James H. Flatley
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Vice Admiral James Henry "Jimmy" Flatley Jr., (June 17, 1906, - July 9, 1958) was a World War II naval aviator and tactician for the United States Navy
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[edit] Early life
Flatley was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin and graduated from St. Norbert College. He was a 1929 Naval Academy graduate who earned his wings in 1931. An early squadron assignment found him with VP-4F, flying Douglas PDs and Consolidated P2Ys. In December 1941 he was with VF-2 flying the Brewster F2A, the Navy’s first monoplane fighter.
[edit] World War II
[edit] War Ace
Flatley was an aerial-gunnery expert and World War II ace in the Pacific. As Executive Officer (XO) of Fighter Squadron VF-42, he was one of the key participants in the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942--the first carrier-vs.-carrier duel. A few days before, Flatley had been ordered back to the States to form a new fighter squadron, but he managed to get permission to stay for the coming battle. Flatley was awarded the Navy Cross for "extraordinary heroism and conspicuous courage" during the Battle of the Coral Sea.
After Coral Sea, he returned to the states to form VF-10, flying F4F Wildcats. Named the Grim Reapers, as Commanding Officer (CO), Flatley became "Reaper Leader." There were successes at Guadalcanal, but several losses which left him frustrated. Following his tour as Commander Air Group Five (CAG-5) on board USS Yorktown (CV 10), during which he helped introduce Grumman’s F6F Hellcat to combat in August 1943, Flatley at the age of 36 never flew combat again.[1]
He received a Navy Cross for Coral Sea; two Distinguished Flying Crosses for heroism, a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Distinguished Flying Cross, Bronze Star for action with enemy Japanese forces in the Philippine Islands and the Distinguished Service Medal.
[edit] Tactician
Flatley--with John S. Thach and Butch O'Hare--was instrumental in communicating tactical advice throughout naval aviation and changing the perception that the supposedly inferior F4F Wildcat fighter was actually superior to the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero when properly utilized. Comment of Flatley about the Grumman F4F Wildcat: "Let us not be too critical of our equipment. It shoots the enemy down in flames and brings most of us home." Flatley was not overly impressed by the Japanese Zero fighter, but noted the high quality of Japanese pilots. His writeup on enemy capabilities received high marks at senior levels.
The expression Thach Weave did not come into the lexicon until Flatley named it in his after action report for the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. He recounted how LCDR John S. Thach’s "Beam Defense tactic" had allowed him a successful defense in an almost sure destruction situation during the battle. Flatley wrote: ". . . the four plane division is the only thing that will work and, I am calling it the Thach Weave."
Flatley later received a commendation for his bravery in retrieving wounded personnel after the carrier USS Bunker Hill (CV 17) was hit by Kamikazes on 11 May 1945.
[edit] Post War
Flatley remained in the Navy after the war and became a key figure with Navy's postwar air-training program. After commanding the carrier USS Block Island (CVE-106) for a year, Flatley became deeply involved with assessing Naval Aviation's disastrous safety record and ultimately helped develop the Naval Aviation Safety Center, today's Naval Safety Center.
After the war he was training director of the Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Corpus Christi, Texas Air Station; commander of the Naval Air Station Olathe in Olathe, Kansas (which was renamed "Flatley Field" from 1962-1969); and commander of the Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia followed by the carrier USS Lake Champlain (CV-39). He rose to rank of Vice Admiral.
The USS Flatley (FFG-21) is named for him as is the Admiral Flatley Park in Green Bay.
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- "Reaper Leader: The Life of Jimmy Flatley" (cover) by Steve Ewing, Naval Institute Press, 291 Wood Rd., Annapolis, MD 21402-5034. 2002. 384 pp.
- "The First Team: Pacific Naval Air Combat from Pearl Harbor to Midway" (cover) by John B. Lundstrom, 1984, ISBN 0-87021-189-7
- Admiral Flatey, Aviator, 52, Dead - New York Times - July 10, 1958
