Jaffa Gate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jaffa Gate (Hebrew: Sha'ar Yafo, Arabic: Bab el-Khalil), also David's Gate (Hebrew: Sha'ar David) , is a stone portal in the historic walls of Jerusalem's Old City; it is one of eight gates in Jerusalem's Old City walls.
The Jaffa Gate is so named because it is the portal for Jaffa Road, the precursor to the modern highway to the ancient port of Jaffa and the Mediterranean coastal plain.
Inside the Jaffa Gate is a small square between the Christian and Armenian Quarters. The Christian Quarter is to the north, on the left, and the Armenian Quarter is to the South, on the right. The Gate's location is determined by the city's topography, located along the valley followed by Jaffa Road into the old city, between the northern hill of the Acra and the southern of Mount Zion.[1] The road and the valley it follows continues eastward and down into the Tyropoeon Valley, bisecting the northern and southern halves of the city, with the Christian and Muslim Quarters to the north, and Armenian and Jewish Quarters to the south. One of the entrances to the Arab marketplace is just inside the Jaffa Gate.
Running along the high city walls, south of the Jaffa Gate is the Citadel of Jerusalem, usually (but mistakenly) called the "Tower of David," a Jerusalem landmark that dates back to antiquity. The current tower was built during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Legend has it that every conquerer of Jerusalem will enter through the Jaffa Gate. So when German Kaiser Wilhelm II visited Jerusalem in 1898, the Ottoman authorities breached the city wall right next to the gate so that he could enter and think he was going through the Jaffa Gate. In 1908, a clock tower was built near the gate, to serve the developing business district in the area. The tower lasted only a decade: It was knocked down by the British when they occupied Jerusalem.
In 1917, British general Edmund Allenby entered the Old City through the Jaffa Gate, giving a speech at the nearby Tower of David. Allenby entered the city on foot in a show of respect for the city and a desire to avoid comparison with the Kaiser's entry in 1898. The British demolished other buildings adjoining the city wall in 1944 in an attempt to preserve Jerusalem's historic vistas.
During Israel's War of Independence, Israeli forces fought hard to connect the Jewish Quarter of the Old City with Israeli-held western Jerusalem by controlling the Jaffa Gate. With a Jordanian victory in 1948, Israeli forces were not able to gain control of the gate until the Six Day War in 1967.
As the westernmost of the gates, it is heavily used by pedestrians and vehicles, and the plaza in front of the gate has been expanded to connect with new Mamilla shopping district outside the Jaffa Gate.
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| Jerusalem Gates |
| Damascus Gate | Dung Gate | Golden Gate | Herod's Gate | Jaffa Gate | Lions' Gate | New Gate | Zion Gate |
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| Places: |
| 1. Central Bus Station | 2. Planned Israel Railways station | 3. Mahane Yehuda Market | 4. Klal Center | 5. Ben Yehuda Street | 6. Nahlat Shiva | 7. Generali Building | 8. Safra Square - City Hall | 9. Old City | 10. Mamilla | 11. Jaffa Gate/Tower of David |
| Squares: |
| A. Davidka Square | B. Zion Square | C. Tzahal Square |
