Jacques Pelletier du Mans

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Jacques Peletier du Mans
Born	1517  France Le Mans
Died	1582  France Paris
Occupation	Humanist, Poet, Mathematician

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Jacques Peletier du Mans (1517 Le Mans – 1582 Paris) was a humanist, poet and mathematician of the French Renaissance. Born into a bourgeois family, he studied at the Collège de Navarre (in Paris) where his brother Jean was a professor of mathematics and philosophy. He subsequently studied law and medicine, frequented the literary circle around Marguerite of Navarre and from 1541-43 was secretary to René du Bellay. In 1541 he published the first French translation of Horace's "Ars poetica" and during this period he also published numerous scientific and mathematical treatises.

In 1547 he pronounced a funeral oration for Henry VIII of England and published his first poems "Œuvres poétiques", which included translations from the first two cantos of Homer's Odyssey and the first book of Virgil's Georgics, twelve Petrarchian sonnets, three Horacian odes and a Martial-like epigram; this poetry collection also included the first published poems of Joachim Du Bellay and Pierre de Ronsard (Ronsard would include Jacques Peletier into his list of revolutionary contemporary poets "La Pléiade"). He then began to frequent a humanist circle around Théodore de Bèze, Jean Martin, Denis Sauvage.

Jacques Peletier tried to reform French spelling (which in the Renaissance had, through a misguided attempt to model French words on their Latin roots, acquired many inconsistencies (see Middle French)) in a treatise (1550) advocating a phonetic-based spelling using new typographic signs which Peletier would continue to use in all his published works (because of this system, "Peletier" is consistently spelled with one "l").

After years spent in Bordeaux, Poitiers, Piedmont (where Peletier may have been the tutor of the son of Maréchal de Brissac) and Lyon (where he frequented the poets and humanists Maurice Scève, Louise Labé, Olivier de Magny and Pontus de Tyard). In 1555 he published a manual of poetic composition, "Art poétique français", a Latin oration calling for peace from Henri II of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and a new collection of poetry "L'Amour des amours" (consisting of a sonnet cycle and a series of encyclopedic poems describing meteors, planets and the heavens) which would influence poets Guillaume du Bartas and Jean-Antoine de Baïf.

His last years were spent in travels (Savoy, Germany, Switzerland, maybe Italy, and various regions in France) and in publishing numerous works in Latin on algebra, geometry and mathematics, medicine (a refutation of Galen, a work on the Plague). In 1572 he was briefly director of the College of Aquitaine (Bordeaux), but, bored by the position, he resigned. During this period he was friends with Michel de Montaigne and Pierre de Brach. In 1579 he returned to Paris and was named director of the College of Le Mans. A final collection of poetry "Louanges" was published in 1581. Peletier died in July or August 1582.

[edit] Mathematical Naming Conventions

While maintaining the original system of the French mathematician Nicolas Chuquet (1485) for the names of large numbers, Jacques Peletier proposed names for the intermediate numbers, when grouping by six digits moved towards the modern grouping by three digits. The already existing series of terms ending -illion were supplemented by a related series ending -illiard, representing three powers of ten greater than the corresponding term in -illion. This convention is used throughout the world, except English-language countries, Brazil, Greece, Turkey, Russia and Puerto Rico. Both Chuquet and Peletier naming conventions are referred to as long scale, in contrast to the short scale convention used in the majority of English-language countries.

The Chuquet-Peletier system (long scale)
Base 10	Systematics	Chuquet	Peletier	SI Prefix
10  0	million 0	unit	unit	unit
10  3	Million 0.5	thousand	thousand	kilo
10  6	Million 1	Million	Million	Mega
10  9	Million 1.5	thousand million	Milliard	Giga
10 12	Million 2	Billion	Billion	Tera
10 15	Million 2.5	thousand billion	Billiard	Peta
10 18	Million 3	Trillion	Trillion	Exa
10 21	Million 3.5	thousand trillion	Trilliard	Zetta
10 24	Million 4	Quadrillion	Quadrillion	Yotta

[edit] References

• (French) Simonin, Michel, ed. Dictionnaire des lettres françaises - Le XVIe siècle. Paris: Fayard, 2001. ISBN 2-253-05663-4
• Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine, Le Mans, 2000, passim.

[edit] See also

• Nicolas Chuquet
• List of numbers
• English-language numerals
• Names of large numbers
• Long and short scales
• French Renaissance literature
• Humanism

Persondata
NAME	Peletier du Mans, Jacques
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Humanist, Poet, Mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH	1517
PLACE OF BIRTH	Le Mans, France
DATE OF DEATH	1582
PLACE OF DEATH	Paris, France