James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury
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James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury GCB, PC (25 March 1807 – 17 May 1889), known as Viscount FitzHarris from 1820 to 1841, was a British statesman of the Victorian era.
The eldest son of James Edward Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, he was educated at Eton and Oriel College, Oxford. He spent several years travelling and making acquaintance with famous people, including the future Napoleon III of France. In 1841 he had only just been elected to the House of Commons for Wilton as a Conservative, when his father died and he succeeded to the peerage. Malmesbury served as Foreign Secretary under the Earl of Derby in 1852 and again from 1858 to 1859 and was also Lord Privy Seal under Derby and Benjamin Disraeli between 1866 and 1868 and under Disraeli between 1874 and 1876. In 1852 he was admitted to the Privy Council. He was regarded as an influential Tory of the old school in the House of Lords at a time when Lord Derby and Disraeli were, in their different ways, moulding the Conservatism of the period.
In his two brief terms as foreign secretary, Malmesbury pursued a cautious, Conservative policy. His friendship with the exiled Louis Napoleon helped lead to quick British acquiescence in the Prince-President's decision to restore the Empire in 1852, but did not prevent Malmesbury from pursuing a policy relatively sympathetic to Austria during the crisis leading up to the Italian War of 1859. Malmesbury was particularly horrified by the behavior of Cavour, and at the fact that a small country like Piedmont was able so easily to threaten the European peace.
His long life, and the publication of his Memoirs of an Ex-Minister in 1884, contributed to his reputation. The Memoirs, charmingly written, full of anecdote, and containing much interesting material for the history of the time, remain his chief title to remembrance. Lord Malmesbury also edited his grandfather’s Diaries and Correspondence (1844), and in 1870 published The First Lord Malmesbury and His Friends.
Lord Malmesbury died childless in May 1889, aged 82, and was succeeded in the earldom by his nephew Edward.
[edit] References
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Edward Baker |
Member of Parliament for Wilton 1841 |
Succeeded by Viscount Somerton |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by The Earl Granville |
Foreign Secretary 1852 |
Succeeded by The Lord John Russell |
| Preceded by The Earl of Clarendon |
Foreign Secretary 1858–1859 |
Succeeded by The Lord John Russell |
| Preceded by The Duke of Argyll |
Lord Privy Seal 1866–1868 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Kimberley |
| Preceded by The Earl of Derby |
Leader of the House of Lords 1868 |
Succeeded by The Earl Granville |
| Conservative Leader in the Lords 1868–1869 |
Succeeded by The Lord Cairns |
|
| Preceded by The Viscount Halifax |
Lord Privy Seal 1874–1876 |
Succeeded by The Earl of Beaconsfield |
| Peerage of Great Britain | ||
| Preceded by James Harris |
Earl of Malmesbury 1841–1889 |
Succeeded by Edward James Harris |
