Jamal Pasha

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Jamal Pasha with Iraqi tribal leaders, celebrating the completion of the al-Hindya dam on the Euphrates river near al-Hilla, south of Baghdad.
Jamal Pasha with Iraqi tribal leaders, celebrating the completion of the al-Hindya dam on the Euphrates river near al-Hilla, south of Baghdad.

Jamal Pasha (1872 – 1922), known in the Arab world as Jamal the Butcher, was a notorious Turkish military leader and commander of the Ottoman Fourth Army, who was stationed in Damascus, during World War I. He was known among the local Arab inhabitants as al-Saffah, "the Blood Shedder" or "the Butcher", being responsible for the hanging of many Lebanese, Syrian Shi'a Muslims and Christians wrongly accused of treason on May 6, 1916, in Damascus and Beirut [1].

Jemal Pasha is also mentioned in the diaries of T. E. Laurence, where he is depicted as the Ottoman Butcher, the sceptic towards any movement by his Arabic allies. Pasha represented the Ottoman interests in the Arabia and mesapotomia, where he worked in the field as an ally of the German empire in its scheme to incorporate Islam in its strategy of world hegemony.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Cleveland, William: A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder: Westview Press, 2004. "World War I and the End of the Ottoman Order", 146-167.