Isotopes of zinc

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Naturally occurring zinc (Zn) is composed of the 5 stable isotopes ⁶⁴Zn, ⁶⁶Zn, ⁶⁷Zn, ⁶⁸Zn, and ⁷⁰Zn with ⁶⁴Zn being the most abundant (48.6% natural abundance). Twenty-one radioisotopes have been characterised with the most abundant and stable being ⁶⁵Zn with a half-life of 244.26 days, and ⁷²Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 14 hours and the majority of these have half lives that are less than 1 second. This element also has 4 meta states.

Zinc has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of isotopically enriched ⁶⁴Zn, irradiated by the intense high-energy neutron flux from an exploding thermonuclear weapon, would transmute into the radioactive isotope Zn-65 with a half-life of 244 days and produce approximately 2.27 MeV of gamma radiation, significantly increasing the radioactivity of the weapon's fallout for several days. Such a weapon is not known to have ever been built, tested, or used.
Standard atomic mass: 65.409(4) u

1 Table
- 1.1 Notes
2 References
3 External links

[edit] Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁵⁴Zn	30	24	53.99295(43)#		0+
⁵⁵Zn	30	25	54.98398(27)#	20# ms [>1.6 µs]	5/2-#
⁵⁶Zn	30	26	55.97238(28)#	36(10) ms	0+
⁵⁷Zn	30	27	56.96479(11)#	38(4) ms	7/2-#
⁵⁸Zn	30	28	57.95459(5)	84(9) ms	0+
⁵⁹Zn	30	29	58.94926(4)	182.0(18) ms	3/2-
⁶⁰Zn	30	30	59.941827(11)	2.38(5) min	0+
⁶¹Zn	30	31	60.939511(17)	89.1(2) s	3/2-
^61m1Zn	88.4(1) keV			<430 ms	1/2-
^61m2Zn	418.10(15) keV			140(70) ms	3/2-
^61m3Zn	756.02(18) keV			<130 ms	5/2-
⁶²Zn	30	32	61.934330(11)	9.186(13) h	0+
⁶³Zn	30	33	62.9332116(17)	38.47(5) min	3/2-
⁶⁴Zn	30	34	63.9291422(7)	STABLE [>2.3E+18 a]	0+	0.48268(321)
⁶⁵Zn	30	35	64.9292410(7)	243.66(9) d	5/2-
^65mZn	53.928(10) keV			1.6(6) µs	(1/2)-
⁶⁶Zn	30	36	65.9260334(10)	STABLE	0+	0.27975(77)
⁶⁷Zn	30	37	66.9271273(10)	STABLE	5/2-	0.04102(21)
⁶⁸Zn	30	38	67.9248442(10)	STABLE	0+	0.19024(123)
⁶⁹Zn	30	39	68.9265503(10)	56.4(9) min	1/2-
^69mZn	438.636(18) keV			13.76(2) h	9/2+
⁷⁰Zn	30	40	69.9253193(21)	STABLE [>1.3E+16 a]	0+	0.00631(9)
⁷¹Zn	30	41	70.927722(11)	2.45(10) min	1/2-
^71mZn	157.7(13) keV			3.96(5) h	9/2+
⁷²Zn	30	42	71.926858(7)	46.5(1) h	0+
⁷³Zn	30	43	72.92978(4)	23.5(10) s	(1/2)-
^73m1Zn	195.5(2) keV			13.0(2) ms	(5/2+)
^73m2Zn	237.6(20) keV			5.8(8) s	(7/2+)
⁷⁴Zn	30	44	73.92946(5)	95.6(12) s	0+
⁷⁵Zn	30	45	74.93294(8)	10.2(2) s	(7/2+)#
⁷⁶Zn	30	46	75.93329(9)	5.7(3) s	0+
⁷⁷Zn	30	47	76.93696(13)	2.08(5) s	(7/2+)#
^77mZn	772.39(12) keV			1.05(10) s	1/2-#
⁷⁸Zn	30	48	77.93844(10)	1.47(15) s	0+
^78mZn	2673(1) keV			319(9) ns	(8+)
⁷⁹Zn	30	49	78.94265(28)#	0.995(19) s	(9/2+)
⁸⁰Zn	30	50	79.94434(18)	545(16) ms	0+
⁸¹Zn	30	51	80.95048(32)#	290(50) ms	5/2+#
⁸²Zn	30	52	81.95442(54)#	100# ms [>300 ns]	0+
⁸³Zn	30	53	82.96103(54)#	80# ms [>300 ns]	5/2+#

[edit] Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

[edit] References

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.