Jüri Vilms

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Jüri Vilms (March 1 [O.S. March 13] 1889, Kabala, Russian Empire (Estonia) - May 2, 1918, Hauho near Hämeenlinna, Finland) was a member of the Estonian Salvation Committee and the first Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia. Empowered by Maapäev the Salvation Committee issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on February 24, 1918 in the middle of a political power vacuum created by the retreating Russian and advancing German troops during World War I. The German forces taking over the country didn't recognize the independence of Estonia. The Salvation Committee went underground, Jüri Vilms fled to Finland where he, according to official version, was captured and executed by German troops in Helsinki. ^[1] Estonia gained its independence after the German troops were withdrawn from Estonia due to the German Revolution and following Estonian War of Independence ended with Peace Treaty of Tartu.

Jüri Vilms was born in Kabala, Estonia. He studied at Pärnu Gymnasium where he qualified for free tuition due to a high grade point average. After graduating Vilms continued his studies at the University of Tartu Faculty of Law 1907-1911. At the University he became a member of the Estonian Students Association where he was chosen to the position of elected chairman. In 1911 Vilms started to practise as a lawyer, first as an associate, and later opening his own law firm. After the beginning of World War I Vilms became involved with the Estonian National Movement, publishing articles demanding autonomy for Estonia within the Russian Empire. He criticized the political concepts of Jaan Tõnisson who advocated the idea of cultural autonomy only and the ideas of Konstantin Päts who saw political opportunities in cooperating with Baltic Germans in Estonia. In 1917 Vilms founded a new political party in Estonia, left centrist Eesti Tööerakond (Estonian Labor Party).

After the Russian February Revolution Jüri Vilms became a full-time politician. He was labelled as the advocate of the Estonian people by Aleksander Looring at the time. Together with Heinrich Koppel, Otto Strandman and Jaan Raamot the legal preparations for the administrative reforms establishing the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia were compiled. The documents became the basis for the decree of the Russian Provisional Government on April 12 (March 30 Old Style) 1917 establishing the autonomy for Estonia.^[2]

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Juri Vilms is the main hero of the historical novel Tabamatus ^[3] by Jaan Kross, translated into Swedish Motstånd ^[4], Finnish Kuningasajatus ^[5] and French Dans l’insaisissable ^[6]

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