) (Japanese" 日本共産党, Nihon Kyōsan-tō) is a political party in Japan.

The JCP advocates the abolition of capitalism and the establishment of a society based on socialism, democracy and peace, and opposition to militarism. It proposes to achieve these objectives by working within the framework of capitalism in order to achieve its goals, while still struggling against what it describes as "imperialism and its subordinate ally, monopoly capital." Although it is a Leninist party, the JCP does not advocate socialist revolution; it proposes a "democratic revolution" to achieve "democratic change in politics and the economy," and "the complete restoration of Japan's national sovereignty", which it sees as infringed by Japan's security alliance with the United States.

The JCP is one of the largest non-ruling communist parties in the world, with about 400,000 members belonging to 25,000 branches. In the wake of the Sino-Soviet split the party began to distance itself from the Socialist Bloc, especially towards the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the JCP released a press statement titled, "We welcome the end of great historical evil of imperialism and hegemonism" ("大国主義・覇権主義の歴史的巨悪の党の終焉を歓迎する"), while at the same time criticizing Eastern European countries for abandoning socialism, describing it, "reversal of history".

Consequently, the party has not suffered an internal crisis as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, nor has it considered disbanding or changing its name or fundamental objectives, as many other Communist parties have done. Its electoral strength, however, is declining. It polled 11.3% of the vote in 2000, 8.2% in 2003 and 7.3% at the September 2005 election. This still means that the JCP polled nearly 5 million votes. At the July 2007 elections for the House of Councillors it received 7.5%.

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[edit] History

The JCP was founded on July 15, 1922, as an underground political association. Outlawed at once under the Peace Preservation Law, the JCP was subjected to repression and persecution by the military and police of Imperial Japan. It was the only political party in Japan that opposed Japan's involvement in World War II. The party was legalised during the U.S. occupation of Japan in 1945, and since then has been a legal political party able to contest elections. The party did not take sides during the Sino-Soviet split of the 1960s. It reached the peak of its electoral strength in the 1970s.

In the mid 1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 120 000 (0.2% of the working age population).[1]

The JCP has maintained its position partly because of the collapse of the old Japan Socialist Party, once the country's main opposition party but now (2005) reduced to 5.5% of the vote. The new major opposition party, the Democratic Party of Japan, differs in its policies only slightly from the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party, leaving left-wing voters with no other choice than the JCP. The JCP has also been helped by recent reforms to the Japanese electoral system. It is unable to win any single-member constituencies, but retains its representation by winning some of the proportional representation seats.

Lam Peng Er argued in Pacific Affairs in 1996 that "the JCP's viability is crucial to the health of Japanese democracy." This, he says, is because: "It is the only established party in parliament that has not been coopted by the conservative parties. It performs the watchdog role against the ruling parties without fear or favor. More importantly, the JCP often offers the only opposition candidate in prefectural governorship, city mayoral and other local elections. Despite the ostensible differences between the non-Communist parties at the national level, they often support a joint candidate for governor or mayor so that all parties are assured of being part of the ruling coalition. If the JCP did not offer a candidate, there would be a walkover and Japanese voters would be offered a fait accompli without an electoral avenue of protest. Promoting women candidates in elections to win women's votes is another characteristic of the party. More women are elected under the Communist label than other political parties in Japan."

[edit] Policies

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One of the JCP's main objectives is terminating the Japan-U.S. military alliance and the dismantling of all U.S. military bases in Japan. It wants to make Japan a non-aligned and neutral country, in accordance with its principles of self-determination and national sovereignty. (In Japan there are about 130 U.S. military bases and other related facilities, Okinawa having the largest U.S. military base in Asia).

With regards to Japan's own military forces, the JCP's current policy is that it is not principally opposed to its existence (in 2000 it decided that it will agree to its use should Japan ever get attacked), but that it will seek to abolish it in the long term, international situation permitting.

The JCP also opposes possession of nuclear weapons by any country or the concept of military blocs, and opposes any attempt to revise Article 9 of the Constitution of Japan, which says that "never again …... [Japan] be visited with the horrors of war through the action of government". Regarding the resolution of disputes, it argues that priority must be given to peaceful means through negotiations, not to military solutions. The JCP says that Japan must adhere to the U.N. Charter.

The JCP adheres to the idea that Japan as an Asian country must stop putting emphasis on diplomacy centering on relations with the United States and the G8 Summit, and put Asian diplomacy at the center of its foreign relations. It supports Japan establishing an "independent foreign policy in the interests of the Japanese people," and rejects "uncritically following any foreign power."

The JCP advocates that Japan issue further apologies for its actions during World War II. In the 1930s, while the JCP was still illegal, it was the only political party to actively oppose Japan's war with China and the Second World War.

The JCP has traditionally been opposed to the existence of the Imperial House since the pre-war days. Today, while it acknowledges the Emperor as Japan's head of state as long as he remains a figurehead, it opposes the Imperial family's current involvement in official functions; JCP politicians currently refuse to attend the opening ceremony of the Japanese Diet (Parliament) because the Emperor is present. JCP has stated that if the party comes to power, it will seek to abolish the imperial system as long as it has the "consensus of the people"; it is also against Japan's use of its national flag and national anthem which it sees as a relic of Japan's militarist past.

The JCP also strives to change the nation's economic policy of what it sees as serving the interests of large corporations and banks to one of "defending the interests of the people," and to establish "democratic rules" that will check the activities of large corporations and "protect the lives and basic rights of the people."

Regarding the issue of the international economy, the JCP has advocated establishing a new international democratic economic order on the basis of respect for the economic sovereignty of each country. The JCP sees the United States, transnational corporations and international financial capital as pushing globalization, which, it says, is seriously affecting the global economy, including the monetary and financial problems, as well as North-South and environmental problems. The JCP advocates "democratic regulation of activities by transnational corporations and international financial capital on an international scale."

The JCP is often criticized by nationalist groups: this truck, operated by the Dai-Nippon Patriot Party, carries the message "Knock Out the Communist Party!"
The JCP is often criticized by nationalist groups: this truck, operated by the Dai-Nippon Patriot Party, carries the message "Knock Out the Communist Party!"

The JCP stance on international terrorism is that only by "encircling the forces of terror through strong international solidarity with the United Nations at the center" can terrorism be eliminated. It argues that waging war as a response to terrorism "produces a rift and contradictions in international solidarity, which instead expands the breeding ground of terrorism."

[edit] Affiliated Organisations

[edit] References

  1. ^ Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development, in The American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 122.

[edit] External links

[edit] See also

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