James Shaw Kennedy
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General Sir James Shaw Kennedy KCB (1788 - 1865) was a British soldier and military writer
Shaw Kennedy was the son of Captain John Shaw, of Dalton, Kirkcudbrightshire. Commissioned into the 43rd (Monmouthshire) Light Infantry in 1805, he first saw service in the Copenhagen Expedition of 1807 as a lieutenant, and under Sir David Baird took part in the Corunna Campaign. In the retreat, Shaw contracted a fever, from which he never fully recovered. The 43rd was again engaged in the Douro and Talavera Campaigns, and Shaw became adjutant of his now famous regiment at the Battle of Talavera.
As Robert Craufurd's aide-de-camp, he was on the staff of the Light Division at the Coa and the Agueda, and with another officer prepared and edited the Standing Orders of the Light Division (printed in Home's Précis of Modern Tactics, pp. 257-277). He was wounded at Almeida in 1810, but rejoined Craufurd at the end of 1811 and was with his chief at the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812. At the great assault of January 10, Shaw carried his general, mortally wounded, from the glacis. At Badajoz, now once more with the 43rd, he displayed, at the lesser breach, a gallantry which furnished his brother officer William Napier with the theme of one of his most glorious descriptive passages (Peninsular War, bk. xvi. ch. .v.).
At the siege and the Battle of Salamanca, in the retreat from Burgos, Shaw, still a subaltern, distinguished himself again and again, but he had to return to England at the end of the year, broken in health. Once more in active service in 1815, as one of Charles Alten's staff officers, Captain Shaw, by his reconnoitering skill and tactical judgment, was of the greatest assistance to Alten and to Wellington, who promoted him Brevet Major in July, and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel in 1819.
During the occupation of France by the allied army, Shaw was commandant of Calais, and on his return to England, was employed as a staff officer in the north. In this capacity, he was called upon to deal with the Manchester riots of 1819. In 1820, he married, and in 1834, on succeeding, in right of his wife, to the estate of Kirkmichael, he took the name of Kennedy.
Two years later, Colonel Shaw-Kennedy was entrusted with the organization of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), which he raised and trained according to his own ideas. He remained inspector-general of the RIC for two years. Afterwards, he led a retired country life for ten years. In 1848, during the Chartist movements, he was suddenly called upon to command at Liverpool, and soon afterwards was offered successively a command in Ireland and the governorship of Mauritius. Ill-health compelled him to decline these, as well as the Scottish command a little later. For the rest of his life, he was practically an invalid. In 1854 he became Colonel of the 47th Foot. He was promoted to full general in 1862 and was made L.C.B. a year later. In 1859, at the time of the Orsini case, he published a remarkable essay on The Defence of Great Britain and Ireland, and in 1865, his famous Notes on Waterloo, appended to which was a Plan for the defence of Canada. He died the same year.
See the autobiographical notice in Notes on Waterloo, also the regimental history of the 43rd and Napier, passim.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
