Istakhri

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A map by Istakhri from the text Al-aqalim.
A map by Istakhri from the text Al-aqalim.
A map of the Persian Gulf by Istakhri.
A map of the Persian Gulf by Istakhri.

Abul Qasim Ubaidullah ibn Abdullah ibn Khurdad-bih (a.k.a. Istakhri, Persian: استخری, i.e. from the city of Istakhr) was a medieval Persian geographer.

Among his works were Al-masaalik al-mamaalik (المسالك الممالك) and Suwar al-Aqaaleem (صور الاقاليم)

It was Istakhri who created the earliest known account of windmills.

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