James Wilson (Irish Nationalist)
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James Wilson (February 6, 1836–November 1921) was a Fenian who was transported as a convict to Western Australia.
Born James McNally in Newry, County Down, Ireland on February 6, 1836, little is known of his early life. He apparently joined the British Army at the age of 17 (enlisting under a false name) to avoid arrest for the battery of a police officer.
He served in India before returning to Ireland where he became a Fenian, being sworn into the Irish Republican Brotherhood in 1864. The following year he deserted, along with Martin Hogan, from the British Army in anticipation of an expected Fenian uprising.
On February 10, 1866 he was arrested by the police who discovered him hiding in a safe house in Dublin. They were betrayed by an informant, Patrick Curran.
Wilson, along with other military Fenians were tried, found guilty of desertion and mutinous conduct, and sentenced to death. However, this sentence was later commuted to penal servitude for life, and they were transported to Western Australia. In October 1867, Wilson and six other Fenians began the long sea voyage on board the Hougoumont to Australia. None of them would see Ireland again.
Life in Fremantle was hard. Wilson had been sentenced to penal servitude, and found the monotony and work involved so hard to bear that he wrote to a New York journalist, John Devoy entitling his letter, A Voice From the Tomb after having been in jail for some nine years.
Devoy was moved enough by Wilson's description of the conditions under which he and his colleagues laboured to begin collecting money amongst the American-Irish community to organise their rescue. Enough money was collected and a whaling ship, the Catalpa, was purchased and George Anthony was hired to captain the ship.
In 1876, the Catalpa sailed to Western Australia and rescued Wilson and five other Fenian prisoners. Initially the Royal Navy sought to halt the progress of the Catalpa and recapture the men, but after being fired upon once, Anthony raised the American flag. After this, the British did not fire upon them again and the ship sailed unimpeded to New York, the journey taking some four months.
Wilson settled in Rhode Island, where he got married and lived out the rest of his life. In 1920, Wilson met with Eamon de Valera who was touring the United States, trying to gain support for his Irish Republic. Wilson died in November 1921.
