Japan Prize

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Japan Prize (日本国際賞) is awarded to people from all parts of the world whose "original and outstanding achievements in science and technology are recognized as having advanced the frontiers of knowledge and served the cause of peace and prosperity for mankind."

1 Explanation
2 Laureates
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] Explanation

It is presented by The Science and Technology Foundation of Japan. The prize consists of a certificate, a commemorative medal and a cash award of approximately 50 million yen (about USD$450,000). Only living individuals may be nominated for the prize.

[edit] Laureates

Year	Name	Nationality	Citation
2008	Vinton Gray Cerf Robert E. Kahn	United States United States	for the creation of network architecture and communication protocol for the Internet.
2008	Victor A. McKusick	United States	for the establishment of medical genetics and contributions to its development.
2007	Albert Fert Peter Grünberg	France Germany	for the discovery of Giant Magneto-Resistance (GMR) and its contribution to development of innovative spin-electronics devices.
2007	Peter Shaw Ashton	United Kingdom	for contributions to the conservation of tropical forest.
2006	John Houghton	United Kingdom	for pioneering research on atmospheric structure and composition based on his satellite observation technology and for promotion of international assessments of climate change.
2006	Akira Endo	Japan	for the discovery of the Statins and their development.
2005	Makoto Nagao	Japan	for pioneering contributions to Natural Language Processing and Intelligent Image Processing.
2005	Masatoshi Takeichi Erkki Ruoslahti	Japan United States	for fundamental contribution in elucidating the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Adhesion.
2004	Kenichi Honda Akira Fujishima	Japan Japan	for pioneering work on photochemical catalysis and its application for the environment.
	Keith J. Sainsbury	New Zealand	for contributions to the understanding of shelf ecosystems and their sustainable utilization.
	John H. Lawton	United Kingdom	for observational, experimental and theoretical achievements for the scientific understanding and conservation of Biodiversity.
2003	Benoît Mandelbrot James A. Yorke	United States United States	for the creation of universal concepts in complex systems - Chaos and Fractals.
2003	Seiji Ogawa	Japan	for the discovery of the principle for functional magnetic resonance imaging.
2002	Tim Berners-Lee	United Kingdom	for advancement of civilization through invention, implementation and deployment of the World Wide Web.
2002	Anne McLaren Andrzej K. Tarkowski	United Kingdom Poland	for pioneering work on mammalian embryonic development.
2001	John B. Goodenough	United States	for the discovery of environmentally benign electrode materials for high energy density rechargeable lithium batteries.
2001	Timothy R. Parsons	Canada	for the contributions to the development of Biological/Fisheries Oceanography and for conservation of fishery resources and marine environment.
2000	Ian L. McHarg	United States	for the establishment of an ecological City Planning Process and a proposal of a Land Use Evaluation System.
2000	Kimishige Ishizaka	Japan	for the discovery of Immunoglobulin E and mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergic reactions.
1999	W. Wesley Peterson	United States	for the establishment of coding theory for reliable digital communication, broadcasting and storage.
1999	Jack L. Strominger Don C. Wiley	United States United States	for the elucidation of the three dimensional structures of class I and class II human histocompatibility antigens and their bound peptides.
1998	Leo Esaki	United States	for the creation and realization of the concept of man-made superlattice crystals which lead to generation of new materials with useful applications.
1998	Jozef S. Schell Marc C. E. Van Montagu	Belgium Belgium	for the establishment of the theory and method of the production of transgenic plants.
1997	Takashi Sugimura Bruce N. Ames	Japan United States	for the contribution to establishment of fundamental concept on causes of cancer.
1997	Joseph F. Engelberger Hiroyuki Yoshikawa	United States Japan	fort he establishment of the Robot Industry and Creation of a Techno-Global Paradigm.
1996	Charles K. Kao	United States	for pioneering research on wide-band, low-loss optical fiber communications.
1996	Masao Ito	Japan	for the elucidation of the functional principles and neural mechanisms of the cerebellum.
1995	Nick Holonyak, Jr.	United States	for outstanding contributions to research and practical applications of light emitting diodes and lasers through pioneering achievements in the understanding of physical principles and in the process technology of intermetallic compound semiconductors.
1995	Edward F. Knipling	United States	for pioneering contributions in the development of Integrated Pest Management by the Sterile Insect Release Method and other biological approaches.
1994	William Hayward Pickering	United States	for inspirational leadership in unmanned lunar and planetary exploration, and for pioneering achievements in the development of spacecraft and deep space communications.
1994	Arvid Carlsson	Sweden	for the discovery of dopamine as a neurotransmitter and clarification of its role in mental and motor functions and their disorders.
1993	Frank Press	United States	for the development of modern seismology and advancement of international cooperation in disaster science.
1993	Kary B. Mullis	United States	for the development of the polymerase chain reaction.
1992	Gerhard Ertl	Germany	for the contributions to the new development of the chemistry and physics of solid surfaces.
1992	Ernest John Christopher Polge	United Kingdom	for the discovery of a method of the cryopreservation of semen and embryos in farm animals.
1991	Jacques-Louis Lions	France	for the contributions to analysis and control of distributed systems, and to promotion of applied analysis.
1991	John Julian Wild	United States	for the development of ultrasound imaging in medicine.
1990	Marvin Minsky	United States	for the establishment of an academic field named Artificial Intelligence and the proposal of fundamental theories in that field.
1990	William Jason Morgan Dan McKenzie Xavier Le Pichon	United States United Kingdom France	for the initiation of the theory of plate tectonics and contributions to its development.
1989	Frank Sherwood Rowland	United States	for the studies on the mechanisms of stratospheric ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons.
1989	Elias James Corey	United States	for the pioneering contributions to the syntheses of prostaglandins and their related compounds which are of great therapeutic value.
1988	Georges Vendryes	France	for the establishment of fast breeder reactor technology.
	Donald Henderson Isao Arita Frank Fenner	United States Japan Australia	for the eradication of Smallpox.
	Luc Montagnier Robert C. Gallo	France United States	for the discovery of the AIDS causing virus and development of diagnostic methods.
1987	Henry M. Beachell Gurdev S. Khush	United States India	for the development of the IR8 and IR36 strains for rice breeding strategies geared to the tropical and subtropical zones.
1987	Theodore H. Maiman	United States	for the realization of the world's first laser.
1986	David Turnbull	United States	for pioneering contributions to materials science with impact on new materials technology such as amorphous solids.
1986	Willem J. Kolff	Netherlands	for research and development of artificial organs and their relevant technology.
1985	John R. Pierce	United States	for outstanding achievement in the field of electronics and communications technologies.
1985	Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir	Israel	for outstanding achievement in basic theory in the field of immobilized enzymes and their practical applications.